Basic introduction Chinese name: Cheng Shunze alias: protecting parents and pet children, thinking about martial arts and thinking about buddhist nun Nationality: Zhongshan State (Ryukyu State) Nationality: Birthplace of Ryukyu Nationality: Chengjia, Naba Jiumi Village Date of birth:1663165438+1October 27th Date of death:/kloc-.
One of the five great men of Ryukyu.
A representative work to promote the development of Confucianism in Ryukyu and Edo shogunate: Tang Xue's Salt Oil Grass. Honor: Protecting relatives and Ryukyu saints. Note: ㄔㄥˊ?ㄨˋˋˊㄗˊㄗㄗㄗ?ㄗㄗㄗㄗㄗㄗㄗㄗㄗㄗㄗㄗ125 Briefly introduce Cheng Shunze (1663. 1.27). -1735. 1. 1, that is, from October 28th, the second year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty to December 8th, the twelfth year of Emperor Yongzheng) Kangxi was born in Jiumi Village of Naha on October 28th, and was a descendant of "36 surnames" of Min people in the early Ming Dynasty. He is proficient in Chinese, a famous politician, writer, poet and master of Confucianism in Ryukyu, and a famous general translator with his father Cheng Taizuo. Ryukyu people call him "Ming Hu Qinfang", which is a place name, and "Qin Fang" means "master". Later generations even called him "Ryukyu Sage". Sitting statue of Cheng Shunze (Nagao City Museum, Okinawa) The early life of Cheng Shunze was born in the home of Cheng Kumei Village on 16631October 28th. According to the genealogy of Cheng's family, the ancestor of Cheng's famous officials was Cheng Fu, Regent of Sun Yat-sen State in Sanshan period, who came from Fujian, China, and was a descendant of the master of Henan. Later, due to the lack of heirs, Cheng gradually declined. Cheng Shunze's ancestor, whose real name is Yu, is a descendant of Yu Jianji, a master of Ryukyu in the Tang Dynasty (pro-cloud and real base in Beijing and Awan). Because Shang couldn't bear to let the Cheng family perish, he was ordered by Yu Bingxian, the fifth grandson of Jianji (a real house built outside) to inherit the Cheng family and change his name to Cheng Bingxian. Cheng Shunze's father, Cheng Taizuo, is the second son of Cheng Bingxian. Cheng Taizuo knows Confucianism well. He was the general manager of Ryukyu Kingdom and paid tribute to China twice. 16 10, Cheng Taizuo and Jin Zhonghua (Chiling Qinyun) also established the first Confucius Temple (called Zhisheng Temple) in the history of Ryukyu in Quanqi Village. Influenced by his father, Cheng Shunze showed a strong interest in Confucianism from an early age. According to Zheng (a relative of Wu Fu's ancestral home), Cheng Shunze "attached importance to children since childhood, and was kind and filial ... he respected human relations and religion." Through his own efforts, Cheng Shunze was a scholar in 1674 (the 13th year of Kangxi), and Fu Yuan was a scholar in 1676 (the 15th year of Kangxi), learning from Zheng Hongliang, the then master of Ryukyu Confucianism. The following year, Cheng Shunze inherited his father's supervisor position and the position of real stone carriage owner to store property. 1683 studying in Fuzhou, Cheng Shunze went to Qing with the Xie En delegation led by Wang Mingzuo, a Zijin doctor, and arrived in Beijing from Fuzhou. When Shane returned to Fuzhou as a missionary, Cheng Shunze stayed in Fuzhou Rouyuan Post Office, made a large number of scholars and studied under Confucianism. Cheng Shunze worshipped Zhu Tianzhi, a Confucian, as a teacher and devoted himself to studying Confucianism. In Zhu Tianzhi's residence, Cheng Shunze saw Liu Yanyuyi written by Fan Yan. Because the book is concise and easy to understand, Cheng Shunze is deeply attracted. Cheng Shunze stayed in Fujian for four years and returned to his hometown. 1687 (in the 26th year of Kangxi), because a merchant ship from Suzhou drifted to the seaside ravine between Shengli and Lianyuan, Cheng Shunze, Dr. Zheng Hongliang and Dr. Chang Shi Wang Kefa (in the state farm, pro-cloud) boarded the island and towed the ship to the ravine between Yucheng for repair. During this period, due to Cheng Shunze's thorough understanding of Confucianism, he gained the esteem of King Shang Zhen and became an interpreter who specifically explained the content and rationality of Confucianism. 