I'm about to subscribe to next year's newspaper. I looked through the newspaper subscription catalogue and saw three sentences in the composition theme advertisement of one of the newspapers: 1 Provide rice for cooking (quickly find writing materials), 2. How to cook (how to use materials to write a composition), and 3. How to make rice sweet and delicious (make a classic essay according to the materials).
These three sentences are very vivid and summarize the main process of composition in simple words. This is an aspect for reference. On the other hand, I am thinking that these three points of advertising are indeed enlightening, but they also seem to have limitations. First, the words "provide rice for the pot" and "provide" are somewhat doubtful: for students' compositions, will the pot be full of rice and empty next time? The second point "How to cook rice into rice" seems to be the same as the third point "How to make rice sweet and delicious".
At the same time, by extension, the "rice" in the diet is the foundation, and the "dish" is of course the key; By extension, not only rice and kitchen are indispensable. This comes down to three new aspects: first, how to collect the main ingredients of food (looking for composition materials); Second, how to use the seasoning with good taste (to make the composition thoughtful); Third, how to learn from popular recipes (to make the composition literary).
From this point of view, I think there are three elements in composition: first, content, second, thought and third, form. I'm afraid these three points are not very clear in teaching. For example, I read an adult college entrance examination counseling article, suggesting that composition review "content, language and chapter" is a trinity, saying that the three elements are indispensable. For another example, the scoring standard of the development level of Chinese composition in the general college entrance examination puts forward four aspects: "profundity, richness, literary talent and innovation".
The content of adult college entrance examination is similar to that of ordinary college entrance examination for "richness", which is consistent with what I said here; The two aspects of "language and writing" in adult college entrance examination are similar to the requirements of "literary talent" in ordinary college entrance examination, and are consistent with the "form" I said here; However, the "profundity" in the ordinary college entrance examination lacks its counterpart in the adult college entrance examination. In fact, it is a part of the "content" of the adult college entrance examination, which is consistent with the "thought" I said here. In terms of "innovation" of the general college entrance examination, there seems to be no corresponding content here, but it is actually a higher requirement for the first three aspects.
It can be seen that the broad content includes "content" and "thought", which is an extension of the concept of content used in adult college entrance examination counseling articles; However, the correspondence between language and writing and broad content should be said to be unreasonable, thus reducing the status of the theme and conception of the composition. Compared with the literary form of the article, the ideological significance of the article should be no less; At the same time, the ideological significance of an article should not be compared with the content selection.
"The mountain is not high, and there is a fairy name; The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. " Mountains and water are like the form of articles, birds and fish are like the content of articles, and immortals and dragons are like the ideas of articles. Why do you want to combine the three? Because there are no gods and dragons, no matter how many birds and fish, no matter how beautiful mountains and waters are, they all lack the air they deserve. Mountains and water are just the foundation, birds and fish are just the foundation, and immortals and dragons are the essence. Carp yue longmen, the ugly duckling becomes a white swan, which is sublimation; The finishing touch is a typical combination of form, content and thought.
I think that if we can't fully understand the three elements of composition, composition teaching may continue to be touched by the blind. Here, perhaps the purpose, clarity and accuracy of my understanding of cattle can help us to teach composition better; However, decomposition alone is not enough. We still need a flight of stairs, and we also need other mountains to look short under the sky ... so that the composition can get out of the maze and win the commanding heights.
2. Composition Writing Three Elements of Composition It's already half past six, and it's still bright.
The wind is blowing hard, and the leaves are dancing desperately. The grass actually wants to learn from the leaves, but after all, it is early spring, and the grass has not grown tall, so it cannot achieve the effect of swaying with the wind.
I can only look at the invisible wind in the air and sigh. The leaves are laughing.
In a blink of an eye, half a month passed. It's half past six, and it's another gust of wind. The leaves began their unique passionate dance again, twisting like that.
The grass spread out and only swayed gently with the wind. It feels the wind! It struggled to raise its head, trying to feel the presence of the wind and its touch.
But because it was too short, the wind flew away from it without mercy. The leaves smiled again.
After another month and a half, the grass has grown very high. It looks forward to the wind at half past six.
The wind seems to have arrived as promised. The wind roared past, and this time the wind was stronger than the previous ones.
The grass feels the wind in its ear, but strangely, why can't it dance? The leaves are still jumping wildly, and the original trees are growing, blocking the wind. The grass is angry, and he is brewing a plan in his heart ... In late spring, the grass grows tall, but the tree blocks it.
The wind is coming! How strong! ! The grass feels the wind! It shouted in its heart, "Wind!" There you are at last! I must feel you today! "Whistling in the wind. There is no wind around the grass.
