The eunuchs who manage clothes for the emperor are called "four deacons", namely crown, robe, belt and shoes. It is called "Four Deacons Hall", which is actually the end hall of the East Corridor of the Qing Palace, meaning "end crown".
According to Pu Yi, he "made clothes all the year round, and I don't know what he did. He always wears new clothes anyway. " Citing another data, I made eleven fur coats, six fur robes, two leather pantyhose, cotton trousers and thirty pantyhose in the middle of October. In this way, cotton-padded clothes and pantyhose can be worn new every day. He added: "For a single dress, 28 kinds are changed every year according to the list, from the blue and white inlaid dress on January 19 to the mink dress on January 1 1 month 1 day."
Press: Twenty-eight kinds of robes represent ceremonies. Of course, they are good, but they are not static. They must be changed then. Puyi is a person who can't help himself; The Ministry of Internal Affairs and the prison can only be satisfied by spending money, so there are many cases of preparing clothes. Not exactly before this, Xuanzong was particularly frugal.
Before Hongyang, Jiangning and Suzhou-Hangzhou weaving yamen were responsible for using four-season fabrics; Others, such as Pi Tongzi, paid tribute from the northwestern provinces of the frontier. Need to buy from the market, but "stickers, pocket cloth, buttons and threads." However, according to Puyi's records, just making the aforementioned cotton-padded clothes cost more than 2 100 silver dollars.
In terms of clothes, I must point out a wrong popular concept: as shown in TV series, the emperor must wear a dragon robe or a bright yellow robe when he appears, which is actually a great fallacy. In addition to the ceremony, it must be made or presented. When the emperor lives in the palace and even receives ministers, he must wear casual clothes. However, casual clothes at that time were now Chinese clothes, including robes, "Wolong Bao" now called mandarin jackets and melon seeds caps.
On food, Puyi has a very vivid description:
There is also a set of terms about the emperor's eating, and there is absolutely no mistake. Rice is called "rice" instead of "rice", food is called "into rice", food is called "over rice" and the kitchen is called "imperial dining room". It's time to eat-there is no fixed time, it's entirely up to the emperor (Press: Puyi lives in hall of mental cultivation, nobody cares about her, she can do whatever she wants. Before Puyi, I had already talked about the time of delivering meals in the palace. The rules in the palace are very strict and can't be destroyed casually. Puyi's situation is special and unconventional. )-I ordered a "pass rice", and the little eunuch in front of me said the same thing to the eunuch guarding the Ming Temple in hall of mental cultivation: "Pass rice!" The eunuch in the temple passed this on to the eunuch standing outside Yangxin Gate, and he passed it on to the eunuch waiting in the West Street Chef ... so it has been passed on to the Chef. Reporter: Inside the Gan Qing Gate, there is an East-West Gate, which is called "Rijing" in the east and "Yuehua" in the west. Yuehuamen starts from Shufangzhai in the north, passes through Palace of Gathered Elegance, Yikun Palace, Yongshou Palace and hall of mental cultivation in the east, and reaches the inner right gate, which is called "Yi Xi Long Street". This is what Pu Yi's West Long Street refers to. As soon as you enter the inner right door, the head in the west is the Imperial Chef, which is far from hall of mental cultivation. Outside the south wall of the chef, there is a military department. Before the echo disappeared, a team like a dowry had already walked out of the chef. This is a team composed of dozens of well-dressed eunuchs, carrying seven dining tables and holding dozens of red paint boxes with golden dragons, heading straight for hall of mental cultivation. When he entered the Ming Temple, he was taken over by the little eunuch with white sleeves and stood in Dongnuange. Two dishes on weekdays and a hot pot in winter. Besides, there are three tables of snacks, rice and porridge, and a small table of pickles. The box is bright yellow porcelain painted with dragon patterns and written with the words "long life without borders"; Winter is silverware, supported by porcelain pots filled with hot water.
