There are also differences in varieties and regional planting.

The following is a brief introduction about Ginkgo biloba. Please have a look if you are interested.

Ginkgo biloba-primitive plant

abstract

Name: Ginkgo biloba

Pinyin: white stork

English: Ginkgo seeds

Latin name: Ginkgo biloba

Different names of Ginkgo biloba, Gongsun Shuzi, Duck Foot Shuzi and Lingyan (Taicang Taishouzhi).

Different names of trees: Lingyan (Taicang Prefecture Records), Buddha Nail (Zhejiang Tongzhi), Fozhi Orange (a handful of Kunyu), Duck Foot (Wan), Gongsun Tree (History of Runan Garden), Duck Palm Tree and Ginkgo biloba.

Explain a name

Named after shape and color, see "Historical Evolution".

The development of history

[Ginkgo biloba-original plant]

Ginkgo biloba-primitive plant

First published in the Daily Materia Medica, Li Shizhen said: "It originated in the south of the Yangtze River, and its leaves are like duck's feet, so it was named duck's feet. In the early Song Dynasty, the tribute was changed to Ginkgo biloba, which was white because of its shape like a small apricot. Now it's called ginkgo. " The history of Runan Garden called this plant Gongsun Tree. In ancient China, only seeds were used as medicine, but in modern times, other leaves were used.

source

It is the seed of Ginkgo biloba L., a ginkgoaceae plant, with the fleshy exocarp removed.

Morphological description

Deciduous trees, up to 40 meters high. The trunk is erect and the bark is gray. There are two kinds of leaves, which are clustered on short branches, alternate on long branches or spirally spread on long branches, fan-shaped, 4 ~ 8 cm long and 5 ~ 10 cm wide, shallow upper edge, 2-split or deeply split at the top and middle, wedge-shaped at the base, parallel veins and bifurcated veins; The petiole is 2.5 ~ 7 cm long. Flowers are unisexual, dioecious and open at the same time as leaves; Male flowers are pendulous catkins, among which 4 ~ 6 flowers are born in leaf axils or bracts on short branches, with many stamens and 2-loculed anthers, which are born at the top of short stems; Female flowers are clustered on short branches every 2 ~ 3 flowers, each flower has a long stem, the stem ends are bifurcated, each flower has/kloc-0 carpels, and the ovules are attached to the stem, usually only/kloc-0 ovules are mature. Seeds drupe-shaped, obovate or oval, 2.5 ~ 3 cm long, pale yellow, covered with white powdery wax; Exocarp is fleshy, white powder, foul-smelling, and orange-yellow when ripe; Endotesta grayish white, bony, with edges on both sides; Endosperm is abundant, cotyledons 2. The flowering period is from April to May. Result period: July ~ 65438+ 10. It is cultivated in most parts of the country. The root or root bark (ginkgo root), bark (ginkgo bark) and leaves (ginkgo leaf) of this plant are also used as medicine.

Biological properties

Born in sunny, moist and fertile loam and sandy loam, it is generally cultivated.

Edit the geographical distribution of this part.

China endemic tree species, Zhejiang Tianmu Mountain wild, widely cultivated throughout the country. The main producing areas are Jiangsu, Guangxi, Sichuan, Henan, Shandong, Hubei and Liaoning. Pizhou, Jiangsu is the largest, and the products in Guangxi are the best, which are sold all over the country and exported.

Edit the cultivation techniques in this section.

1. Excellent Ginkgo varieties

At present, the main criterion for evaluating excellent varieties is the yield and quality of seeds. Excellent varieties refer to: high uniformity of kernel size; High and stable yield, the change of output for three consecutive years does not exceed 30%; The kernel rate is above 26%, and the kernel rate is above 76%. Nuts contain more than 65% starch and more than 60% sugar. According to the above indicators, the excellent varieties selected in various places are as follows:

(1) Ginkgo biloba: mainly produced in Anlu, Xiaogan, Suizhou, Lingchuan, Luoshan, Henan, Dabie Mountain, Anhui and other places in Guangxi. The seeds are obovate, with an average weight of 1 1g and a stem length of 4cm. The seed nucleus is large, obovate, slightly flat, with wings at the edge, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.6 cm and a transverse diameter of 2.2 cm, with an average seed nucleus weight of 3.3 g and 365,438+00 seeds per kg. . The seed setting rate is 29%, the seeds are large and full, and the fruit setting rate is high.

(2) Dameihe: mainly planted in Zhuji, Lin 'an and Changxing in Zhejiang, Lingchuan and Xing 'an in Guangxi, Anlu and Suizhou in Hubei. Pixian County, Jiangsu Province and Tancheng City, Shandong Province are also cultivated. The seeds are spherical or nearly spherical, with a longitudinal diameter of 3.0 cm, a transverse diameter of 2.8 cm, an average unit weight of 12.2 g and a stem length of 4.5 cm. The seeds are large and full, slightly flat, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.4 cm and a transverse diameter of 65438 0.9 cm. The average single seed weight is 3.3 grams, with 300-420 seeds per kilogram, and the seed yield is 26% and 75%. The product has full nuts and strong waxy characteristics. Drought tolerance, barren tolerance, strong adaptability and good high yield performance.

(3) Giant Buddha Hand: mainly produced in Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province. Jiangsu Pixian, Zhejiang Changxing, Hubei Xiaogan, Henan Luoshan and Anhui Dabie Mountain are also cultivated. The seeds are ovoid, with a longitudinal diameter of 3.5 cm and a transverse diameter of 2.8 cm. The average single seed weight is 65438 07.6 g, and the stems are thin and about 4.0 cm long. The seed nucleus is oval, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.9 cm and a transverse diameter of 1.7 cm, with an average single seed weight of 3.3 g and 3 10 seeds per kilogram. The kernel rate is 26%, and the kernel rate is over 75%. The core is big and the shell is thin, and the waxy property is poor. The waterlogging resistance and wind resistance are weak, and the year is not obvious.

(4) Daikin pendants: mainly produced in Tancheng, Shandong and Pixian, Jiangsu. The seeds are long and oval, shaped like earrings, hence the name. The longitudinal diameter of seeds is 2.9 cm, the transverse diameter is 2.4 cm, the average unit weight 10g, and the stem length. The seeds are oval, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.7 cm and a transverse diameter of 65,438 0.6 cm, with an average single seed weight of 2.8 g and 360 seeds per kg. The nucleation rate is 25.4%, with large core, thin shell and strong waxy property. Fast-growing, high yield, drought tolerance, waterlogging tolerance and barren tolerance.

(5) Dayuanzhong: Tancheng, Shandong and Pixian, Jiangsu are widely cultivated. The seeds are nearly spherical, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.9 cm and a transverse diameter of 2.8 cm, with an average single weight 13.7 g and oblique stems. The seeds are short and round, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.5 cm and a transverse diameter of 2. 1 cm, with an average single seed weight of 3.6 g and 280 seeds per kg. The nucleation rate is 26. 1%, with large nucleus, thin shell and complete kernel. The tree has strong potential, vigorous growth, strong stress resistance, fast growth, early fruiting, high and stable yield, and high requirements for fertilizer and water conditions.

(6) Buddha's finger: mainly produced in Taixing, Jiangsu. Pixian County, Jiangsu Province and Tancheng City, Shandong Province are also cultivated. The seeds are obovate and oblong, with a longitudinal diameter of 3.65438 0 cm and a transverse diameter of 2.4 cm, with an average unit weight of 65438 03.3 g, and the stems are slender and about 5 cm long. The seed nucleus is obovate and oblong, with a longitudinal diameter of 2.7 cm and a transverse diameter of 65438 0.7 cm. The average weight of seed kernel is 3.3g, with 3 10 seed per kg. The nucleation rate is 28%, the core is large, the shell is thin and the quality is excellent.

(7) Dongting Emperor: mainly planted in Wuxian, Jiangsu, Lingchuan and Xing 'an, Guangxi. The seeds are obovate, with a longitudinal diameter of 3.6 cm and a transverse diameter of 2.8 cm, with an average unit weight of 17.6 g and a stem length of 4.3 cm. The seed nucleus is oval, with a longitudinal diameter of 3.65438 0 cm and a transverse diameter of 65438 0.9 cm, with an average single seed weight of 3.6 g and 280 seeds per kg.

Edit this section of harvesting and processing.

Harvest the seeds when they are ripe in autumn, remove the outer layer of the fleshy seed coat, steam or slightly cook, and dry.

1. Ginkgo biloba):9 September-165438+1October, when the exocarp is orange-yellow, or naturally ripens and falls off, harvest the fruit, pile it in a damp place, or soak it in a jar to rot the pulp. Then take it out, remove the fleshy seed coat with clear water, rinse it, dry it in the sun and store it for later use. At the same time, the shell is broken and the seed kernel is stripped, which is called raw ginkgo fruit. Through steaming, frying, rooting and other processing. , break the shell and remove the seed kernel, that is, cooked ginkgo fruit.

2. Ginkgo biloba leaves: should be collected from June 10 to June 1 1, and should be dried in the autumn frost to remove impurities and can be used as medicine. In August, the leaves were harvested and refined before yellowing, and the contents of total flavonoids and ginkgolides in Ginkgo biloba leaves were high. Therefore, in the production, the cyan leaves before yellowing are collected as raw materials for refining. Ginkgo biloba extract has a stable curative effect on cerebrovascular sclerosis, which sells well at home and abroad, and the sales price per kilogram reaches 800 US dollars. Therefore, planting ginkgo biloba can obtain good economic benefits.

Prepare herbs by frying.

1, Ginkgo biloba: take the original medicinal materials, remove impurities, remove shells and take kernels. Mash it with time.

2. Stir-fry white nuts: Take clean white nuts, put them in a preheated stir-fry container, heat them with slow fire, stir-fry them until they are dark yellow and fragrant, and take them out and let them cool. Mash it with time.

Finished product characteristics

1, Ginkgo biloba: This product is slightly oval. The surface is yellowish white or yellowish brown and smooth. The nucleolus is broadly ovoid, with a light endosperm at one end, and the nucleolus is yellowish or yellowish green. Slices are white powder. It tastes sweet and slightly bitter.

2, fried white nuts: the surface is dark yellow, slightly burnt, and has a fragrance.

Processing action

1, Ginkgo biloba: sweet, bitter, astringent, flat and toxic. Return to lung meridian. It has the functions of astringing lung, relieving asthma, stopping leukorrhagia and reducing urine. The toxicity of raw ginkgo is small, and the dosage should be small, which can reduce turbidity, eliminate phlegm and kill insects. Used for scabies, wine rash and crabs.

2, fried white skin: after frying, it can reduce toxicity and increase astringency, which is better than warming the lungs and relieving asthma and diuresis. It can be used for treating cough and asthma due to adverse qi, persistent cough, increased leucorrhea, turbid urine, frequent urination due to kidney deficiency, and infantile diarrhea.

Store in a ventilated and dry place.

Commodity specifications are divided into one, two and three according to size.

distinguish

1. Character identification: The dried seeds are obovate or oval, slightly flat, with long diameter1.5 ~ 2.5cm and short diameter1~1.8cm.. The shell (seed coat) is white, grayish white to light brownish yellow, smooth and hard, with two ridges at the edge, a tapering tip and 1~2 polka-dot stipe marks at the base. There are long and oblate seeds in the shell, and there is a light brown film at one end when peeled off. The inner core is light yellow or yellow-green, and the inside is white and silty. There is a gap in the middle. There are 2 or more cotyledons near the top. Slight gas, sweet taste, slightly bitter. The shell is white, the kernel is full, and the white inside is the best.

Modern clinical research

Ginkgo biloba fruit used for dietotherapy is flat, sweet, bitter, astringent and slightly toxic.

It can moisten lung, relieve asthma, astringe essence and stop leukorrhagia, and is suitable for cold and heat.

Treat asthma, phlegm cough, leucorrhea, white turbidity, nocturnal emission, gonorrhea and frequent urination.

1. astringe the lung to relieve asthma and reduce the amount of phlegm: suitable for cough, asthma and excessive phlegm, regardless of cold and heat.

2. Sew and stop the belt, dehumidify: use it to treat the belt. It can be used whether the lower energizer is weak, leucorrhea is thin, or hot and humid bets with yellow turbidity.

3. Eliminating phlegm and relieving asthma: used for treating asthma and expectoration, which can eliminate phlegm and relieve asthma.

4. Convergence dehumidification: it can cure leucorrhea with red discharge, turbid urine, frequent urination and enuresis.

Legendary allusion

note:

Chinese patent medicine

1). Ginkgo biloba exposed ginkgo biloba 476.2g, Ipomoea aquatica 714.3g. The above two components were crushed ginkgo biloba, percolated with 60% ethanol, and ethanol was recovered from the percolate; Decoct cauliflower twice, mixing decoctions, filtering, concentrating into fluid extract (2g of total medicinal materials per ml), cooling, adding equal amount of ethanol, mixing, standing for 24hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol; Mixing with Ginkgo biloba extract, standing for 3 days, and filtering; Take 3 14.3g sucrose to make single syrup, add appropriate amount of menthol, almond essence and preservative into the above filtrate, mix well, and add water to 1 000ml. This product is light brown liquid; Smells good and tastes sweet. The relative density should be1.15-1.18. Has antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects. Used for acute and chronic bronchitis, unpleasant expectoration, chronic cough and asthma. Oral, each time10-15ml, 3-4 times a day. [Ministry of Health

2). Baikening tablets ginkgo biloba (peeled) 1 200g, indigo naturalis 600g, Fritillaria 600g. Pulverizing the above three herbs except Indigo Naturalis into coarse powder, soaking in 70% ethanol for three times according to the soaking method, combining the leaching solutions, recovering ethanol, concentrating into paste, drying, pulverizing and sieving; Mix extract powder and indigo naturalis with appropriate amount of adjuvant, pulverizing, sieving, granulating, dry, grading, adding lubricant, mixing, tabletting, and coating. The weight of the tablet computer is 0.1g. Brown after removing the sugar coating; Delicious. Function of clearing heat and resolving phlegm, relieving cough and asthma. For children with whooping cough. Oral, 1 year, 2 tablets each time; 1-3 years old, 3-4 tablets each time, 3 times a day. (Jilin provincial drug standard 1986)

2. Whether to use medical insurance: medical insurance

3. Non-prescription drugs: prescription drugs

4. China famous wood

There is a ginkgo tree in Xincun Township, Tancheng County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, which is said to be "three thousand years old". We locals call it "Old Holy Tree". In 2004, it was named "China Famous Wood" by the National Greening Committee.

5. Value: Ginkgo biloba, also known as Ginkgo biloba, is the oldest existing seed plant in relict plant. Botany often compares Ginkgo biloba with dinosaurs and is known as the giant panda in the plant kingdom. Ginkgo biloba belongs to the category of dried fruits, and among many dried fruits, the economic value of ginkgo biloba ranks third. The value of ginkgo biloba is mainly reflected in food and medicine.

Ginkgo biloba is eaten to keep healthy and prolong life. Ginkgo biloba was listed as a royal tribute in the Song Dynasty. Japanese people have the habit of eating ginkgo every day. Westerners must eat ginkgo at Christmas. As far as eating methods are concerned, Ginkgo biloba mainly includes fried food, baked food, cooked food, side dishes, cakes, candied fruit, canned food, beverages and alcohol.

The medicinal use of Ginkgo biloba is mainly reflected in medicine, pesticides and veterinary drugs. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen once said: "Entering the lung meridian can benefit the temper, stop asthma and cough, and reduce defecation." Ginkgo biloba in Ben Feng Jing Yuan written by Zhang Lulu in Qing Dynasty has the effects of resolving phlegm, detoxicating and killing insects, and can be used to treat "furuncle, ulceration of mammary abscess, dental caries, infantile diarrhea, leucorrhea with red and white discharge, chronic stranguria, nocturnal emission and enuresis". In the Ming Dynasty, Chinese patent medicines made of ginkgo seeds appeared in Jiangsu and Sichuan for clinical use. Ginkgo biloba exocarp contains a lot of hydrogenated ginkgolic acid and ginkgetin. The water-soluble components of exocarp have good antitussive and expectorant effects, and their properties are similar to those of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. The effective rate of epicarp alcohol intermediate in inhibiting 22 common clinical pathogenic fungi was 865438 0%. 0. 1% hydrogenated ginkgolic acid inhibited 25 clinical pathogenic fungi with an effective rate of 92%. In addition, the inhibition rate of epicarp extract on apple anthracnose and other 1 1 plant pathogens reached 88%- 100%. The control rate of ethanol extract on geometrid reached 100% within 3 days, and it also had control effects on Tetranychus urticae, Myzus persicae, Chilo suppressalis and other pests. According to Compendium of Herbal Medicine of Folk Veterinary Medicine, Ginkgo preparation can treat strain of livestock, nasal congestion, lung abscess, cough due to lung deficiency, blood drop in urine, leucorrhea of female livestock, etc. Dingchuan decoction developed by Shandong Animal Husbandry Medical Station is used to treat infectious laryngotracheitis in chickens, and the cure rate is 95%.

Ginkgo biloba leaves also have important medicinal value. Up to now, there are more than 60 kinds of Ginkgo biloba extract with known chemical components/kloc-0. There are mainly flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, polyisoprene, quinic acid, linoleic acid, python oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, α-hexenal, bilobanol, bilobanone and so on. In 1960s, the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units developed Shuxuening injection with Ginkgo biloba leaves, which has certain curative effects on coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and cerebrovascular diseases. At the same time, Ginkgo biloba leaves can also be used as pesticides. 1kg leaves add 20kg water, boil for 30min, and then soak for 2-3 days. The control rate of spiders and Pieris rapae is over 90%, and there is no residue.

At present, there are more than 50 kinds of skin care and hair care products prepared with Ginkgo biloba extract. In addition, ginkgo beverage, ginkgo peach juice, ginkgo beer, ginkgo tea and other health products developed from ginkgo leaves have been circulated in the market and achieved good results.

The ecological benefits of Ginkgo biloba are mainly reflected in: from the perspective of cultivation, Ginkgo biloba belongs to a fruit tree-dried fruit; It belongs to timber tree species, protective tree species, insect-resistant tree species, longevity tree species and pollution-resistant tree species. Ginkgo biloba is an ideal tree species for fast-growing and high-yield forest, farmland shelterbelt, road shelterbelt, bank protection forest, beach shelterbelt, village shelterbelt, forest-grain intercropping and "four sides" greening. It can not only provide a large number of high-quality wood, leaves and seeds, but also purify the air, conserve water, prevent wind and sand, maintain water and soil, and improve farmland microclimate. It is a good tree species for afforestation, greening and ornamental, which is of great significance to the adjustment of agricultural and forestry planting structure in the north and south of China and the forestry development in plain agricultural areas. Ginkgo wood is of high quality and low price, and is known as "silver fragrant wood" or "silver wood". Ginkgo wood has luster, straight texture, fine structure, easy processing, no cracking, strong corrosion resistance, easy painting, low nail digging power, special medicinal flavor and strong insect resistance. Ginkgo wood can be used to make carved plaques, wooden fish and other handicrafts, and can also be used to make high-end furniture such as cabinets and desks. Ginkgo wood has resonance, sound transmission and elasticity, and is an ideal material for making musical instruments. It can be used to make surveying and mapping instruments, pens and other cultural goods, and it is also the first-class wood for making chessboards, chess pieces, sports equipment, seals and small handicrafts. In industrial production, silver wood is most suitable for making machine models and wooden models of X-ray machine filter plates, textile printing and dyeing rollers, bodiless lacquerware, plywood, chopping boards and wooden telephones.

treat a disease

See the standard of syndrome differentiation and treatment of miscellaneous diseases. There is a yellow-green death syndrome. After treatment, the paste on the beads is mixed with water spots, which looks like a white mixed obstacle. Southerners call it Ginkgo biloba.

At the beginning of the disease, wind and heat attack, damage to the true ointment, blood and gas stasis extremely broken beads. The paste and juice in the beads are festering. I am in poor health after this disease. See the crab's eyes and the spiral protruding strips.

Ginkgo biloba leaves that have not been thoroughly dried should be dried in the shade after they are bought, but the taste of Ginkgo biloba leaves is particularly unpleasant, which is a strange sour taste. After being cleaned, its smell will last for a long time.

Edit this paragraph of medical pharmacological action

chemical composition

The kernel contains 6.4% protein, 2.4% fat, 36% carbohydrate, 6% sugar (mainly sucrose), a little histidine, a little carotene, riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus and iron. It is also reported that the dried seed kernel contains 67.6% starch, 65,438+0.3.1%fat and pentosan.

Physical and chemical identification

Take this product powder 10g, add 70ml of methanol, heat and reflux 1h, filter, evaporate the filtrate, dissolve the residue with 15ml of water, filter with a small amount of cotton, and pass the filtrate through polyamide column (80 ~ 100 mesh, 3g, inner diameter1. The eluent was extracted with ethyl acetate by shaking twice, 40ml each time, and the ethyl acetate solutions were combined, evaporated to dryness, and the residue was dissolved with 1ml methanol as the test solution. Ginkgolides A and C were taken as reference substances, and methanol was added to prepare a mixed solution containing 0.5mg 1ml as reference substance solution. Put them on silica gel G thin-layer plates with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution containing 4% sodium acetate as adhesive and toluene-ethyl acetate-acetone-methanol (10:5:5:0.6) as developing agent, unfold them, take them out, dry them, and spray acetic anhydride at140 ~160.

pharmacological action

Ginkgo seeds contain neutral components without nitrogen. After subcutaneous injection of 6 mg/ 13 g in mice, it can cause convulsion, bulbar palsy, and then stop breathing and heartbeat. It is said that it contains hydrocyanic acid, which can relieve cough and cause poisoning, but the existence of hydrocyanic acid has not been detected. It is also said that it is impossible to prove that Ginkgo biloba contains substances that cause convulsions in mice.

Edit this Chinese herbal medicine alias

Alias Ginkgo biloba, Ginkgo biloba, Lingyan, Bergamot, Fojiazi, Gongsun Tree Fruit, Duck Foot Fruit, Duck Foot Fruit, Duck Foot Fruit.

The trademark is Ginkgo biloba. Ginkgo biloba is best to be large and uniform, with full seeds and white and yellow shells.

Prescription name ginkgo, ginkgo, steamed ginkgo, fried ginkgo, cooked ginkgo, etc.

Ginkgo biloba in the prescription refers to raw ginkgo fruit. Remove the thin skin outside the shell and seed kernel of the original medicinal materials. Mash the drug taker.

Steamed ginkgo is pure ginkgo, which is steamed and mashed into medicine.

Stir-fried ginkgo fruit is pure ginkgo fruit, stir-fried with slow fire until dark yellow and slightly burnt, and mashed into medicine.

Cooked ginkgo biloba is the general term for steaming, boiling, simmering and frying ginkgo biloba.

Edit the dietotherapy value of this paragraph

Seed kernel of Ginkgo biloba, a woody plant of Ginkgo biloba. Also known as ginkgo nuts and duck feet. Ginkgo biloba, also known as ginkgo tree and Gongsun tree, is one of the oldest tree species in the world. It is a unique plant in China. It is cultivated in most areas such as southwest and east China. Harvest ripe fruits in autumn, remove fleshy exocarp, wash and dry, remove hard shell for later use or steam fry for later use.

【 Description 】 Sweet, slightly bitter, astringent, mild and slightly toxic. It has the effects of warming lung, invigorating qi, relieving asthma and cough, reducing defecation, stopping leukorrhagia, stopping diarrhea and benefiting spleen.

[contraindications] Appropriate: elderly people with tuberculosis and cough and asthma should eat; Women with weak leucorrhea, middle-aged and elderly people with nocturnal emission, frequent urination and infantile enuresis should be eaten; Stir-fry or steam before eating.

Bogey: Ginkgo biloba is less toxic and should not eat more meals; Children under five should not eat ginkgo.

[Reference] contains protein, amino acids, fat, carotene, vitamin B2, calcium, phosphorus, iron and trace hydrocyanic acid.

【 Purpose 】 Used for asthma and cough due to lung deficiency; Qi deficiency or kidney qi instability, frequent enuresis; Spleen deficiency or deficiency of both spleen and kidney, leukorrhagia, turbid diarrhea.

[Usage] Cooked food, or pills or powder.

[Caution] Don't eat raw food. It is not advisable to eat too much cooked food, and it is advisable to take 10~ 15g every time, otherwise it is easy to be poisoned.

Ginkgo biloba is toxic and has been recorded since ancient times. When poisoned, headache, fever, convulsion, irritability, vomiting and dyspnea may occur.

In addition, people with excessive phlegm should not take it. When it is necessary to take this product due to the mixture of excess and deficiency, it can be combined with appropriate drugs.

[attachment]

1, Ivy Ginkgo biloba: 10 Fresh Ginkgo biloba, cooked, shelled and pitted; Ai Chen 5g, mashed, mixed with appropriate amount of rice, kneaded with Ginkgo biloba, wrapped with vegetable leaves for external use, and simmered to ashes. Only eat ginkgo. Twice a day.

From the secret recipe. In the prescription, Ai Chen can warm the interior and dispel the cold, and ginkgo can be stewed with it, which can warm the lungs and replenish qi, relieve asthma and relieve cough. For lung deficiency, cold, asthma and cough. Chronic bronchitis and asthma have mild symptoms, belonging to deficiency-cold syndrome and good curative effect.

2. Stewed chicken with ginkgo biloba: 15g ginkgo lotus seeds, 50g glutinous rice and 3g pepper (slightly pounded); A black-bone chicken, unhairing and eviscerating, washing, putting everything into the belly of the chicken, tying it with thread outside, adding appropriate amount of water, stewing it with fire and water until cooked, adding salt and eating it on an empty stomach. Can also be used with meals.

Originated from a set of simplified formulas. Ginkgo biloba, lotus seeds and glutinous rice can all strengthen the spleen, and ginkgo biloba and lotus seeds can converge and stop the belt. Black-bone chicken is best at nourishing yin and blood, which can greatly replenish qi and blood and restrain stagnation. Add pepper to warm your stomach. Can be used for asthenia, deficiency of qi and blood, anorexia, lassitude, and leukorrhagia.

3. Roast chicken eggs and ginkgo: 2-4 ginkgo, ground into fine powder; There are 1 egg, with a small hole at one end. Put ginkgo powder in the egg and bake it firmly on the fire. Take it 2~3 times a day.

This method has the function of strengthening the spleen and astringing the intestines to stop diarrhea. Folk used for diarrhea due to spleen deficiency in children. In addition, some people put ginkgo powder into eggs and cook them. Can be used for leukorrhagia due to spleen deficiency.

4. