The reason why the lotus leaves out of the mud without staining and is graceful and pure planting is related to the lotus leaf effect. The surface of lotus leaves is densely covered with wax-like protrusions with the size of only 10~ 15 micron, which can make the water falling on the leaves gather into round beads due to surface tension and take away the dirt on the leaves while rolling down. In fact, in addition to self-cleaning, the lotus leaf effect is more important to ensure the smooth breathing of lotus plants. Lotus whips and roots buried deep in the sediment must exchange air through the leaves that come out of the water. There are many tiny pores on the surface of the lotus leaf, and all the trachea converge to the "leaf nose" in the center of the leaf-two spots like nostrils, from which air enters the petiole and flows to the lotus whip.

Lotus, a perennial herb of the genus Nelumbo in the family Nelumbo, has thick and knobby roots and is often found in underwater silt. The leaves are shield-shaped, with dark green surface, waxy white powder and gray-green back; Flowers are solitary at the top of the pedicel, exposed to the water, with white, crimson, lavender or intermediate colors, and bear fruit after flowering; The fruit is oval; The flowering period is from June to September, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October. During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties more than 900 BC, people called lotus "Fu _", and its name came from the state-owned "Jingtian system".