Tale of Genji is a classic of Japan, which has a great influence on the development of Japanese literature and is known as the peak of Japanese literature. Because I directly experienced court life, I had a comprehensive understanding of the dissolute life and love between men and women of the Japanese aristocratic class at that time. Coupled with the author's delicate and sensitive heart, The Tale of Genji is touching to read, just like a "romance novel" of classical Jing Ya, which is sad and beautiful. Tale of Genji is the earliest realistic novel in the world, so it also occupies a very important position in the history of world literature. Japan is a country full of contradictions. While the tradition of discriminating against women is popular, the world's earliest realistic novel Tale of Genji was written by a woman. The Tale of Genji is only one million words, involving three generations for more than 70 years, and there are more than 400 characters in the book. This paper mainly tells the living conditions of the Japanese royal family and nobles in Heian period, with Guangyuan, the protagonist, as the core of the story, telling his life and his ambiguous relationship with many female characters. This is similar to China's Dream of Red Mansions. The Tale of Genji is more than 700 years earlier than A Dream of Red Mansions, but it is also considered as A Dream of Red Mansions in Japan, because the relationship between characters is complicated and there are as many as 400 characters. The Source mainly tells the life of Japanese aristocrats in Heian period, and takes Guangyuan's story as the core, bringing out many ambiguous women. Kwai Ji is his Tang Huo in law, with noble background and indifferent temperament. Guangyuan snubbed her, and she gradually got barnacles, chestnuts, chestnuts and many other beloved women. There are more than a dozen aristocratic women who are closely related to Guangyuan's family, such as Oboro Moonlight, Sunset Red, and Six-product Imperial Diet. Or because of a chance encounter, or because of a long-lasting relationship, a large number of realistic sketches in the book let the nobles live a decadent and surprisingly elegant and beautiful life in front of readers, but they are still charming after thousands of years. For foreign readers, the first problem in understanding this work is to enjoy the beautiful and ambiguous interactive atmosphere in Japanese culture before being confused by a large number of names. There are many descriptions of sex in the book, so it is not surprising that Japanese works such as Paradise Lost or the Kingdom of Senses will appear in the future. After all, in 100 1 year, the Japanese had already enjoyed this fragile dike with a serious attitude.

A Dream of Red Mansions exposes all kinds of darkness and evil in the late feudal society and their insurmountable internal contradictions, and strongly criticizes the decadent feudal ruling class and the feudal system that is about to collapse, making readers feel that it is bound to perish; At the same time, the novel also expresses a new hazy ideal by praising the noble rebels. In the history of China literature, no work can write such a gripping love tragedy as A Dream of Red Mansions. No work can reveal the social roots of love tragedy in a comprehensive and profound way, thus making the most profound and powerful criticism of feudal society.

The most outstanding artistic achievement of A Dream of Red Mansions is that "it is as rich, complex and natural as life and nature itself", which makes life vivid and tasteful. The great events and waves in A Dream of Red Mansions are well described. The story goes on, characters keep emerging, full of interest in life, and the secrets of life are revealed. Its detailed description and language description inherit and develop the tradition of excellent novels of the previous generation. One of the outstanding achievements of A Dream of Red Mansions is to "radiate a strong poetic and ideal brilliance".

A Dream of Red Mansions has created many characters, each with his own unique personality characteristics, and has become an immortal artistic model, which will always shine in the history of China literature and world literature.

On the basis of traditional novels, the plot structure of A Dream of Red Mansions has also made a major breakthrough. It changed the plot and characters' single-line development characteristics of previous novels such as Water Margin, created a grand, complete and natural artistic structure, made many characters move in the same time and space, made the plot go on as a whole, and showed the author's outstanding artistic talent.

The achievement of language art in A Dream of Red Mansions represents the peak of language art in China's classical novels. The author can often sketch a vivid image with distinctive personality characteristics in just a few words; The language of each typical image in the author's works has its own unique personality, and readers can judge the characters only by these languages. The author's narrative language also has a high degree of artistic expression, including the poems and songs in the novel, which can not only be integrated with the narrative of the novel, but also the creation of these poems can play a role in shaping typical characters and achieve "poetry is like a person"-in line with the identity tone of the characters in the novel.

A Dream of Red Mansions has its own brand-new features and permanent artistic charm both in ideological content and artistic skills, which makes it not inferior to Li Zhuo in world literature.

A Dream of Red Mansions not only has a circulation of one million in China, but also has translations in Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur, Kazakh, Korean and other minority languages [27]. It has been translated into more than 30 languages including English, Russian, German, Japanese, French, Korean and Italian, with over 100 translations and 26 full translations.

A Dream of Red Mansions first spread overseas in the fifty-eight years of Qianlong (1793). At that time, a ship that arrived in Japan from Zhejiang carried 67 books of China, including 9 volumes 18 sets of A Dream of Red Mansions. In Qu Qin's masterpiece Biography of Eight Dogs Meeting in the South, the statement that eight dogs each gave birth to a spiritual bead was probably inspired by the birth of Baoyu with beads in A Dream of Red Mansions. 1892, Sen Huainan translated the first wedge of A Dream of Red Mansions and published it in the 2nd issue of South China Review. Starting from this, various Japanese versions emerged one after another, which also brought the wider Japanese people closer to this masterpiece from China. Until the 1930s, many Japanese people went to China to study and were still learning the standard Beijing dialect in A Dream of Red Mansions. For more than two centuries, the academic articles and translations of "A Dream of Red Mansions in Japan" have been in the leading position in foreign countries in terms of quantity.

Famous comments

Mao Zedong 1

(1) (formerly China) Except for its vast territory, large population and long history, there is a Dream of Red Mansions in literature, and many places are inferior to others, so we can't be proud.

