1. The word "so" has multiple meanings in junior high school classical Chinese.

"So" has the following meanings: 1. Indicates a causal relationship, often used together with "because". 2. This is used. 3 means "the reason of.". 4 means "the method of.". 5 real reasons, appropriate actions. For example: 1 The reason why this minister repays the late emperor and is loyal to His Majesty's duty is also ancient meaning: special. A noun phrase formed by combining the demonstrative pronoun "suo" and the preposition "yi", which is interpreted as "the cause of..." Today's meaning: Today it is used as a conjunction to express cause-and-effect relationships 2 Therefore, if you are tempted to endure, you will benefit what you can't do ( Ancient meaning: used to (come through that way) Modern meaning: a conjunction showing causal relationship) 3. The minister is the one who goes to relatives to serve the king (ancient meaning: the reason. Modern meaning: the conjunction of cause and effect) 4. Teacher, so Preaching, receiving karma and solving doubts (ancient meaning: used, relying on others. Modern meaning: abbreviated). 2. What does the classical Chinese high school entrance examination mean?

kao kǎo

Adjective

[1] (Phonetic character. From Laosheng, 丂 (kǎo) sound. According to oracle bone inscriptions , the bronze inscriptions are all like an old man walking with a stick on his back, which has the same meaning as old. Original meaning: old, old)

Same original meaning:

Test. , Lao Ye. ──"Shuowen"

The test of wealth and longevity. ──"New Book of Tang"

Another example: kaoshou (longevity); kaozu (test for the whole year); kao zuninian (enjoy the whole life)

kao kǎo

Noun

[2] The deceased father

The father is the test. ──"Erya"

Test your concubine's longevity. ──"Cangjie Chapter"

When he was born, he was called father, and when he died, he was called kao. ──"Book of Rites·Qu Li"

Kao Temple, Wang Kao Temple, Huang Kao Temple, Xian Kao Temple, Zu Kao Temple. ──"Book of Rites·Sacrifice"

The fifth day is called the final test. ──"Book·Hong Fan". According to the test, those who have descendants are called after them.

My emperor is called Boyong. ──"Chu Ci·Li Sao"

Another example: Kao Hei (the father is called Kao, and the mother is called Hei. In ancient times, they were called "Kao Hei" when they were alive; today, people call their dead parents Kao Hei.)

Kao kǎo

Verb

[3] Under the guise of "kao". tap.

There are bells and drums, but there are no drums and no tests. ──"Poetry·Tang Feng·Mountain Has a Pivot"

Gold and stone have sounds, but they do not sound without examination. ──"Zhuangzi·Heaven and Earth"

But those who are poor seek it by testing it with axes and pounds. ── Su Shi of the Song Dynasty, "The Story of Shizhong Mountain"

Another example: Kao Kao (beating); Kao Kao (the sound of beating drums)

[4] Pretended to be "copy". Torture

The five poisons are involved in the secluded prisoner's examination and plunder. ──"Book of the Later Han·Biography of Dai Jiu"

Another example: kaojing (whipping and torture; dying in prison after being tortured); kaosi (torture to death); kaosha (torture and killing) < /p>

[5] Check, test

A brief test of his behavior. ──Sima Qian's "Report to Ren An"

Another example: Kao comparison (check; verification); kaoyu (comments on the performance of officials)

[6] Review, inspection

What’s more, the name cannot be tested. ──Preface to Sun Wen's "Strategy of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang"

Another example: textual research (basis); Kao Zheng (verification of proof based on documentary materials); Kao Shen (careful investigation); Kao Xun ( Examine and explore; research and seek); Kao Dao (research and seek for the way to be respected); Kao Qiu (exploration and research)

[7] Completed; built

Kao Zhongzi's Palace. ──"Zuo Zhuan·Yin Gong Five Years"

Another example: kaoluo (completion; completion); kaocheng (completion; completion) 3. High School Entrance Examination Classical Chinese Translation

1. Key review

1. "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring"

2. "Inscription on the Humble Room"

3. "Three Gorges"

4. " "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple"

5. "Preface to the Delivery of Ma Sheng in Dongyang"

6. "The Story of Xiaoshitan"

7. "The Story of Yueyang Tower"

8. "The Drunkard Pavilion"

9. "The Chen She Family"

10. "Tang Ju Fulfilled His Mission"

12. "Born in Worry and Die in Peace"

13. "Fish I Want"

14. " "The Debate on Cao GUI"

15. "Zou Ji Satirized the King of Qi for Accepting Admonition"

2. Translation Skills

1. Don't read the text literally: understand the original text carefully and put the words into words Put it into the sentence to understand it, put the sentence into the article to understand it.