Every dish or bowl has a silver medal, which is designed to prevent poisoning. In the same way, before food is sent, it must be tasted by eunuchs, which is called "tasting food". After these things were set, before I sat down, a little eunuch shouted "hit the bowl cover", and four or five other little eunuchs began to take off the silver cover on each dish and put it in a big box. So I started eating.
The so-called "the abbot eats first" and the so-called "jade eats everything", in the imagination of ordinary people, the chef's precious offering, even if it is not the dragon's liver and phoenix marrow in folklore, must be mixed with materials and everything; In cooking, frying and boiling are various. Actually, it's all wet.
Let's talk about materials first. They are tasteless, mainly pork, mutton, chickens and ducks, with little seafood and little fresh fish. Vegetarian ingredients, as well as mushrooms, cabbage, spinach, yam, kelp, radish, tofu, bean sprouts and so on. Not only is it inferior to the diet of river workers and salt merchants, but it is also more exquisite than the jade food above.
When it comes to cooking methods, it is even more crude. Most of them are stewed in advance, put in the yellow sand bowl, put on the iron plate, burn with charcoal, cover the iron plate, and then rekindle with charcoal, so the yellow sand bowl keeps boiling. With a cry of "pass the rice", the caterer quickly removed the iron plate, knocked over the dishes in the royal porcelain yellow sand bowl, and covered them with silver.
Is this dish delicious? Of course it's not delicious; Actually, I don't eat at all. So what to eat? Puyi said:
I can't believe I ate the food sent by the queen mother. After the death of Empress Dowager Cixi, there will be four toffs, because both Empress Dowager Cixi and the toffee have their own dining rooms, and all of them are made by senior chefs. The dishes made are delicious, and there are always 20 kinds for each meal. This is the dish in front of me. Everything in the chef is far away, just for show.
Since the Kangxi era, the small kitchen system has prevailed. After Cixi listened to politics, it became more and more fierce, and the imperial dining hall became like a wart, but no one dared to abolish it. The mentality handed down by the Ministry of Internal Affairs is that there are no examples that cannot be promoted, and there are examples that cannot be destroyed. What's more, the imperial dining hall is a serious system, and the imperial dining hall is a big official of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
When it comes to living, the empress dowager's concubines all have their own owners. Theoretically speaking, the emperor lived in Gan Qing Palace, the queen lived in Kunning Palace, the empress dowager lived in Cining Palace to the west of hall of mental cultivation, the emperor's father lived in Ningshou Palace to the east of Dongliugong, and the concubines lived in Dongliugong around Kunning Palace, also known as Yiting. But this is not necessarily the case.
Let's start with the emperor. The reason why Kunning Palace can't live in people is as mentioned above; Since the reign of Sejong, except Mu Zong, who stayed here alone because of anger, all the other emperors just waited in vain and moved the body to this "right bed", so they didn't stay here much before they died. Where do you live? Live in Yangxin Hall.
Hall of mental cultivation is in the right front of Gan Qing Palace. Since the early years of Yongzheng, it has become the emperor's living room and a place to deal with things. Jiaqing seven-year renovation. In addition to the East-West Warm Pavilion, there are two houses behind hall of mental cultivation. The famous "Sanxi Hall" is connected with Xinuange. In addition, there are pavilions such as Sui 'an Room, Wu Xunzhai, Meiwu Room, Jianshi Room and Youyuzhai. The queen lives in Sui 'an Room, opposite the emperor's bedroom in the east.
The place where the concubines live is the people who like to read the stories in the palace. Generally speaking, Dongliu Gongbao retains the legacy of the Ming Dynasty and has not changed much. There are many more in the West Sixth Palace. Let's start with the East Sixth Palace.
The East Sixth Palace is divided into two rows, with three in each row: the first row is Ren Jing Palace, Chenggan Palace and Zhongcui Palace from south to north, and the east of these three palaces is Yan Xi Palace, Yonghe Palace and Jingyang Palace from south to north. One of the most famous is Yonghe Palace, where Tian Guifei lived in the late Ming Dynasty. Wu Meicun's Poem of the Lama Temple is full of ups and downs, sadness and stubbornness. Coincidentally, Yulong, the last empress of the Qing Dynasty, also lived in Yonghe Palace. After Yulong collapsed, Princess Duan Kang entered Yonghe Palace, and Duan Kang was Princess Guangxu.
