In the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), together with Guangwu, he launched a garrison uprising in osawa Township (now Suzhou City, Anhui Province) and became a pioneer in resisting the violent Qin uprising; Take Chen Jun as king and establish Zhang Chu regime.
After being defeated by Zhang Han, the Qin general, he was killed by Zhuang Jia, the driver, and buried in Mangdang Mountain. After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, he made Chen Sheng a "hidden king".
Basic introduction: real name: Chen Sheng alias: Chen Wangzinuo. The word refers to the era: the ethnic group at the end of Qin Dynasty: the birthplace of Huaxia nationality: Yangcheng (see the outline for details)? Time of death: 208 BC? Main achievements: Pioneer of anti-Qin rebel army, alias of establishing Zhang Chu regime: Hidden Tomb: Life of characters in Chen Sheng's tomb, early experience, uprising against Qin, establishment of political power, failure of the Western Expedition, disaster of Xiao Qiang, main achievements, evaluation of characters, tombs, historical records, anecdotes and allusions, early experience of characters' life: Chen Sheng worked as an employee when he was young, when the Qin Dynasty was under brutal rule, the class oppression was extremely deep. He doesn't want to be enslaved and sympathizes with people with the same fate. One day, he said to his fellow plowmen, "If anyone is rich in the future, don't forget a poor brother who suffers hardships." Everyone felt funny when they heard it: "We worked hard to farm for others. Where did we get the money?" Chen Sheng couldn't help but feel something and sighed: "How can birds know the ambition of Honghu Lake!" In July of the first year of the uprising against Qin Qin (209 BC), the court dispatched a large number of soldiers to defend Yuyang (now southwest of Miyun, Beijing), and Chen Sheng was also among the recruits and was appointed as the head of the regiment. He and 900 other poor farmers, escorted by two Qin officials, went to Yuyang day and night. When traveling to osawa Township, Qixian County (now Xisipo Township, Suzhou, Anhui Province), the road was blocked by floods due to continuous heavy rain. Seeing that the deadline to reach Yuyang is coming, everyone is anxious like ants on hot bricks, and I don't know what to do. Because according to Qin Liangfa, any soldier who is called to guard the border and fails to arrive at the designated place on time will be beheaded. At the critical moment of life and death, Chen Sheng resolutely decided to plan an uprising. That evening, Chen Sheng quietly discussed with another chariot leader Guangwu. Guangwu, a native of Yang Xia, was also born in poverty. Although they have known each other for a short time, they are already friends who talk about everything. Chen Sheng said to Guangwu, "In our present situation, we are all dying, and it is also death to escape and be caught back. Instead of all dead, we might as well choose to die for national affairs and do something big? " Chen Sheng then analyzed the current situation: "Everyone in the world has been ruled by the Qin Dynasty for a long time, and the common people's exorbitant taxes and levies on the Qin Dynasty have reached an unbearable level. It is said that Hu Hai, the second emperor, was the youngest son of Qin Shihuang. It was his eldest son, Fu Su, who should not have succeeded to the throne. Fu Su was sent out because of repeated persuasion, but was killed by II for no reason. There is also a famous soldier named Xiang Yan, who used to be a famous soldier of Chu. He made outstanding achievements in military service, cared for soldiers and won the hearts of the people. Now people don't know whether these two people are alive or dead. Why not call on the whole world to rise up against the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty in their name? " Guangwu admired Chen Sheng's courage, felt that his ideas were in line with the people's hearts at that time, and fully supported Chen Sheng's decision to "subjugate the country" and "seek great things". In the ancient Daze Township Uprising, it was popular to use religious superstitious activities to predict good or bad luck. After some planning, Bobby Chen and Guangwu specially found a fortune teller. Knowing their intentions, the wise men said, "Your career can be successful, and you can make great contributions to the people. But you should ask ghosts and gods about this. " Chen Sheng and