The history and legends about "wine" from ancient times to the present seem to linger. Cao Cao, a treacherous hero in the Three Kingdoms period, once wrote in "Short Songs": "Du Kang is the only way to solve worries". Although there are only eight words, it tells the historical achievements of Du Kang, the originator of wine making, and the close relationship between wine and life.
Happiness, anger, sadness, joy and sadness can all be reasons for people to drink. Li Bai has the deepest affection for wine, because he was once called "the fairy in wine" by Du Fu. "Li Bai wrote a hundred poems, and Chang 'an went to sleep in a restaurant", although Brewmaster had an anecdote about sleeping in a restaurant after being drunk. But it can also be very poetic after drinking.
Li Bai's feelings for wine can be described as love and hate. He once described himself as "a sober person in ancient times, a sage is forgotten, and only a heavy drinker is immortal" in "Into the Wine". This kind of love and fascination with wine is believed to be beyond people's reach. "Xinfeng wine fights ten thousand people"; "When there is a bright moon, ask heaven for wine" is the drunken state of ancient literati.
Having said that, many people may think that Tang and Song Dynasties were the dynasties that loved drinking the most. But in fact, the dynasty that really loved wine was neither the Tang Dynasty, which advised you to drink more, nor the Song Dynasty, which had three cups and two lamps, but the Ming Dynasty, which overthrew the dark rule of the Yuan Dynasty.
Love songs in Ming Dynasty can not be separated from "wine"
Wine has been loved by people since ancient times. Drinking can not only show a person's joys and sorrows, but also is an ancient cultural heritage. During the Ming dynasty, the wine culture prevailed, mainly because the emperor preferred drinking, which made the Ming people have the habit of drinking. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, handicraft industry and commerce gradually developed and prospered, which promoted the gradual prosperity of wine culture.
First, "wine" is sacred.
"Du Kang is the only way to relieve anxiety", and wine is the holy product to relieve anxiety. If you think too much for a long time, you can drink to relieve your worries, and drinking can eliminate your sadness. It's called getting drunk and solving a thousand worries. Drinking wine is a very solemn thing. In the Ming dynasty, it was inseparable from the worship of heaven and earth and ancestral temples. Therefore, wine has been an extremely sacred existence in people's hearts for thousands of years.
1. The reason why people like drinking in Ming Dynasty.
The "wine" culture in Ming Dynasty has its own characteristics. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty preferred drinking. After he ascended the throne, he lifted the ban on drinking in the army, and since then, the wine culture has gradually prevailed. Under the leadership of Zhu Yuanzhang, ministers and ordinary people preferred drinking, and the emperor ordered the construction of restaurants, so the number of restaurants gradually increased.
During the Ming Dynasty, there was a very distinguished industry, namely winemakers. With more and more people like to drink, restaurants have become popular and developed, which has led many people to fall in love with the wine-making industry. At that time, wine-making was a very glorious thing, and it also symbolized noble status.
"This is someone else's health wine, either sweet or medicinal, which is different from ordinary products. People who drink a lot should not say much, "and wrote the characteristics of wine culture." Wine has a certain health-preserving function, which is not only sweet to the mouth, but also can relieve fatigue. Moderate drinking can promote people's physical and mental health. Moreover, compared with the popular liquor order in Ming Dynasty, it promoted the development of liquor culture.
The author thinks that wine is a good thing, but "drinking too much is harmful to health", so don't drink too much at ordinary times to avoid drinking too much affecting people's health and causing headaches. Drink enough, don't get drunk often, and don't drive after drinking.
2. Wine production and brewing
Since the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the ruling class has paid more attention to the recuperation of ordinary people and the development of agriculture, which has promoted the prosperity of farming, so the living conditions of ordinary people have gradually improved. By the middle of Ming Dynasty, due to economic development and cultural progress, the development of wine-making industry was promoted.
The Ming Dynasty was a period of development and prosperity of catering industry. Different varieties and different years of wine have gradually entered people's lives, and people will divide wine into different grades according to the identity of winemakers. The highest grade is the imperial palace wine, the second grade is the wine brewed according to Ouchi's brewing method, the third grade is the home brew of the literati, and the last grade is the wine brewed by the people.
The distillation technology of ancient wine-making has been improved and improved, and the variety and quantity of wine have also increased. Fruit wine began to appear in the middle of Ming dynasty, and the more common ones are wine, jujube wine and litchi wine. Shaoxing wine and Shanxi Fenjiu are also famous, and bamboo leaf green produced in Shaoxing was a famous variety at that time.
The author thinks that wine is a kind of pure grain-brewed drink, and the purity of wine is relatively high, so proper drinking is helpful to people's health, so you can drink alcohol properly during the diet. When special friends get together, it is best to eat some meat or fruit food before drinking, so as not to damage people's liver health by drinking for a long time.
3. In the Ming Dynasty, wine was sealed with Jintan.
Many people pay attention to the vintage when drinking. The older the wine, the higher the purity and the better the taste. Therefore, the ancients would use the method of sealing wine in Jintan to increase the mellowness of wine. This method began in the period of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, and has been handed down, forming the current wine sealing culture.
According to legend, Zhu Yuanzhang led the peasant uprising and resisted the oppression of the Yuan Dynasty. Because the people have done many practical things, when passing through Jintan and Gulong Mountain, the people presented their own rice wine. Zhu Yuanzhang was very happy at that time. After drinking rice wine, he was still wanting more. He ordered people to bury the rest of the wine and wait for the day of triumph to open the altar.