Before Yulong, Mu Zong's first mother, Empress Dowager Ci 'an, lived in Zhongcui Palace, which is the origin of being called "Dong Taihou".
The regulations of the West Sixth Palace are the same as those of the East Sixth Palace, but they have been changed repeatedly since the Ming Dynasty. The first row is Yongshou Palace, Yikun Palace and Palace of Gathered Elegance, and the second row is Qixiang Palace, Changchun Palace Palace and Xianfu Palace. Yongshou Palace and Xianfu Palace remain unchanged, while Yikun and Chuxiu, Qixiang and Changchun have all merged and their names have been changed.
Yikun Palace is the residence of Empress Dowager Cixi, where Mu Zong was born. When it merged with Palace of Gathered Elegance, Chuxiumen was demolished and the original site was converted into a gymnasium; Palace of Gathered Elegance was behind the house, and later Qiu Hong, Queen of Xuan Tong, lived here. There are wings before and after the two palaces, and the back wing to the east of Yikun Palace is called Pingkang Room. I don't know which emperor asked, but it's strange that the word "Pingkang" should be called "one word".
After the second row of Qixiang Palace merged with Changchun Palace, Qixiang Palace was renamed Taiji Hall; Changchun Gate was demolished and the Sports Institute was rebuilt. Qixiang Palace was originally named Weiyang Palace. Xing, the biological father of Sejong in the Ming Dynasty, was born here, so it was renamed Qixiang Palace, and lived by Princess Mu in the late Qing Dynasty.
Empress Dowager Cixi lived in Changchun Palace after returning to China, and later Li Wenxiu, the concubine of Xuan Tong, also lived here. Changchun Palace is characterized by a "Dream of Red Mansions" painted around the cloister. The west wing is called the West Hall, and there is a shrine to the sage, which is a place for reading literary embroidery.
Wenxiu wrote a short article called Deer in Jingyuan, which said that "wild animals don't live at home" and Lu Yuan lost his freedom. "Prisoners who are still in prison can't come out unless they are pardoned". The conclusion is: "Zhuang Ziyun: His life is worse than death, dragging his tail in the mud, whether it is bone or expensive." In the twentieth year of the Republic of China, when Puyi was still in Tianjin, Wenxiu asked for a divorce, which became a sensational news and got her wish. And she has a brother who published an open letter to Wenxiu in Tianjin Business Daily, saying: "Emperor Man Yunxun didn't abuse you; Even if you are abused, you must endure death. " He added, "I was a little strict with you in Zhongzong Palace and refused to pretend to be a prostitute. However, it is my responsibility to catch you. " These wonderful sketches have been talked about for some time.
The Chinese Palace behind Changchun Palace has been an important place for emperors to live since Qianlong. When Yongzheng was in power, the prince did not care about state affairs, the emperor sealed the treasure, and lived in Huagong after marriage; After the emperor ascended the throne, Zhonghua Palace became a "secluded house" and was greatly decorated. There is a reverence hall with the title "Leshan Hall"; When Emperor Gaozong was a prince, he printed a collection of poems called Leshan Tangji. The story of Zhong Hua Palace, however, has two reporters, History of Imperial Palace in Past Dynasties:
On the first day of December every year, Chen Long, the eunuch of Mao Qin Palace, wrote a piece of paper and a large amount of ink, and waited in China Palace. With the pen of "a lifetime of blessings", there are more than ten blessings in the book, which are hung in various palaces. Of course, the governor sent a letter and gave it a seal. On 15th and 6th, imperial envoys and guards were summoned to the Chinese Palace. On 26th and 7th, Wang,, Imperial Palace Hanlin, etc. Called to Gan Qing Palace to pray.