(2) A Dream of Red Mansions should not only read novels, but also look at history. He wrote a very detailed and meticulous social history.

Jin Ping Mei is the ancestor of A Dream of Red Mansions. Without Jin Ping Mei, A Dream of Red Mansions could not be written. However, the author of Jin Ping Mei does not respect women, while A Dream of Red Mansions and Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio respect women.

2. Lu Xun

(1) A Dream of Red Mansions is known to many people in China. At least, it is a title book. Who are the authors and successors? Just because of the reader's eyes, there are all kinds of things: Confucian scholars look at the Book of Changes, Taoists look at obscenity, gifted scholars look at lingering, revolutionaries look at rows of people, and gossips look at palace secrets. ...

(2) What is written in the book is nothing but mixed feelings and traces of gathering and scattering, while the accidents of the characters get rid of the old stereotypes, which is very different from previous human novels.

(3) As for the value of A Dream of Red Mansions, it is really rare in China's novels. Its main point is to dare to describe it truthfully without any taboo. It is completely different from the previous novels describing good people and bad people, so the characters described in it are all real people. In short, since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions, the traditional thinking and writing methods have been broken. -the charm and lingering of his article is second.

3.hu shi

Because A Dream of Red Mansions is Cao Xueqin's self-narrative of "hiding the truth", he is not afraid of triviality and repeatedly describes his family's transition from rich to poor. We never look at Cao Yin's life history like a corrupt official; His family came down, and his son went bankrupt. It may be that the family loves spending money and putting on airs. Pay attention to eating and drinking, pay attention to the scene; Collect fine books and engrave them; Make friends with literati and celebrities, make friends with aristocratic officials and entertain the emperor. As for four times and five times; They can't manage money and refuse to save; I'm used to paying attention to profligacy and can't back down: I even lose money or go bankrupt. A Dream of Red Mansions is only an honest description of this natural trend of "sitting on an empty mountain" and "falling apart". Because of this, A Dream of Red Mansions is a masterpiece of naturalism.

4. Wang Guowei

(1) A Dream of Red Mansions is philosophical, cosmic and literary. The reason why this dream of red mansions is so contrary to the spirit of our country lies in its value.

(2) A Dream of Red Mansions, contrary to all comedies, is a complete tragedy!

5. Yu Pingbo

The first skill of the author of A Dream of Red Mansions is that he is good at writing human feelings. Looking closely, there is no one who does not write a book, and no one is out of line; The same is true for writing things and scenery. A dream of red mansions is self-pitying, self-conscious and confessional, so it can't be written by itself. Moreover, his materials are practical and cannot be reversed at will, so he wants to break the mold and offend readers. The author didn't know it unconsciously at that time, but the end of A Dream of Red Mansions always won a great victory and made great achievements. The first skill of the author of A Dream of Red Mansions is to tell the truth and be a fair mirror.

6. Cai Yuanpei

The Story of the Stone is also a political novel of the Kangxi Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty. The author is very loyal to nationalism, and his skill in the book is to hang out the demise of the Ming Dynasty and expose the loss of the Qing Dynasty, especially in the sense of regretting those who are Han officials.

7. Huang Zunxian

A dream of red mansions is the first good novel from ancient times to the present, and it should win glory with the sun and the moon.

8. Qi Haosheng

(1) write boudoir is very elegant, Ye Yan is full of paper; The reading of the V-valve is extremely rich and complete, but the decline is already full of eyelashes; Writing about Baoyu's lust and infatuation, while being affectionate and understanding, will not reduce his experience; Writing about Daiyu's jealousy is sharp, while scolding her is deep pity, no less than Sang E's "The barren woman".

(2) The cover stops talking, the hand stops talking, and the prostitute is quiet, sad and happy, which is also a two-pronged approach. Hey, it's different!

9. Zhou

(1) A Dream of Red Mansions is a unique "cultural novel" of our Chinese nation through the ages. If you want to understand the cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation, the best-both the most interesting and the most convenient (concrete, true and vivid) way is to read A Dream of Red Mansions.

(2) A Dream of Red Mansions is a people-oriented, caring and people-oriented book, and it is the greatest work in the cultural history of China. Therefore, he said, A Dream of Red Mansions is the most representative work of our Chinese national culture.

International assessment

1, UK

(1) 1892, Preface of Qiu Li's Chinese translation of A Dream of Red Mansions: As a student, I must be in the magnificent maze of a Dream of Red Mansions.

(2) Encyclopedia Britannica (19 10): A Dream of Red Mansions is a very advanced work with complicated plot and originality.

(3)2065 438+04 Daily Telegraph: This epic is written in vernacular rather than classical Chinese. There are more than 400 characters in the book, with two branches of an aristocratic family as the main line, telling a sad love story, full of humanistic spirit.

2. Russia

19 In the 1980s, Vasiliev: A Dream of Red Mansions was so beautifully written and interesting that imitators had to be produced!

3. Germany

1932, Postscript of Kuhn's German translation of A Dream of Red Mansions: How can such a Europe, which cares about spiritual civilization, ignore and forget this huge and complete artistic work and cultural monument for a hundred years?

4. France

198 1 year, the French version of A Dream of Red Mansions was officially published. Express Weekly commented that the complete translation of this masterpiece has now been published, filling a painful gap for two centuries. In this way, it seems that people suddenly discovered Cervantes and Shakespeare. We seem to find that French classical writers Proust and Ma are tired of their painstaking efforts and decide to work together to complete such a masterpiece of genius. A Dream of Red Mansions is a masterpiece of cosmology. Cao Xueqin has Brewster's keen eyes, Tolstoy's sympathy, Samuel's clever humor, Balzac's insight and the ability to reproduce all social strata from bottom to top.

By comparing the two evaluations, we can know who is more popular internationally.