Suddenly, the grass seems to have grown a lot taller. No, it flew out, it broke free from the bondage of the soil! Feel the wind! ! The wind is still blowing relentlessly and the grass has flown away. It cried in a language that no one could understand: "Ah, the wind! I feel you! I feel you! " On the horizon, a grass flies over; On the ground, a tree looked blankly at the sky.
3. Writing outline: 1. Center 3. Briefly summarize the main contents (points) 4. Writing method 5. Material 1. Title outline This kind of outline is relatively simple, and only the title of the paragraph is written. This is a title composition outline, with concise words to mark the main points of the paragraph. It is characterized by concise words and fast speed. Suitable for people who are familiar with the writing content or have a tight time. However, for beginners, it is difficult to guide the composition. Edit paragraph 2. The outline of the main points is more detailed, which means not only indicating the center of the composition, but also writing the general content of the composition; At the same time, it is necessary to explain the details of the article. Edit paragraph 3. Requirements for writing an outline 1. Examining questions, centering and selecting materials are the basis of writing a good composition. Writing an outline should be carried out in three orders: examining the topic, establishing the center and selecting materials. Writing topics generally stipulate the scope of writing (taking notes, writing scenes, writing objects, etc.). ) and. Therefore, only by examining the questions, can we make clear what to write and how to write it, and avoid the problem of irrelevant and off-topic. The central idea is the soul of an article. When writing an outline of a composition, only by establishing the center can we focus on selecting materials, determining the key points, arranging details and so on. When selecting materials, we should pay attention to closely surrounding the central idea of the article and choose authentic, fresh and interesting materials, so that the central idea of the article can be clearly and profoundly reflected. Be concise and achieve the purpose of writing. Edit this paragraph. 4. Outline narrative composition: 1. Outline 1. Reason two. Process 3. Result 2. Main content 3. Edit this paragraph with the central idea. You should pay attention to the following 1. First write down the content of the idea, that is, the central idea of the argument or the theme of the narrative, and then write out the main material tips to be used in each paragraph according to this idea; The detailed arrangement of each paragraph and the writing method to be used in each paragraph. This can make the thinking smooth, the text structure complete and the details appropriate. 3. Outline structure. Take narrative as an example. There are four bases: ① According to the process of things (beginning, process and result). ② According to the turning point of time (early, middle and late). What to do in the end) draw up. (4) according to the transformation of space (such as at home, on the road, at school). (4) The tone of the outline need not be carefully selected, as long as it can be understood. Even if there are sick sentences, missing words and typos, it should be put into formal writing to ponder. Detail contour and simple contour are divided into details. The simplest outline is called a first-class outline. A more detailed outline is called a first-level outline. A very detailed outline is a three-level outline. A simple outline: you can use a sentence, a phrase or a mark as a hint for the main paragraph. Remind yourself not to leave out minor parts. Edit this paragraph. 6. Outline example "Dad is asleep" (narrative) The first paragraph: Write that Dad will go to the park with our family. The second paragraph: Write that Dad is a funny and desperate person at work. The third paragraph: Write that Dad fell asleep in the park. The first paragraph of "Pride Makes People Backward" (argumentative essay) puts forward an argument. The second paragraph: demonstrate the argument with examples from all over the world. The third paragraph: further illustrate the argument with examples. The fourth paragraph: Conclusion The above two simple first-level outlines can only give a rough outline of the full text. It is generally uncertain to start writing according to such an outline. If you want to type it from beginning to end,
4. What are the three elements of a composition? Explanatory writing is a style with explanation as its main expression.
It is a scientific explanation of the nature, characteristics, functions and uses of objective things. It doesn't pay attention to narration, description and lyricism like narrative, nor does it pay attention to clarifying opinions and refuting fallacies like argumentative.
Explanatory writing can increase people's knowledge and skills by explaining objective things. So, how to write a good essay? First, grasp the characteristics of things. Whether an explanatory article is well written mainly depends on whether it captures the characteristics of things and whether it gives readers a concrete and clear understanding.
For example, when you visit the zoo, you should introduce giraffes to young readers. What are the main characteristics of giraffes? Fast running speed and beautiful stripes are not unique characteristics of giraffes.
The main feature of giraffe is its long neck. It is the tallest animal in the world. The female deer is more than four meters high and the male deer is about five meters high. The highest record is 5.78 meters. It has four thin and long legs and a particularly long neck.
Surprisingly, it has only seven cervical vertebrae, the same number as human cervical vertebrae. The giraffe's seven cervical vertebrae are lined up, and this is its long neck. The length of each cervical vertebra can be imagined.
Only by writing these clearly can we grasp the main characteristics of giraffes, which is also a better discussion. Otherwise you don't understand.
So, how to grasp the characteristics? First, observe carefully. The article is a reflection of objective things, and only by in-depth and meticulous observation can we see things clearly.