Guangwu were very happy after hearing this. From their words, they realized the truth of "scaring the masses by ghosts and gods". So, they wrote "wàng" on the silk handkerchief with vermilion and stuffed it into the belly of the fish caught by fishermen. When the soldiers bought fish to eat, they were surprised to find the "Dan Shu" in the belly of the fish. At the same time, Chen Sheng asked Guangwu to lurk in an abandoned temple near the camp, lit a bonfire at the temple in the middle of the night, pretended to be a jack-o'-lantern, imitated the fox's voice and shouted "Great Chu Xing, Chen"! The sleeping soldier was awakened and very scared. The next day, the soldiers were whispering, and they all pointed the finger at Bobby Chen. In addition, Chen Sheng usually treats his subordinates warmly and kindly, and associates the image of Chen Sheng with the revival of Chu, so he praises Chen Shengbing for his higher prestige. Seeing that the time was basically ripe, Guangwu took advantage of the drunkenness of the two officers escorting the foot soldiers and deliberately threatened to escape, so as to anger the commander escorting them to the border. The two drunken commanders were really angry, scolding and flogging Guangwu, causing dissatisfaction among the soldiers, and they began to coax them. Guangwu rose up and killed Wei Peijian, a famous soldier. Chen Sheng also took advantage of the situation to kill another famous soldier. Later, Chen Sheng called 900 soldiers together and said loudly, "We were caught in heavy rain here, so we couldn't reach Yuyang on schedule. If we miss the deadline, everyone will be beheaded. Even if you are lucky enough not to be beheaded, the frontier guards will die. Besides, if a hero dies, he will achieve great fame when he dies! Will princes have natural noble species? " Bobby Chen's forceful words spoke out everyone's heart. The soldiers were full of resentment and anger towards the Qin dynasty, like a flood that burst its banks, shouting in unison: "We are willing to obey your orders!" " So everyone, under the guidance of Chen Sheng and, according to the plan in advance, exposed their right arms as a symbol, built an altar and vowed to declare an uprising in the name of Fu Su and Xiang Yan, sons of the King of Chu. Chen Sheng established himself as a general and took Guangwu as his surname. He captured osawa Township in one fell swoop, and then quickly captured Qixian County. In this way, the first large-scale peasant uprising war broke out in the history of China. Chen Sheng's feat of "strategizing" to establish political power received a positive response from the people who suffered from the Qin State nearby, and they joined the uprising team by "cutting firewood into soldiers and raising the banner". Under the leadership of Chen Sheng He, less than a month after the capture of Qixian County, Chen Sheng in Keluo County (now Suixi County, Anhui Province), Suixian County (now Yongcheng West), Kuxian County (now Luyi County), Zhexian County (now Zhecheng County) and Qiaoxian County (now Anhui Province) was a farmer leader with strategic awareness. After controlling a large area of the border between Anhui and Henan, he decided to attack the strategic location of Chen County. Chen County was the capital of Chen State in the two weeks and the Spring and Autumn Period. At the end of the Warring States period, it was once the capital of Chu. After the Qin Dynasty destroyed the Six Kingdoms, Chen County was designated as a county, which shows the importance of its status. If we can win Chen county, it will undoubtedly be a major blow to Qin. So, Chen Sheng led the insurgents disguised as Chen Cheng. At this time, the insurgents had six or seven hundred chariots, more than a thousand cavalry and tens of thousands of people. Abatti Giresse Concorde county magistrate, county magistrate frightened, fled early, only the army (county magistrate) retreated to the city, fought back. Qin Jun, the already trembling guarding city, quickly fell apart under the strong offensive of the insurgents. The insurgents killed and marched into Chen County. After Chen Sheng laid Chen County, he called the local people (officials in charge of local education) and heroes (prestigious people) to discuss plans. Although these people did not come from the peasant class, they all witnessed and experienced the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty. In particular, they saw that Chen Sheng led the insurgents