1689 (in the 28th year of Kangxi), Cheng Shunze was appointed as the envoy to accept the tribute (on-site interpreter greeted the tribute boat), and Mao Wenshan (pro-cloud Jian 'ao) went to the Qing Dynasty again. In Fuzhou, Cheng Shunze studied Confucianism with Confucian scholar Chen. During his three years in Fuzhou, he spent twenty pieces of hardware, bought 1592 volume of Seventeen History, and donated all of it to Confucius Temple after returning home. 169 1 year, Cheng Shunze copied the imperial book "Stone Map of Zhongshan" written by Emperor Kangxi, made it into an imperial pen tablet, and hung it in the main hall of Ryukyu Village. In the same year, he became an interpreter in Wang Fu again. 1696, Cheng Shunze went to the Qing Dynasty to pay tribute to Datong, Beijing, with the eyes and ears officer Mao Tianxiang and the doctor Zheng Hongliang as tributes. After returning to Fuzhou, Cheng Shunze edited more than 80 China poems he wrote into a collection of poems, Wandering Grass in Tang Xue, and published it. This collection of poems became the representative of Chinese poetry in Ryukyu and was later introduced to Satsuma, Japan. Yuan Tan Kimura, a monk painter, attached a painting to each poem, which was named Sketch of Tang Xueyan's Tour. Formulating Ryukyu Official System and Etiquette Since 1703, Cheng Shunze, together with Zijin doctor Cai Duo (doctor of Zhiduobo) and Zhengyi doctor Cai Yingrui (minister of pro-cloud in Daejeon), recorded Ryukyu rank names in Chinese characters according to the pronunciation of Ryukyu language and reconstructed the official system at the same time. /kloc-In 0/706, he wrote the Official System of Zhongshan Palace and presented it to King Shang Zhen. At this point, the Ryukyu nine-product eighteen-order system was basically formed. At the same time, the three men also sorted out and verified the treasure cases of past dynasties. Cheng Shunze also referred to the etiquette system in China, and changed the time to congratulate the king on the winter solstice in Ryukyu to New Year's Day. He also improved the etiquette of Chaohe King, setting up a table of incense among his royal highness, arranging hundreds of officials on the left and right wings according to grades, setting up five-sided flags on the left and right sides of the mound, setting up colorful flags around his royal highness, setting up ceremonial ceremonies, and ringing golden drums to play Chinese music. "Wang worships the North Heaven first, and then climbs the temple to be congratulated." This improvement makes the tidal river in Ryukyu as spectacular as that in Qing Dynasty. Cheng Shunze's talent was appreciated by Ryukyu Palace. 1704, Cheng Shunze became the teaching assistant of Wang Shizi, Shang Chun and Wang Shangyi. Every dynasty, he taught four books, and every night, he taught Tang poetry. Shang Chun even lived with him in the Palace in Midtown (the East Palace in Ryukyu). Cheng Shunze served as an assistant lecturer for 20 months. Later, the two royal halls gave gifts every year, and King Shang Zhen gave them royal flowers and jade to show his gratitude. Studying China Culture 1706, Cheng Shunze went to the Qing Dynasty to pay tribute to Beijing with Ma Yuanxun (Gong Ping, Jinyun) as a doctor. 1708, Ryukyu Mission returned to Fuzhou and prepared to return to China. During his stay in Fuzhou, Cheng Shunze contributed 60 pieces of gold, carved a copy of Liu Yan Yu Yi and a copy of Gui De Guang Yi, and brought them back to China. He also spent a lot of money to buy an original copy of Zhu and gave it to Shang when he returned home. "Six Righteousness" is a popular Confucian book written by China scholar Fan Yan, which explains Ming Taizu's "Six Righteousness" in detail, and advocates that citizens should cultivate their morality, respect their parents, respect their elders, live in harmony with their village, and teach their children and grandchildren to be healthy and not to do anything wrong. This book has a great influence on Ryukyu Confucianism. 1732, Cai Wen, the official of the Third Division of Ryukyu, compiled Ryukyu Textbook Imperialism with reference to Yan Yu Liu Yi. Introduction is a maritime work written by Cheng Shunze. Cheng Shunze compiled this book by referring to the navigation books of Qing Dynasty handed down from Jiumi Village, combining the practical experience of conferring envoys and tribute ship pilots in previous dynasties, and referring to a large number of astronomical, meteorological and geographical classics. The book recorded a large number of important materials such as geography, astronomy and meteorology, which became an essential guide for Ryukyu sailors later. 