What are the customs of New Year in Hunan?
Changsha: "The prime of life is gone forever."
On new year's eve, a maple tree (or pine tree, chestnut tree, etc. ) It is burning in every stove in rural Changsha, which is called "Niancai Lao". On the first day of the lunar new year, every family gets up with a crow, men, women and children put on new clothes, and the male owner with the highest generation burns incense and opens the door to set off firecrackers. This is called "going out of the sky", or making money.
Hengyang: "Closing the financial door" and "grabbing the first fragrance"
Hengyang area has its unique customs in the Spring Festival, and the 30th is called "New Year's Eve". Today's lunch is extremely rich, which is the so-called "reunion dinner". After receiving the order from the kitchen god at night, close the door. This is called "closing the financial door". Put out the snacks and fruits prepared in advance, and the whole family will sit around the fire, talk while eating, greet the children in advance and give them lucky money until they fall asleep late at night. This is called "confinement"
In addition, there is a special custom in Hengyang, that is, Buddhists will burn incense in temples after midnight that night, especially in Nanyue Temple, Yanfeng Temple and Yumushan Yu Yan Temple, because it is said that whoever burns incense first will prosper.
On the first day of the first month, most families get up early First of all, they opened the door, filed a case in front of the ancestral temple, burned incense and set up sacrifices to warn ancestors and gods and seek peace, which is called "opening the door to wealth." After breakfast, keep the traditional vegetarian custom. After dinner, parents lead their families to pay New Year greetings to their close neighbors or close relatives, which is called "going out of heaven".
Zhuzhou: "Open the door to worship the Six Gods"
After the opening of the door in the early morning of the first day of junior high school, both men and women in Zhuzhou put on new clothes, worshiping their ancestors first, and then worshiping the six gods (kitchen god, roof god, white tiger, well god, land god and god of wealth). There are also some counties such as Youxian, Liling and Yanling that have their own regional culture and humanistic customs for the New Year. For example, Jutian Village, Youxian County, a city-level intangible cultural heritage protection object in Zhuzhou, has been circulated for more than 300 years. Every year, the original ecological music "Singing Exclamations" is fixed at the end of the Lantern Festival from the twelfth to the fifteenth day of the first month, and it lasts for four days and four nights. In addition, there is a traditional custom of watching shadow play in rural areas of Zhuzhou. The first day of the first month to the Lantern Festival is the peak season for shadow play performances.
From the first day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the first month, dragon lanterns can be seen everywhere, whether in rural areas or towns in Xiangtan. Dragon lanterns must be "answered" first, that is, invitations are sent from door to door, and those who receive the invitations enter the house in turn to dance dragon lanterns to congratulate them. During the Spring Festival, a few foreigners in Xiangtan take advantage of people's psychology of getting rich, or praise the land or give gifts to the god of wealth, which is called "having spring" or "big reward".
Shaoyang: The first child, the second lang and the third girl.
Shaoyang's reunion dinner is on the 29th of the twelfth lunar month, which means "gathering" and "several people" before the Spring Festival, which is different from the meaning of the New Year's Eve dinner that everyone understands today. Although the Chinese New Year is 30 years old, the dining ceremony is divided into two parts: breakfast for 30 years old and the first day of the first day, which ends before dawn. There is also an order when visiting New Year, "the first child, the second lang, and the third four girls". That is to say, New Year greetings are given to parents on the first day, parents-in-law on the second day and aunts and aunts on the third day.
Yueyang: "Close the door and have a reunion dinner"
In addition to killing chickens and ducks, setting off firecrackers and posting Spring Festival couplets, Yueyang also eats "reunion dinner" on the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month, which is very rich.
Yueyang people attach great importance to the reunion dinner. People who go out are rushing home, and their families wait and wait. When having a reunion dinner, the door should be closed to prevent the treasure from running away. Setting off a firecracker after a meal means that people have finished their New Year's Eve dinner and can walk around.
Changde: Lighting during the Spring Festival, "Good luck shines high"
During the Spring Festival, all parts of Changde have the habit of decorating at the gate. Nowadays, it is popular for all units to tie colored doors and install colored lights at the gate, and people will light up during the New Year.
Zhangjiajie: Tujia people catch up with the New Year.
