The purpose of dietary prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases is to control the intake of total calories, fats and carbohydrates, reduce weight and reduce blood lipids.
1 Diet prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease
Therapeutic purpose: to control the intake of total calories, fat and carbohydrates, so as to achieve the purpose of losing weight and reducing blood fat.
The heat energy ratio of 1. 1 should be reasonable. In western countries, such as the United States, the heat energy provided by carbohydrates, fats and protein accounts for 40%, 42% and 12% of the heat energy respectively, while in China, the proportions of the three are 60% ~ 70% and 16% ~ 20% respectively. 1.2 Reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids and increase the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The former is rich in animal fat, while the latter is rich in vegetable oil, which has the function of lowering cholesterol. Rapeseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, corn oil and sunflower oil are all rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Animal fats, such as fat, lard and dairy products (whole milk, cream and cheese), are rich in saturated fatty acids.
1.3 properly limit cholesterol. The daily intake of cholesterol from food should be less than 300 mg (300 mg of cholesterol is equivalent to 2 Liang of fat meat, or 4 Liang of lean meat, or 1 egg), and hypercholesterolemia should be less than 200 mg.
1.4 Eat more coarse grains, vegetables, melons and fruits. These foods have more dietary fiber, vitamins and beneficial trace elements than refined white grains. Melon and fruit foods are rich in vitamins, inorganic salts and so on. It also contains pectin, which can reduce blood fat. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease can appropriately increase such foods in their diet.
1.5 Eat foods that reduce blood fat, such as mushrooms, garlic, beans, kidney beans, edamame, soybeans, adzuki beans, mussels, walnuts, green onions, scallops, prawns, turtles, peas, peanuts, fungus, onions, kelp, laver, broad beans and so on. Human experiments have proved that they can reduce blood fat.
1.6 Other patients with arrhythmia must give up smoking, drink strong tea carefully and ban coffee.
2. Diet therapy for acute myocardial infarction
(1) within 2 ~ 3 days after the onset of acute myocardial infarction, liquid food is the main food, with daily calories of about 2 100 ~ 3360 kJ and capacity of about 1000 ~ 1500 ml. Including soybean milk, lotus root starch, rice soup, vegetable juice, broth, milk (low fat), light tea and so on.
(2) Eat more meals a day, avoid being too cold or too hot, and prevent arrhythmia.
(3) Smoking is prohibited, and strong tea, coffee and drinks that can easily cause bloating should be used with caution. We must pay attention to sodium, potassium and magnesium in food, and generally recommend a low-salt (less-salt) diet.
(4) When the condition improves, the semiliquid can be appropriately increased, and the heat can be gradually increased to 4 190 ~ 5028 kJ. The diet should be light, nutritious and easy to digest. Lean meat, fish, poultry, vegetables and fruits are allowed to eat. Always keep the gastrointestinal tract normal to prevent excessive stool force and aggravate the condition. After 3 ~ 4 weeks, with the gradual recovery of patients' activity ability, the restrictions on diet can be gradually relaxed, but the intake of fat and cholesterol should still be properly restricted. Don't have a full meal, and don't eat too much fat, which will lead to the recurrence of myocardial infarction. On the other hand, diet should not be excessively restricted, so as not to cause malnutrition, increase the mental burden of patients and affect their early recovery.
3 diet to prevent hypertension
3. 1 control the intake of total calories Hypertension patients are often complicated with obesity or overweight, and both obesity and hypertension can increase the cardiac workload. Therefore, it is necessary to control the intake of total heat energy in order to achieve and maintain the body weight within the ideal range. In addition, don't overeat every meal, because full meals will reduce the vasodilation regulation function of patients with hypertension, which will cause obvious fluctuations in blood pressure.
3.2 Appropriately limit the intake of sodium ions. The World Health Organization recommends that the daily salt intake of each person should be less than 5 g. It must be pointed out that in addition to salt, some salted and smoked foods (such as bacon, salted fish, pickles, etc. ), soy sauce and monosodium glutamate are also high in sodium, so patients with hypertension should also eat less of these foods.
3.3 Proper restriction of fat and cholesterol and diet to prevent and treat coronary heart disease.
3.4 Eating more fish, soybeans and fish protein products can reduce the incidence of hypertension and stroke. The polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in fish oil can lower cholesterol, improve coagulation mechanism and platelet function, and prevent thrombosis. Recent studies have also found that fish (especially deep-sea fish) contain a lot of omega-3 fatty acids, which can reduce low-density lipoprotein without limiting fatty foods, thus reducing the incidence of cerebrovascular accidents caused by hypertension. The sitosterol in soybean can inhibit the absorption of cholesterol, so ...