The "desperate situation" in "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring" in "He led his wife to come to this desperate situation" cannot be understood literally as "a situation with no way out". From the full text, "desperate situation" is "a place isolated from the world."

2. Implement the keywords: "Wolf" "One of the dogs is sitting in front", "dog" is a noun as an adverbial in the sentence, which means "like a dog".

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4. Literal translation is mainly used, and free translation is used when it is inconvenient to express: for example, "clearly detects the fine hairs", the literal translation is "can see clearly the new fine hairs on birds and animals in autumn", and should be free translated as "can see clearly very small hairs" "problem".

5. Some words can be omitted and not translated: particles generally only play a role in expressing mood, and most of them can be left untranslated; some particles express pauses and do not need to be translated; some words are only consonants. , may not be translated; some words are used for connection, and may not be translated. For example, "husband fights, courage", "husband" is a pronoun and may not be translated.

6. Place names, personal names, official names, and years. Words with the same ancient and modern meanings, such as Shangshu, Dashi, Shanyin (county), Zhengde period, etc., can be copied without translation.

7. Word order: Classical Chinese. There are postposition of introductory phrases, preposition of object, inversion of subject and predicate, postposition of attributive, etc. When translating, attention should be paid to adjusting according to the modern word order. For example, "The butcher is afraid, and the bones are thrown" ("Wolf") should be translated as "The butcher is afraid." "Throw the bones to the wolves (gnaw)".

8. Context: The translation should maintain the context of the original text, such as statements, praises, etc. should be unified. 4. Translation of various words in classical Chinese for high school entrance examination , something that needs to be tested frequently

Part 1: Pronoun 1. It can be used as a third-person pronoun, which can be used for people, things, or things.

Translated as "he (she) (they)". ", "it (them)", "this (thing)", etc., such as: ① The Duke took advantage of him and fought with a long spoon. ("Cao GUI's Theory of War") ② Chen Sheng assisted him and killed two lieutenants.

("Chen She Family") ③Meat eaters seek it. (2) As an auxiliary 1. Structural auxiliary, translated as "的", sometimes not translated.

For example: ① I try to seek the heart of the ancient benevolent people ("Yueyang Tower") ② Although it is impossible to detect the small and large prisons, it must be based on emotion.

("The Lun Zhan of Cao GUI") 2. Structural particles, Put it between the subject and the predicate, cancel the independence of the sentence, and do not translate it. For example: ① I love the lotus to come out of the mud without being stained.

("Ai Lian Shuo") ② I am the official of the king. Attacking the Song Dynasty is similar to this. ("Gongshu") 3. Syllable particles are used to adjust syllables and are generally not translated. For example: ① Gongjiang Guzhi.

("The Battle of Cao GUI") ② For a long time, the eyes seem to be at rest, and the mind is very idle. ("Wolf") ③The long-lasting regret ("The Family of Chen She") 4. Structural particles are a sign of the advance of the object.

For example: ① What is the crime of the Song Dynasty? The verb can be translated as "to" or "to go"

For example: The one who stopped farming on the ridge ("Chen She Family") (1) The structural particle is translated as "the person of...", "... "(thing)", "the situation of...", "the reason for...", etc. are equivalent to noun phrases. For example: ① Then he led his descendants and three husbands to carry the load, knocking on the rocks to cultivate the soil.

("The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain") ② If there is an adulterer and a loyal person, he should be punished and rewarded by a judge. ("Chu Shi Biao") ③ Those who live in Anling for fifty miles are just Mr. You.

("Tang Sui Fulfills His Mission") (2) Modal particles are used after the subject to express pause, and the predicate part usually ends with the word "ye" for judgment. For example: ① Beishan Foolish Old Man is ninety years old.

("The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain") ②Zhuge Kongming is also a crouching dragon. ("Longzhong Dui") It is mainly used as a conjunction and can express the following relationships: 1. Parallel relationship. It is generally not translated, but sometimes it can be translated as "you".

For example: ① If you review the past and learn the new, you can become a teacher. ("Ten Principles") ②The one with a crown of hair and many beards is Dongpo.

("Nuke Zhou Ji") 2. The relationship of inheritance can be translated as "Jiu", "Jiu", or not translated. For example: ①The captain's sword is straight, wide and wide, and he seizes and kills the captain.

("Chen She Family") ② Attack the enemy in a circle and be invincible. (The previous word "er" means the inheritance relationship) ("If you get the right way, you will get many help, but if you don't get the right way, you will get few help") 3. Turning relationship, translated as "but", "but", "but".

