Animal protein is mainly meat, eggs and milk. Fish and shrimp, rabbit meat, chicken and duck meat, lean pork and beef are all suitable for meat. Mutton and dog meat should not be eaten more and often. Chinese medicine believes that this kind of meat belongs to hot food, and eating too much will lead to "excessive fire", which will make the liver yang excited and is not conducive to the liver. Plant protein is mainly bean products, and soybean protein contains more branched-chain amino acids, which is needed by patients with chronic liver disease, but it lacks "essential amino acids" that cannot be synthesized by human body and must be ingested, and its absorption and utilization rate is not as good as that of animal protein. Therefore, animal and plant proteins should be taken in combination, but not in excess, otherwise it will easily cause abdominal distension and indigestion. Especially in patients with liver cirrhosis, the intake of protein should be restricted in the later stage to avoid liver coma caused by excessive ammonia produced by protein decomposition. Patients with liver cirrhosis should also avoid coarse and spicy food to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding.

At present, it is advocated that the intake of protein should be restricted in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. Clinical and experimental studies have proved that high protein diet can increase glomerular blood flow and pressure, and aggravate renal hemodynamic changes caused by hyperglycemia. When given a low protein diet, the increased glomerular filtration rate can be reduced, and a moderate protein diet (0. 8g/kg d) can also slow down the decline of glomerular filtration rate in clinical diabetic nephropathy. For patients with massive proteinuria, edema and renal insufficiency, in addition to the necessary symptomatic treatment and supportive therapy according to specific conditions, for patients with hypoproteinemia and edema, in addition to limiting the intake of sodium, the principle of "less but refined" should be adopted, that is, the main component should be 0.6g of animal protein with high biological value per kilogram of body weight per day, and appropriate amounts of amino acids, plasma or whole blood can be given when necessary. Under the guarantee of insulin, it can be used. Vegetable oil should be chosen as fat.