Liu Wei, a student from Zhengzhou No.7 Middle School, Henan Province, wrote an expository article about the butterfly, including its species, shape, living habits, why it can't fly in the morning, and what harm it does to crops. This explanatory article was selected as a teaching material by some schools.
Why did Wei write such a good article? This is because he usually has a strong interest in biology, so he can practice it by himself and observe it carefully. In two years, he made more than 400 specimens, including more than 300 specimens of Papilio, a total of five or six species.
When talking about his own experience, he wrote: "The individual of insects is very small, especially the head structure is difficult to observe. I borrowed a magnifying glass from my teacher. I observed a wide range of things, including butterflies, bees, locusts, dragonflies, mosquitoes, flies and so on. There are willow leaves, buttonwood leaves, elm leaves, Sophora leaves and so on. There are also grass leaves, flowers and trees ... I often carry a magnifying glass, pen and notebook with me. When I go to school and go to the park to play, I take time to make some observations and write down the main observations. "
Secondly, we should consult the information. We can't experience everything personally, and the explanatory text requires accurate features and informative materials, which requires consulting relevant materials and verifying them with the experience summarized by predecessors.
For example, a middle school student studying in Changsha traveled to Beijing, visited the Forbidden City and wanted to introduce him to his classmates. So, he not only wrote down the impression of his visit, but also bought a "Tourist Map of the Forbidden City" and a "Top Ten Places of Interest in Beijing" to understand the history, geographical location and architectural features of the Forbidden City.
In this way, he knew: "The Forbidden City, also known as the Forbidden City, was the imperial palace of China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties with a history of more than 500 years. The whole Miyagi is rectangular, with an area of 720,000 square meters, more than 70 palaces and more than 9,000 houses.
Surrounded by a wall more than ten meters high, outside the wall is a moat more than fifty meters wide. At the four corners of the city wall, there is an exquisite turret.
The Forbidden City complex is large in scale and unified in layout. In the early Ming Dynasty, hundreds of thousands of craftsmen and millions of laborers were used to build this Miyagi.
The Forbidden City is the crystallization of the sweat and wisdom of the ancient working people in China. "These specific figures and architectural features mentioned above are naturally difficult to master without consulting the necessary information.
Finally, learn to compare. Things in the world are very different, different things have different characteristics, and even one thing has its own characteristics.
There are no two identical leaves in the world. Twin brothers, no matter how much they look alike, can be distinguished.
Grasping the characteristics of things means grasping the different characteristics of this thing from other things, finding individuality from commonness and particularity from commonness. The characteristics of things are often shown in comparison with other things.
For example, to show that China is a big country, the word "big" is very learned. You can directly say that China has an area of 9.6 million square kilometers, or you can explain it by comparison.
Compared with France, the area of China is seventeen times larger than that of France. Compared with Japan, there are twenty-five Japan; Compared with Britain, there are thirty-nine in Britain; The area of our motherland is equivalent to the whole of Europe. This contrast is concrete, vivid and convincing.
In short, we should grasp the characteristics of the object of interpretation, on the one hand, by personal practice and careful observation, on the other hand, we should be good at learning from books and experienced people, and at the same time, we should think carefully. Learn to compare and try to be familiar with what you want to explain.
Second, the explanation should be organized. To write a good explanation, we should not only grasp the characteristics of things, but also grasp the organization of things themselves. Explaining things according to their own organization is to sort out clues from complex situations and clarify the characteristics of things and the relationship between different parts of things. The so-called explanation is organized, that is, the writing clues should be clear and the levels should be clear, and I can't think of where to start.
If you write backwards, the clues of the article will be disordered and unclear. Mr. Ye Shengtao wrote an explanatory article about cloisonne making, and paid great attention to the organization of the article.
The author grasped five key processes: tire making, silk cutting, painting, firing and polishing, and explained the production and principle of each process in detail. Tight structure and clear organization.
There are two kinds of expository texts, one is to explain specific things, such as introducing a new variety; One is to explain abstract things, such as "What is the world?" . However, both concrete and abstract things have their own characteristics and structures. As long as we follow the laws of things and explain them in a certain order, the order will be clear.
Articles explaining specific things can be written from top to bottom, from front to back, from outside to inside, from main to secondary, so that readers can easily understand the relationship between the parts. For example, you have learned the article "Tbilisi Underground Printing Factory".
What are the three elements of writing? I don't know what the landlord wants to know, writing or writing a good composition.
Let me try to answer, three elements of writing a good composition!
There are three levels in writing a good composition: outer layer, inner layer and deep layer!
Outer layer: text, language! Du Fu once said: "If you want to be a sex addict, you have to say it!" That's the truth.
Inner layer: images (characters, environment, psychology) can also be narrowly understood as "stories", in the novel genre.
Deep: artistic conception, meaning. For example: what to express, what to praise and what to criticize. These are the souls of literature.
In short, learn to write well, observe more, think more, and live!