For example: ① I only love the lotus, which comes out of the mud but is not stained, and washes the clear ripples without being evil ("Shuo of Ai Lian") ② I want to believe in righteousness in the world, but my wisdom and skills are shallow. ("Longzhong Dui") ③ Attack in a circle and be victorious.

(The last word "er" indicates a turning relationship) ("If you get the right way, there will be many help, but if you lose the right way, there will be few help") 4. Progressive relationship, which can be translated as "and", "and", or not translated. For example: ① He often gets drunk after drinking too little, and he is the oldest in age, so he calls himself the drunkard.

("The Drunkard's Pavilion") ② Isn't it true that one should learn from time to time? ("Ten Principles") 5. To modify the relationship, it can be translated as "地", "Zhu", or not translated. For example: ① The wise old man laughed and stopped when the river meandered.

("The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain") (1) Pronoun 1. As a third-person pronoun, it can be translated as "he (her)", "his (her)", "they", "their" , "it", "they", "their". For example: ① Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones.

("Ten Principles") ② People have hundreds of hands, and their hands have hundreds of fingers, and they cannot point to one end. ("Float Skills") ③ Tu Da is in embarrassment, fearing that he will be attacked by enemies from both front and rear.

("Wolf") 2. Demonstrative pronouns can be translated as "that", "that", "those", and "there". For example: ① The person looks calm and calm, as if listening to the sound of tea.

("The Story of Nuclear Boat") ② Keep moving forward, hoping to exhaust the forest. ("Peach Blossom Spring") (2) It is used as an adverb at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence to express questions, guesses, rebuttals, wishes, etc. It often matches the modal particles placed at the end of the sentence and can be translated as "probably" or "probably". Maybe," "I'm afraid," "maybe," "how," "could it be."

① How are they like earth and rocks? ("The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain") ② Is there really no horse evil? In fact, I really don’t know about horses. ("Ma Shuo") (The former "Qi" can be translated as "Could it be", and the latter "Qi" can be translated as "I'm afraid") ③ Lord Anling, I wish you a good wife! ("Tang Sui Fulfills His Mission") (3) Use conjunctions to express assumptions, which can be translated as "if".

For example: If one’s work is not refined and one’s virtues are not perfected, it is because of his inferior nature, and his mind is not as expert as others. ("Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang") Use (1) as a preposition 1. Introduce the cause of the action, which can be translated as "because" or "due to".

For example: ① Don’t be happy with things, don’t be sad with yourself. ("Yueyang Tower") ② It is because the late emperor simply removed the emperor and left it to your majesty.

(The former "Yi" represents the reason, and the latter "Yi" represents the purpose) ("Shi Shi Biao") ③ Fusu used several admonishments and envoys to foreign generals. ("Chen She Family") 2. Introduce the conditions on which actions and behaviors rely, which can be translated as "relying on", "according to", "relying on", etc.

For example: ① If you don’t use food according to the right way, you will not be able to use it to its full potential. ("Horse Theory") ②With the remaining strength of the remaining years, I have never been able to destroy a hair on the mountain.

("The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountains") ③The people of the region do not rely on the boundaries of the frontier, the country does not rely on the dangers of mountains and rivers, and the power of the world does not rely on the benefits of military revolution. ("Chapter 2") 3. The way to express action behavior can be translated as "handle", "take", "use", etc.

For example: ①Slaughter fear and throw bones into it. ("The Painting of Wolf Hungry, Watching the Dui and Staring at Si Quehai") ② Then Xu Xiandi was allowed to drive away.

("Chu Shi Biao") (2) Conjunctions 1. To express purpose, equivalent to "come" in modern Chinese. For example: ① The intention is to enter the tunnel to attack the rear.

("Wolf") ②The legacy of the late emperor in light. ("Teacher's Biao") ③ It belongs to me to write down.

("Yueyang Tower") 2. It expresses the result and can be translated as "to" and "therefore". For example: ① It is not appropriate to belittle oneself, to use metaphors that are unjust, and to block the path of loyalty and admonishment.

("Departure from the Master") ② Before injuring the late emperor. ("Chu Shi Biao") (3) As a verb, it can be translated as "think".

For example: ① The late emperor did not think that his ministers were despicable, and he was in vain. ("Chu Shi Biao") Yan 1. Interrogative pronoun, which can be translated as "where".

For example: How can we place earth and rocks? ("The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain") 2. The interrogative particle at the end of the sentence can be translated as "what". For example: How can meat-eaters plan for this? ("The Debate on Cao GUI") 3. Pronoun, equivalent to "of."