There are many ethnic minorities in Zhangjiajie. According to Tujia customs, every year lasts for three years, on the 29th (or 28th) of the twelfth lunar month, and on the 25th of June and the 1st of October of the lunar calendar. "Catch up with the New Year" means celebrating the New Year one day in advance, and the New Year's Eve dinner is usually eaten in the early hours of the twelfth lunar month. The sooner the better. On New Year's Eve, Tujia people light bonfires, dance around them and sing tune-up songs.
Yiyang: New Year's Eve is full of lights.
Yiyang farmers have a saying: "Thirty fires, fifteen lights". During the Spring Festival, Yiyang, Taojiang, Yuanjiang, Nanxian and other places also spread the custom of playing "three sticks and drums". There can be only one performer, or two or three people can play together. The performer recited the jingle and threw three short sticks with his hand. Three short sticks are the same length, and there are three copper coins in the hole, which rustle, rhythm and variety when throwing.
Chenzhou: Add "Yes" and "Open the Door"
When the new year comes, people like to put couplets and door gods on their doors, and thousands of families look brand-new. Spring Festival couplets contain many words of blessing, which are used to express people's good wishes for welcoming the New Year and longing for a happy life.
On New Year's Day, when the cock crows, the first thing to do when opening the door is to set off firecrackers, which is called "opening the door".
Yongzhou: Twenty-one, give an idea; No.22 Shang Jie Street
The Spring Festival in Yongzhou is commonly known as "Chinese New Year", including the whole period from New Year's Eve to Lantern Festival. In order to have a good Spring Festival, preparations are usually made in late December of the lunar calendar. There is a nursery rhyme that says, "Twenty-one, give an idea; 22. Shang Jie Street; Twenty-three, send the kitchen king; Twenty-four, off-year; Twenty-five, make tofu; Twenty-six, chop pork (or kill fat pigs); Twenty-seven, kill the capon; Twenty-eight, snoring; Twenty-nine, everything; Thirty nights, reunion wine. " Yongzhou people call it a trip when they go out on the first day of the first month, and go to the local land temple to worship. When they go home, they break a bunch of branches, which is called "getting rich".
Huaihua: Cutting "Year Pig"
From the 23 rd day of the twelfth lunar month, the kitchen god bodhisattva went to heaven, to the 24 th day of the twelfth lunar month, the Chinese New Year model of Huaihua citizens was officially opened. In Miao township, on New Year's Eve, the young man went up the mountain to chop down the "Year Pig", which is not a pig, but a piece of hard wood. Whenever night falls, every household will light a strong fire, burn this "Nian pig" together with other firewood, and then use this "Nian pig" as a kindling until the fifteenth day of the first month. In Xupu County, every family must cook a whole pig's head on the 29th of the twelfth lunar month and have a reunion dinner on the morning of the 30th. You can only eat half a pig's head for the reunion dinner. After dinner, the son will send the remaining half to his father-in-law's house.
Loudi: You can't have less white radish on New Year's Eve.
White radish is an essential dish in the New Year's Eve dinner hosted by the rural elderly in Loudi. "Eating white radish will make your life clear." This is the good wish of the old man.
Xiangxi: Make tofu, kill pigs and make Baba.
There is such a popular saying in rural areas of western Hunan: (In the twelfth lunar month, tofu is cooked on the 25th, the house is cleaned on the 26th, glutinous rice is soaked on the 27th, Baba is made on the 28th, and twenty-nine kinds of things are slowly withdrawn after thirty nights (withdrawal: Xiangxi dialect refers to slow consumption and slow enjoyment). In addition to the above-mentioned jingles, there are meals (offering sacrifices to deceased ancestors and relatives) and catching meat (hunting in the mountains) ...
The Origin of China New Year
The origin of the Spring Festival can be traced back to ancient times, and there are many different legends and sayings. Among them, the most popular saying is that the Spring Festival began in Yu Shun. According to legend, one day before BC, Shun became emperor and led his men to worship heaven and earth. From then on, people regarded this day as the beginning of a year, that is, the beginning of the Lunar New Year, which was later called the Spring Festival. The legends of the Spring Festival are very rich, including many myths, legends and stories. For example, during the Spring Festival, people will put up couplets, hang lanterns, set off firecrackers, pay New Year greetings, eat jiaozi and give red envelopes. These traditional customs have been passed down for thousands of years and are unique cultural traditions of the Chinese nation.