What supplements do you take after heart bypass surgery?
Hello, after heart bypass surgery, you don't need special field repair. Meat and vegetables should be light, low in fat and cholesterol, such as fresh vegetables, fruits, lean meat, chickens, ducks, rabbits, fish, protein, bean products and dairy products. Not suitable for eating animal viscera, squid, crab roe, egg yolk, etc. Frequently or in large quantities. Do not eat fried, fried, barbecue food. You can drink light tea and low alcohol, but don't be addicted to alcohol or smoke. I hope my answer is helpful to you, and I wish you health and happiness.
Nursing care and dietary precautions after heart bypass surgery
(1) Adjust mentality, change bad living habits, face life positively, keep a good mood and don't get excited. (2) Generally, all patients can fully recover their general physical activity after 1 ~ 3 months. At this time, they can gradually strengthen daily physical exercise (such as walking, jogging, Tai Ji Chuan, etc.). ) and adjust your schedule to avoid feeling tired. (3) Except for special diseases (such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia). ), the daily diet is completely normalized, no partial eclipse, no overeating, and eat more light diets rich in vitamins, low animal fat, low cholesterol and low calories. Chicken, fish, shrimp, etc. Because of its low fat, high protein content and rich nutrition, it can be eaten properly. There is no such thing as a "taboo". In addition, you can eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Diabetic patients still need to limit the amount of sugar and daily intake after operation and actively treat diabetes. (4) Obese patients should lose weight under the guidance of doctors about 3 months after operation, and it is better to lose weight about 0.5 ~ 1 kg per week. (5) Smoking is one of the causes of coronary heart disease, so you should quit smoking after operation. (6) Patients with venous bypass of lower limbs should wear elastic socks, which is beneficial to the formation of collateral circulation and reduce swelling. (7) As for drinking, there is no conclusion at present. It is generally believed that drinking a small amount of fruit wine is helpful to reduce blood lipid and slow down the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. However, alcohol can cause side effects, such as high blood pressure. Therefore, try to reduce the amount of drinking, and it is not recommended to drink alcohol for the purpose of "preventing atherosclerosis". (8) We should strictly control the high risk factors of coronary heart disease. Mainly hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and so on. In this regard, patients should actively cooperate with doctors, review regularly, and take drugs regularly. (9) Surgery can't solve all the diseased blood vessels, and it is still necessary to take anti-coronary drugs regularly. Coronary dilators (isosorbide dinitrate, Lunan Xinkang) still need to be taken regularly, and the dosage can be reduced as appropriate about 6 months after operation. In order to prevent and delay the obstruction of vascular bridge, patients need to take low-dose enteric-coated aspirin for life. Thanks for adoption
What nutrition and health care products do you eat after heart bypass surgery?
Phospholipids are necessary, because the main cause of heart bypass is cardiovascular blockage. Phospholipids can emulsify lipid plaques and thrombi in blood vessels, which is necessary. In addition, some other nutrients can be supplemented according to the situation.
What should I eat and what should I not eat in heart bypass surgery?
Still genuine.
What food is the best to eat in the recovery period after heart bypass surgery? . What can best help patients recover? Nonsense, go away ~! Ask god for advice ~ good answer
Reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids and increase the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The former is rich in animal fat, while the latter is rich in vegetable oil, which has the function of lowering cholesterol. Rapeseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, corn oil and sunflower oil are all rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Animal fats, such as fat, lard and dairy products (whole milk, cream and cheese), are rich in saturated fatty acids.
1.3 properly limit cholesterol. The daily intake of cholesterol from food should be less than 300 mg (300 mg of cholesterol is equivalent to 2 Liang of fat meat, or 4 Liang of lean meat, or 1 egg), and hypercholesterolemia should be less than 200 mg.
Eating more coarse grains, vegetables and fruits contains more dietary fiber, vitamins and beneficial trace elements than refined white grain. Melon and fruit foods are rich in vitamins, inorganic salts and so on. It also contains pectin, which can reduce blood fat. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease can appropriately increase such foods in their diet.
Often eat foods that reduce blood fat, such as mushrooms, garlic, beans, kidney beans, edamame, soybeans, adzuki beans, mussels, walnuts, green onions, scallops, prawns, turtles, peas, peanuts, fungus, onions, kelp, laver, broad beans and so on. Human experiments have proved that they can reduce blood fat.
Other patients with arrhythmia must quit smoking, drink strong tea carefully and ban coffee.