17 10 (forty-nine years of Kangxi), Cheng Shunze became an assistant of Shang, explaining Chunqiu and Zhenguan politicians. 17 14, Cheng Shunze, Shang Jian (Jorge Yonashiro Wang Zichao Zhi Zhi) and Shang Yongtai (Prince Jin Wu Chao You) went to Edo to celebrate Tokugawa's becoming a shogun. On my way to Kagoshima, Samoa, I visited Tsukiji Island, the main island of Samoa, and presented six Yan Yuyi to the main island. Because Cheng Shunze is famous for his talent, Shimadzu Jigui appreciated him very much and received him very ceremoniously. As Shimadzu Jigui will go to Edo to attend and explain, the emissary of Edo in Ryukyu will also go with him. During his stay in Edo, Cheng Shunze visited a large number of Japanese Confucian dignitaries, including Jing Baishi, Tuosheng Culai, Taizai Chuntai and others, and made friends. After this visit, these Japanese Confucians became interested in Ryukyu. 17 19, Xinjing Baishi began to study the history and folk customs of Ryukyu, and wrote the annals of South Island. Taizai Chuntai studied the subtle relationship between Ryukyu and Samoa. Cheng Shunze was treated with courtesy by many Japanese officials, including Regent Wei Jiaxi, Prince Schumann Gong Liang Yingfa, and Daiji Gongquan. After returning to Kagoshima, Shimadzu Jigui invited Cheng Shunze to watch the sketch of Tang Xueyan's tour painted by Yuan Tan Kimura and wrote an inscription on it. When the edo emissary returned to China, Shimadzu Jigui tried his best to keep him. Cheng Shunze's Liu Yan Yu Yi was presented to the shogunate by Shimadzu Jigui. Later, Ito Tokugawa ordered Hattori to translate it into Japanese, which was widely circulated in Japan as a temple textbook. When Mingluntang was founded, Ryukyu advocated Confucianism, but all of them were educated independently by aristocratic families, and there was no real public educational institution. Wang Ji and Lin put forward the idea that Mr. Wang should give lectures in Confucius Temple in the Annals of Zhisheng Temple. Therefore, in 17 18, Cheng Shunze proposed to the merchants to set up a public educational institution-Minglun Hall in Zhisheng Temple. Mingluntang is the earliest public educational institution in Ryukyu. It takes Mandarin as the teaching language, explaining the contents of Confucian classics and the drafting methods of poems, scripts and diplomatic documents. On the other hand, an educational institution of Beijing Putonghua was set up in Princess Palace of Heaven to teach students to read in plain English. The establishment of Minglun Hall laid the foundation for the Confucian education in Ryukyu. Correcting Weights and Measures At that time, the weights and measures in Ryukyu were different from those in China, and there were two more stones in Ryukyu than in China. 17 19, the fleet of Hai Bao and Xu Baoguang came to Ryukyu, and Shang Jing was crowned king. In the trade between Ryukyu Wang Fu and the conferring mission, Ryukyu officials used Ryukyu weights and measures, which made the entourage of the conferring mission dissatisfied. Cheng Shunze invited merchants to unify domestic weights and measures with Chinese weights and measures to avoid unnecessary troubles in the trade of conferring titles. Cheng Shunze eulogized the tablet at Zhisheng Temple in Naha, Okinawa today, 1720. Cheng Shunze went to pay tribute to Longyi (Fu Sheng's relative Juck Zhang) in Qing Dynasty with his uncle. When Cheng Shunze passed by Jiangnan, he saw Selected Poems of Qing Dynasty compiled by Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. Selected Poems of Huang Qing contains poems of famous ministers, scholars and literati in Qing Dynasty, as well as excellent poems of Korea, Annan and Ryukyu. Among Ryukyu's poems, there are poems by Wang Shizi Shang Chun, Regent Wang Shang (Zi Chaoliang) and many Ryukyu officials below the official department. Cheng Shunze was very happy to see that the Qing Dynasty poetry anthology included a large number of Ryukyu poems, and immediately bought dozens of Selected Poems of Huang Qing at his own expense, each with 30 volumes. After returning home, he presented a painting to the academy in Wang Fu, a painting to the Confucius Temple and a painting to the evaluation institute. The rest are presented to teachers and friends in recognition of their historical achievements and the promotion of Confucian culture. Influenced by his father, Cheng Shunze admired Confucius and Confucianism. 