Guinea pig (scientific name: Cavia porcellus), also known as guinea pig, guinea pig, guinea pig, is classified as guinea pig in zoology and belongs to Kanik of mammals. Although its name is "guinea pig", this animal is neither a pig nor from Guinea. Their ancestors came from the Andes in South America. According to biochemical and hybridization analysis, the guinea pig is a domesticated offspring of a guinea pig, such as guinea pig, fulgide guinea pig or guinea pig. So this animal no longer exists in nature [1][2]. Guinea pigs play an important role in the indigenous folk culture of South America. They are not only the source of food, but also the source of medicine and the sacrifice of religious ceremonies [3]. From 1960, the demand for guinea pigs outside South America began to increase [4].

Guinea pigs were brought to the west by European businessmen in the16th century. At that time, people liked this small animal very much and kept it as a pet. They are gentle and lovely, easy to take care of, and they are also common domestic pets. Some organizations in the world are scrambling to cultivate guinea pigs, and people have cultivated varieties of different colors and shapes.

In the first half of the 20th century, guinea pigs became a popular synonym for people who participated in scientific experiments in English. Biological experiments on guinea pigs began in17th century. In the19th and 20th centuries, this animal was generally regarded as a model organism, and was later replaced by other mammals such as mice. Nowadays, guinea pigs are still used in scientific research, mainly for common human diseases such as spinal cord injury, juvenile diabetes, tuberculosis, scurvy and pregnancy complications.