After the Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, Jintan officials presented Zhu Yuanzhang with the remaining wine at that time. Because it has been buried underground for many years, the purity of the wine is better, and it is regarded as the top grade in taste. Zhu Yuanzhang called this wine "wine sealing", and since then, Jintan wine sealing has become a way of storing wine. People put their own wine in the jar, and then dig it out to drink in a certain year. It is mellow, sweet and fragrant.
I think "Jintan Seal Wine" can make the wine taste better after being buried for a long time and increase the mellow degree of the wine. Therefore, people who like wine tasting had better choose high-purity wine to bury in the ground and dig it up again after several years. The taste of wine is sweeter and unforgettable after drinking.
4. The fighting wine culture in Ming Dynasty.
When ancient people drank, they would talk about the order of drinking when they were drunk. "The two brothers are good! Five champions! " "Liu Liushun" is a boxing game in the process of drinking. This drinking order can not only stimulate the interest in drinking, but also is a unique drinking culture.
It is said that the earliest drinking order appeared as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, which is also a set of rhetoric when people drink, and it is a drinking rule. Scholars' sober-up orders are crossword puzzles or couplets, while most people do it by punching in.
During the Ming dynasty, most people liked drinking, so the words of drinking orders were more colorful. Some people used guessing animals and writing romantic poems as drinking orders, which also represented the social form and atmosphere of a period. During the Ming Dynasty, the culture was quite rich, most of them were friends at cocktail parties, and two people who hated each other would have a glass of wine to bury their hatred.
5. Drinking habits in Ming Dynasty
In the Ming dynasty, people didn't ban alcohol too much. Drinking is neither taxed nor life-extending. Therefore, wine is an indispensable item on the table of ordinary people. Just like eating, every meal should have wine. Moreover, there are also phenomena of persuading, fighting and punishing alcohol on the wine table, which has a certain promotion effect on the development of drinking industry in Ming Dynasty.
The Development of Liquor Industry in Ming Dynasty
In the Ming Dynasty, the brewing industry developed and expanded, and the variety of wine was diverse, and the output was significantly higher than that in other periods. People and soldiers in the Ming Dynasty were able to drink, and they all brewed different flavors of rice wine or fruit wine, and even early wine, which greatly promoted the development of wine culture.
I. Yellow rice wine and shochu in Ming Dynasty
In the Ming Dynasty, because the state relaxed the control of liquor, liquor was also in the stage of diversified development. At that time, rice wine and shochu were more famous. At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the yield of Zhejiang yellow rice wine was high, which became the mainstream of the wine market at that time. Yellow rice wine is mainly divided into three types: Maotai-flavor, Luzhou-flavor and Rice-flavor. Yellow rice wine is sweet and has a long aftertaste.
With the development and progress of wine-making technology, yellow wine was gradually replaced by shochu. Because rice wine consumes a lot of raw materials and its alcohol content is relatively low, most people like to drink shochu in the late Ming Dynasty. In Qing Shiduo, there is a saying that "yellow rice wine will increase in price when bought, and white wine will increase in price when bought at a low price". The varieties of wine and wine are different, and the prices are also very different.
The author thinks that most people drink mainly with "essence", and the wine is pure, fragrant and delicious, which can make people memorable. Although the price is a little expensive, drinking in wine tasting is expensive. Drinking a lot of wine is easy to get drunk and bad for people's health, so yellow wine is still the first choice for drinkers for thousands of years.
Second, the seven famous wines of Ming Dynasty
People in the Ming Dynasty liked drinking very much, but the wine in the Ming Dynasty was not recorded in detail in the relevant literature. The Compendium of Materia Medica records several famous medicinal liquors, which have the functions of preventing diseases and regulating body and mind. Proper drinking can relieve fatigue and promote blood circulation.
1. Autumn dew in Shandong
"High curative value condensate cloud in mid-air, silver trough empty cry autumn red. The Xue family has a new lotus color, so that it can be respected by the blue tube. " It is this kind of wine, which is a pure sorghum-brewed shochu. It tastes sweet, pure and sweet, with endless aftertaste. It is the top grade in wine.
2. Huaian mung bean wine
"Huaian mung bean wine, with mung beans, can detoxify. However, it is also gray and not beautiful. " Mung beans have the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials and eliminating dampness, so this wine has good medicinal value and can play the role of clearing away heat and toxic materials. Huai 'an mung bean wine was a necessary wine for entertaining guests in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, and it was drunk to celebrate after the villagers' wedding and the rural examination.
3. Other famous wines
Kuokuang Jinpanlu, Wuzhou Jinhua Wine, Jianchang Magu Wine, Taiping Quarry Wine and Suzhou Small Bottle Wine are all famous wines recorded in the book. It has a certain health-preserving effect and has symptoms of headache, thirst or local blood stasis. You can choose to drink some wine to relieve yourself. You can kill two birds with one stone by tasting wine and avoiding taking medicine.
The author thinks that the development of liquor-making industry in Ming Dynasty is related to the economic prosperity in Ming Dynasty. Due to the rapid economic development at that time and the support of the ruling class, the wine culture flourished. Ordinary people can also brew excellent wine at home, and the production of fruit wine has promoted the glory of the wine industry.
conclusion
Since ancient times, "wine" has a unique position in people's minds. "I advise you to drink more wine, there is no reason to go out to the west." You need to drink when you are leaving to show the pain of parting. "Grape wine luminous cup, want to drink pipa, go out to fight need to drink courage, so wine culture has a profound meaning since ancient times.
Drinking is the way to make friends, but also the way to solve worries. Fruit wine is also a sacred product for beauty and health care. You should drink alcohol when offering sacrifices to farewell, and you should drink alcohol on your wedding night, so you should be the champion. Therefore, alcohol plays an important role in people's life, but don't be greedy when drinking. Excessive drinking will affect people's physical and mental health.