Press: When greeting courtiers, there is a ceremony: the emperor sits facing south and writes a greeting; The giver knelt down in the north, and Yu Bi began to kneel down and kowtow. After writing, the two eunuchs removed the word "Fu" from the trustee and put it on the ground to wait for the ink to dry, which was called "a blessing to the whole body".
"Xiao Ting Miscellanies" say again:
On the third day after New Year's Day in Qianlong period, the gifted scholar Wang was ordered to hold a banquet in China Palace, giving tea by play, imitating Bailiang system, and everyone ordered a couplet to celebrate wealth. Regard the seat as a decree, and order the ministers to make peace with it. After that, I thought it was an ordinary gift.
There is a Chinese Palace stage in the east, and there are five open halls in front of it, which are called Fang Zhai. After the coup, the two palaces hung curtains and took Shu Fangzhai as the "house". After retiring from the DPRK, they took care of things and ate here. There is a play every month. At that time, the two palaces were in harmony, relying on the king outside and protecting the young emperor inside. Although they are orphans and widows, they are rich. The so-called "revival of the same light" is actually only a few years in Shufangzhai.
In addition, to the east of Dongliugong is Ningshou Palace, which was originally inhabited by Empress Dowager Cixi and rebuilt in the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong to prepare for her abdication after returning to politics. After 60 years of Qianlong, Yongding is the resting place of the emperor's father. Cixi also lived in Ningshou Palace in her later years. The main reason is that Ningshou Palace has a three-story stage called Yin Changting, which is convenient for Cixi to "spread the drama".
Opposite Ningshou Palace are Cining Palace to the west of Nishimiya No.6, Shou Kang Palace to the west of Cining Palace and Shouan Palace behind Shoukang Palace. The history of the national dynasty palace;
The emperor honored the holy grandmother as the empress dowager and the virgin as the empress dowager. They lived in Cining Palace, Shoukang Palace and Ningshou Palace respectively, and served the imperial concubine and the imperial concubine equally.
Shou Kang, Shou 'an and other palaces were occupied by concubines and maids with the titles of "Changchang" and "Wuji". In the palace, these people belong to a forgotten group, so it is not far to call Shoukang and Shouan a cold palace.
When it comes to travel, the emperor went to the police station by sedan chair, ranging from the "jade chariot" carried by 64 people to the soft sedan chair carried by two eunuchs in the palace. After all, there are not many opportunities for the emperor to leave the palace, so there is no need to elaborate; The situation of "walking" in the palace is quite interesting. As recorded by Puyi, it is a consistent rule; Wherever the emperor went, there were dozens of people crowding round:
In front is a respectful eunuch. He plays the role of a car horn, and his mouth sounds "eat-eat-"from time to time, warning people to avoid it before it is too late. Twenty or thirty paces behind him, two eunuchs were in charge, marching forward on both sides of the road; About ten steps later, it is the center of the line (me or the queen mother). If you are sitting in a sedan chair, there is a little eunuch on each side holding the sedan chair pole to accompany you, so as to take care of you at any time; If it is on foot, they will help you. Behind this, there is a eunuch holding a big umbrella. A few steps behind the umbrella, a large group of eunuchs were holding various objects with their bare hands: some were resting at any time with hemp, some were changing clothes at any time, and some were holding umbrellas and umbrellas.
Behind these imperial eunuchs, there are eunuchs in the imperial teahouse, holding a number of boxes containing all kinds of snacks and tea. Of course, there are hot water bottles, tea sets and so on. Behind them are eunuchs in the imperial palace pharmacy, who carry the burden and carry all kinds of standing small medicines and first-aid medicines. The main ones are Deng Xin water, chrysanthemum water, reed root water, bamboo leaf water and bamboo shavings water. In summer, regardless of seasons, there must be Huoxiang Zhengqi Pill, Liuhe Zhong Ding Pill, Jinyi Qushu Pill, Wanying Yuanbao, Anyi and Piwen Powder.
There's a eunuch in the back with a urinal. Don't take the sedan chair, the sedan chair will follow at the end. Sedan chairs can be divided into warm sedan chairs and cool sedan chairs according to seasons.