1706 (forty-five years of Kangxi) In November, he went to Beijing to pay tribute and served as a tribute doctor. After the missionary work, in September of the following year, he went to Qufu, Shandong Province to pay homage to Confucius' former residence and Confucius' holy tomb, and made three kneeling and nine knocking gifts. After returning to China, Cheng Shunze deeply felt that although the Ryukyu Confucius Temple was built, it lacked a place to spread Confucianism. Therefore, in 17 18 (the 57th year of Kangxi), he called for the establishment of the "Minglun Hall", with the east and west of the Confucius Temple as the school buildings, recruiting children from Wang Fu and Jiumi Village to teach, and hiring experts who are proficient in Confucian studies and government students who have returned from studying in imperial academy, China. Mingluntang thus became the earliest national school in Ryukyu and the educational center for spreading Confucianism. Cheng Shunze "teaches as a member of Dr. Zijin, inspects students' laziness in the lecture hall every Wednesday, Saturday and September, and also manages China's visit to the public hall and counselor's gifts"; "In Jiumi Village, no matter doctors, generalists or generalists, choose a person who is proficient in arts and sciences as an interpreter" and "choose a person who reads sentences in detail as an exegetical teacher". In addition to children from Wang Fu and Kumi Village, many students from other places in Ryukyu came to Mingluntang to seek talents, which greatly promoted the spread of Confucian culture in Ryukyu. Cheng Shunze's thought of respecting Confucianism and teaching has a far-reaching influence on Ryukyu education. 1798 (the third year of Jiaqing), Wang Shangwen of Ryukyu Kingdom ordered the establishment of "Chinese Studies" and "Rural Studies". Sinology is located in Longtan, north of Juri, and its enrollment targets are mainly the children of gentry and well-dressed children in Juri, while rural studies are designed for the children of ordinary Ryukyu people, thus greatly popularizing Ryukyu education. King Shang Wen also taught his students and made academic rules. "Dong exhorts students all over the world to learn their talents for life", and requires students to take Confucianism as the essence, "correct their names", "benevolence", "filial piety", "establish their deeds first, put their skills behind them", "practice hard, sharpen their skills and be honest and loyal to their duties", and Guo is close to others. I almost passed the exam and rushed to talk about absurdity. "At the same time, Wang Shangwen also clearly stipulates that regardless of origin, students' grades will be used as the basis for their rewards and punishments. "From then on, no matter whether they are poor or not, as long as they are diligent in their studies and preach for the country, I will follow their example. If I don't check my spare time and follow clear training, I will retire, even though I am a descendant of the nobility. " Since then, the atmosphere of respecting Confucianism and education in Ryukyu has become increasingly strong, and many villages have donated money to set up schools and "promote education". In 1838 (the 18th year of Daoguang), the Shangyu King of Ryukyu issued an edict: "I want to build a Confucian temple, and then build a Confucian temple.". The New Confucius Temple is centered on the most holy master, and is dominated by Yan Zi, Ceng Zi, Zi Si and Mencius. Every spring and autumn, the wise king visits the Confucius Temple, and the sacrifice of Confucius has been enduring for a long time. Cheng Shunze also made outstanding contributions in spreading Confucianism and doctrine to the Ryukyu royal family. 1704 (forty-three years of Kangxi), served as assistant to Shi Zi Shang Chun and Sun Shi Shang Yi, and taught four books in the morning and Tang poetry in the evening, which lasted for twenty months. 17 10 (forty-nine years of Kangxi), after Shang acceded to the throne, he served as an assistant, explaining Chunqiu and Zhenguan dignitaries to Shang. 