to count several counties in just one month, and they had great respect for Chen Sheng. They suggested that Chen Sheng should be king. They said, "General, you went into battle in disguise, with a weapon in your hand, to crusade against the cruel and heartless State of Qin and restore the State of Chu. You deserve your merits." However, there are a few different opinions: to think that Bobby Chen is the king alone will make people feel that Bobby Chen is selfish and unwilling to follow suit. Chen Sheng thought twice and finally decided to be king. He took Chen County as the capital, "Zhang Chu" as the title, and "Zhang Chu" as the title (meaning Zhang Chu, with Zhang Chu as the slogan), and established the first peasant revolutionary regime in China history. Although Chen Sheng's banner is "Zhang Chu", it is not to restore the homeland of Chu, but to overthrow the Qin Dynasty and save the world's poor. This is the practice of his thoughts of "a swan's ambition" and "princes and princes are better off with seeds", and it is also his strategic consideration for unified command of the insurgents. Later, the practice of the peasant revolution strongly proved the necessity of Chen Sheng's decision to be king and establish the country. The establishment of Zhang Chu regime in Chen Guang Uprising promoted the nationwide anti-Qin struggle. The banner of "Zhang Chu" flew high and became the symbol of the peasant uprising center, showing great appeal. In the name of the "Zhang Chu" army, we launched riots all over the country, punished and killed local officials, in response to Chen Sheng's call. The fire of peasant uprising turned into a prairie fire. Driven by the torrent of peasant revolution, some aristocratic remnants also incorporated the old army and rose up against Qin. At that time, famous anti-Qin leaders around the country were Liu Bang, Xiang Liang, Xiang Yu, Ying Bu, Peng Yue and others. In the face of the rising anti-Qin struggle, with the assistance of Chen Shengshen and other members of the peasant regime, the overall strategy of "focusing on the western expedition and neglecting the land" was further determined, and finally the rule of the Qin Dynasty was overthrown. He appointed Guangwu as the false king (deputy king), led the main force of the rebel army to attack Xingyang in the west, and took Hangu Pass to Xianyang and Qin Dou. At the same time, "make Luo Song stay in Nanyang and enter Wuguan", and then attack everywhere. Later, with Chen Wu, Deng Zong, Zhou Shi and Zhao Ping as generals, they crossed the Yellow River in the north, attacked the former Zhao area (now northwest Shanxi and southwest Hebei), took Jiujiang County in the south, and went deep into Huainan area; Attack Guangling (now the northern part of Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and the old land of Wei, and capture the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the south of the Yellow River (now Kaifeng). For a time, the fire of the anti-Qin struggle burned all over the country. Insurgents from all walks of life fought bravely and were invincible, and the peasant revolution reached * * *. Chen Sheng's cartoon image failed in the Western Expedition, but what Chen Sheng didn't expect was that Wu Guangjiu couldn't capture Xingyang and the army's westward advance was blocked. Xingyang is an important passage to Guanzhong, and it has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. There is Aocang, and Qin hoarded a lot of food nearby. Take Xingyang and open the gate of Guanzhong. Taking Aocang again can not only cut off the supply of food and grass in Qin Jun, but also solve the problem of military supplies for the rebels. The strategic intention of Chen Sheng to send heavy troops to capture Xingyang is very clear. Chen Sheng was very anxious when the news that Xingyang was defeated returned to Chen County. In order to ensure the realization of his strategic intention, he decided to appoint Zhou as a general on the condition that the army contained the main force, bypassing Xingyang, taking Hanguguan directly, and marching west to the state of Qin. Zhou Wen's army cut off the pass and seized it, sweeping, until it reached the scene only a hundred miles away from Xianyang, Qin Dou (now Lintong, Shaanxi). On the way to March, the people rose up and echoed, and the team continued to expand. There were thousands of chariots and hundreds of thousands of soldiers. Qin Ershi, who was extravagant and extravagant, was surprised