1708 (forty-seven years of Kangxi) During his stay in China, he bought a volume of Zhu's Mo Bao at Tianjin Book Fair-"ChristianRandPhillips Hanyuan Tu Chuan Ye, Spring Newspaper South Bridge and Overlap", and presented it to Wang after returning home, "Wang Gui, ordered his son Sun Shicang to keep it". Developing Sino-Ryukyu Relations Cheng Shunze visited China four times, studied and lived in Fuzhou for more than ten years, and wrote poems such as "Tang Xue Roaming Grass". Generalized guidance is another important work. According to 1683 (twenty-second year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty), when Wang Ji and Lin Lin Huochang of Putian conferred the title of Ryukyu, the China helmsman on board conferred the title and gave it to the Ryukyu helmsman, and the book was later transferred to Cheng Shunze. On this basis, starting from 1708, Cheng Shunze compiled the "Introduction Guide" on the basis of the navigation needle route handed down by the descendants of Min people's 36 surnames, combined with the practical operation experience of conferring the helmsman of ships and tribute ships in previous dynasties, and extensively referred to various documents such as astronomy, meteorology and geographical classics. The Guide to Generalization, which confirmed Diaoyu Island as the territory of China, was published in Fuzhou and brought back to Ryukyu. This book not only expounds the round-trip needle route between China and Ryukyu in detail, but also records the important information about navigation in geography, astronomy and meteorology in detail, and becomes an indispensable guide for sailors to come to Ryukyu, China. It is worth noting that the book also contains many historical materials about Mazu belief, which has become a witness to the spread of Mazu belief in Ryukyu. The book "Introduction Guide" clearly records Diaoyutai, Huangweiyu and chiwei yu, and calls Kumi Mountain "Zhenshan on the southwest border of Ryukyu", which is equivalent to acknowledging that Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands belong to China. Cheng Shunze's personal works include several historical and geographical works and literary works besides editing documents related to the political system. Many of them are included in the family tree. Cheng Shunze's poem The Rise of Heqiong River and the Printing of Ryukyu Border Map According to Xu Baoguang's biography of Zhongshan, it is recorded that "the king ordered Cheng Shunze, a doctor of Zijin, to make a map with a strange diameter, and the direction of east, west, north and south was slightly determined." Although Cheng Shunze's drawings did not contain detailed information such as distance, local products and organizational system, Xu Baoguang also wrote a book on this basis. Inscription on rebuilding the former site of Linhai Bridge outside the gate of Naha Beibao Dike and Linhai Temple: An inscription introducing the history of the old dike and Linhai Bridge there. Inscription on the stone tablet of Lingxingmen Inner Courtyard, the sacred temple of Jiumei Village: This paper introduces the inscription of Ryukyu people who built a temple here to worship Confucius. Introduction to Temple Studies Volume 1: The book "Building temples to promote learning and exegeting famous teachers" after Confucianism was introduced into Ryukyu is introduced in detail. The first volume of Tang Xueyan with Grass is Cheng Shunze's poems of China. "Ji Rong Shi Zai" is a volume. Tang Xue Miscellaneous Group, vol. 1. The Ryukyu Kingdom created a volume of Guandi Temple. Evaluation and respect of later generations Xiang Tingyi (Eight Immortals in Musha) wrote in "Essays on Dongting": "Only Tang Rongcheng and Cai Gong are famous for their predecessors. Both of them have their own strengths, and they are virtuous and talented. " Xu Baoguang, the author of the biography of Cheng Shunze's elephant toy (height 13cm) in the second Shang Dynasty, commented on Cheng Shunze: "Persuade inspiration, pay attention to your words and deeds, be a doctor of Zijin, love the people and be clean, and don't spoil the interests. In his 70 s, on the day of his death, nothing was left outside the ledger, and the Chinese people are still arguing about it. " Lin, the deputy envoy, commented: "You can know a man by reading a poem, and you are worthy of his so-called hero." Since Cheng Shunze founded Minglun Hall, he brought back six copies of Yan Yuyi from China and spread them in Ryukyu and Japan, which made outstanding contributions to the popularization of Confucianism in the second Shang Dynasty in Ryukyu and Edo era in Japan. Cheng Shunze is on an equal footing with Ma, Xiang Xiangxian, Xiang Youheng, and is called one of the five great men of Ryukyu by Okinawa scholar Ibop. Cheng Shunze is still revered by Ryukyu people, and there is a prominent Cheng Shunze monument in the most sacred temple in Naha.