to hear that the rebels were approaching Xianyang. When the capital was empty and the soldiers could not be mobilized, Zhang Han, as a junior official, had to pardon hundreds of thousands of prisoners who served in Lishan, named Zhang Han as a general, and temporarily organized troops to stop the insurgents. The peasant rebels who were recovering were caught off guard by the sudden hundreds of thousands of Qin Jun and forced to withdraw from Guanzhong. In Caoyangting (now northeast of Lingbao), he held on and fought Qin Jun for a few days, and then retreated to Mianchi. Zhou Wenzhai was strong and unyielding. After many twists and turns, he fought fiercely with the enemy for more than ten days without food and help, but he was outnumbered and finally drew his sword. After the defeat of Zhou Wen's army, Zhang Han led the troops to continue eastward, and the peasant army besieged Xingyang was in danger of being attacked between Scylla and Charybdis. Tian Cang, the general of the rebel army, disagreed with the fake Wang Guangwu, thinking that "the fake Wang Jiao, who did not know the military power, could not be expected and could not be punished", but in the name of Chen Sheng, he killed Guangwu, which led to the total annihilation of this rebel army. When the city wall was destroyed, the situation began to reverse. Weaknesses and contradictions within the rebels are gradually exposed. On the one hand, after Chen Sheng became king, his thoughts gradually evolved and his relationship with the people became increasingly alienated. For example, a fellow villager who worked with Bobby Chen to farm the land for the landlord heard that he had become king, and he came to Chen County from his hometown in Yangcheng, Dengfeng, to find him, but no one answered after knocking at the door for a long time. It was not until Chen Sheng went out and called his nickname on the road that he was summoned and rode back to the palace together. Because I am an old friend of Bobby Chen, I can go in and out at will, and sometimes I can't help talking about some old things about Bobby Chen's hometown in Bobby Chen. Soon someone said to Chen Sheng, "Your guests are ignorant and nonsense, which is harmful to your majesty." Embarrassed, Bobby Chen killed his nonsense partner. The words "rich as an enemy, can't forget each other" have long been forgotten. Since then, all your old friends in Bobby Chen have left by themselves, and no one has ever been near Bobby Chen again. On the other hand, with the development of the anti-Qin struggle, the centrifugal tendency within the revolutionary ranks is also breeding and spreading. The generals sent by Chen Sheng to various places fell apart, vying for the title of king, and the rebels fell apart openly. For example, Chen Wu of the Northern Expedition established himself as the king of Zhao and became the leader of the separatist regime. Its ministry, Hanbitsoft, became the prince of Yan after attacking Yan. Although Zhou City, which seized the old land of Wei, did not stand on its own feet as king, it made Wei, a descendant of Wei, king of Ningling, and took it as his duty to cede territory to protect himself. At the same time, the heroes who echoed everywhere no longer listened to Chen Sheng's containment, and directly isolated Chen Sheng's "Zhang Chu" regime as the main force against Qin, giving a chance to fight back. After Zhang Han, the general of Qin Dynasty, lifted the siege of Xingyang by rebels, he went all out to attack Chen County. In the second year of Qin Ershi (209 years ago, the early Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, and in early October), in December, Chen Sheng personally led the soldiers of the peasant army to wage a fierce battle with Qin Jun. Although he struggled hard, he failed to recover the defeat after all, and was forced to retreat to his father's place in downtown (now northwest of Mengcheng, Anhui Province), ready to rally and fight against Qin. But I didn't expect that I was killed by Zhuang Jia, the driver who had been following me for several months, which became a permanent regret. Chen Sheng appointed Zhu Fang as Chiang Kai-shek and Hu Wu as his secretary to supervise the faults of ministers. The generals occupied this place and returned to Chen County. If they disobey orders slightly, they will be arrested and punished, so as to strictly investigate the fault of their minister as their loyalty to Wang Chen. Anyone they don't like who makes a mistake and doesn't hand it over to the official in charge of justice will be punished without authorization. Wang Chen trusts them very much. For these reasons, the generals are no longer close to him. This is the reason why Wang Chen failed. Chen Sheng's murder caused great grief and indignation of his old entourage and general Lv Chen. In Xinyang (now northern Anhui), the banner of "sense of honor" was raised again, and the "Cangtou Army" was formed to recapture Chen County, execute the surrendered traitors and raise the banner of "Zhang Chu" again. Originally, the Ministry that was ordered to develop in the east was called Ping. Under the guise of Chen Sheng, Xiang Liang, the son of Xiang Liang, a former Chu star, was worshipped as a pillar country, so that he could cross the Wujiang River and attack Qin in the west. The anti-Qin struggle has revived. It took only half a year for Chen Sheng, the statue of Chen Sheng, to plan an uprising, claim the title of king and establish the country, and be defeated and killed, but the anti-Qin fire he lit burned more than half of China. "Although Chen Sheng died, the princes and princes he left behind actually died in Qin, and the first one involved was also." Three years later, the peasant uprising army led by Liu Bang entered Xianyang, overthrew the rule of the Qin Dynasty, and finally won the first large-scale peasant war in China history. Chen Sheng was buried in the southwest of Mangdang Mountain after his death. After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, he made Chen Sheng a "hidden king", sent 30 servants to guard Chen Sheng's tomb, and offered sacrifices to Chen Sheng every year as a vassal. The main achievement is that Chen Sheng initiated the first large-scale peasant uprising in the history of China and became the vanguard of the anti-Qin army, which was the first peasant uprising in China. After Chen Sheng led the army to occupy Chenjun, he officially became king and named the country "Zhang Chu". This is the first regime established by farmers in the history of China. Character evaluation Jia Yi: lead a scattered army to attack Qin with a hundred men. Cutting firewood for soldiers, uncovering poles for flags, the clouds in the world will echo, winning grain with the scenery, Shandong Haojun rising, Qin family dying. Yang Xiong: Or ask Chen Guang and say "chaos". He said, "If not, Qin would not die." Yue: "What about Qin's death? I am afraid that Qin will die before he dies. " Huan Tan: In the past, when the King of Qin saw that Zhou lost control and power over the prince, he thought he should keep Kyushu. He saw that everyone was busy and the sheep were gathered in the pigs, so he could drive them away, so he relied on himself, refused to appoint anyone and sealed the princes. But Chen Sheng, Chu, Han and Xian laid the groundwork, but the monarch had soil, and they shared Qin, so they were defeated. Zhang Hong: The son of heaven is expensive and the four seas are rich. Who doesn't want it? It is imperative and ugly. Chen Sheng, Ji Xiang, Wang Mang and Gongsun Shu are all alone in the south and can't help. Gui Li: Use his body lightly, but it depends on bad luck. First of all, blessings are not enough, but disasters are enough. Zhao Kun: Chen Sheng sang in the front, Liu Ji raised his sword in the back, and the tiger roared and died. Fu Liu, Chen, Buyi and Wu Chu have no place to live, but those who drive away the white disciples have to compete with the emperor for profits, and the people are confused and fearless of their ministers and diligent kings. Sima Yi: Hungary is the world, but the family has no owner, and the deer is fighting for the land. Chen Sheng's first thing, Zhang Juechu. Ghosts stand on their feet, swans are self-sufficient. Ying Ge went to the East, but Zhou Wenxi refused. Began to kiss Zhu Fang, and served as Hu Wu. The gang saw the killing, but they were absent-minded. Who is Zhuang Jia, the father of the city! What to do: Fang's first thing, the heroes of the world fight for the west and punish Qin. When Gaizhen's arm shouted, millions of people were armored, and dozens of people went down with the champion. There are also ordinary people who stubbornly survive in the deep mountains and forests. Their survival depends on World War I, and their front is sharp. Hong Mai: Bobby Chen is not in the garrison. Once he put his efforts aside, he was above the national heroes and began to echo and punish them. Within a few months, he lost World War I and died at the hands of imperial rulers. Although he is dead, all the generals he sent to Qin are dead. Xiang started his army in Jiangdong, also known as the order to cross the river. The state of Qin is a market. Who can help it? In the early days of his rule, everything was created. From Chen Yu's words, he can welcome Confucius' grandson as a doctor and Supreme as a teacher. What he is discussing is beyond the comprehension of a mediocre person. What a small ambition! Emperor Gaudi of the Han Dynasty buried it in the village, and it was necessary to eat blood for 200 years. Ziyun thinks it's chaos. What's the matter? If you kill Guangwu and punish an old friend, it would be ungrateful and forgetful, without the emperor's degree, so you will be defeated. Liu Kezhuang: I'm hungry and cold after a hard day. Unexpectedly, Qin lost his deer, and a Chinese fish was the first to bear the brunt. Since ancient times, the disaster of disorderly death began not with Siyi, but with Wang. The prosperity of Qin, the annexation of six countries and the demise of people in troubled times are not the six countries, but Chen Sheng and Guangwu. Zhou Enlai: Chen She is an immigrant without talent and virtue. At the command of Yuyang, Qin Zuo was killed. It enabled Liu Bang to succeed, but it did not make it irrelevant. If Chen She is not arrogant, but still loves her with the people who loved her in the past, the Central Plains will compete with each other and have one more enemy. It is not known whether Han is Han. What a savage hero! Oh! Qin Shihuang is dead, not Chen She. Because of it, he died in Qin, and because of it, he died in Qin. As a lesson from the past, the first emperor could not take care of the six countries, and Chen She died after his comeback. What a pity! After people can't learn from themselves, they have an empathy for Chen She. Sad husband! Chen Sheng Tomb Chen Sheng Tomb is located at the southwest foot of the main peak of Mangdang Mountain in the northeast of yongcheng city. The existing tomb is 5 meters high and about 50 meters in circumference. Surrounded by a bluestone fence, the ceiling is very high, and there is a Sumitomo below, with Guo Moruo's book "The Tomb of Chen Shengzhi, the Leader of the Peasant Uprising in the Late Qin Dynasty" engraved in the middle. The tomb of Chen Sheng in Mangdang Mountain was killed by the driver Zhuang Jia after the uprising failed. Ministry of Lv Chen beheaded Zhuang Jia and moved Chen Sheng to Mangdang Mountain. Chen Sheng initiated anti-Qin work in the Western Han Dynasty, and 30 cemeteries were set up to protect cemeteries during the Emperor Gaozu period, which was gradually abolished after the Eastern Han Dynasty. 1975, the state allocated special funds for renovation, reclaimed 4,000 square meters of land, laid stones around the tomb, planted pines and cypresses, and placed people to guard the tomb, which was a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. Historical records record Sima Qian's Historical Records (Volume 48, Family 18) and anecdote allusion Gou's Hanshu (Volume 31, Chen Ji Chuan Yi). Don't forget: this is also a famous saying of Bobby Chen's early hard labor, which means "If (you) have money (in the future), don't forget (me)". Swallows know the ambition of swans: this. After metaphor ordinary people don't know the hero's ambition. Princes and princes, I'd rather have seeds! This is also the slogan that Chen Sheng and Guangwu shouted during the uprising, which means that those princes and princes are all noble-born species? To call on poor farmers. Chen Sheng and Guangwu launched a popular uprising in the name of fox and ghost. They put the fire in a cage at night to make it vaguely like a phosphorus fire and imitate the fox at the same time. Later, it was compared to planning an uprising. Rise up: It tells the story of the peasant army led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu, cutting down tree trunks as weapons and raising bamboo poles as banners to resist Qin. Refers to the people's uprising. There is no way to rule the Qin Dynasty: Chen Sheng and Guangwu shouted a slogan during the uprising, rebelling against the Qin Dynasty, meaning to punish the inhuman rulers and destroy the cruel Qin Dynasty. The partner is king: Bobby Chen has been king for half a year. Wang's place is in Chen county, so it is called. And a group of like-minded people gathered around, which means they colluded with gangs and joined forces to seize the throne.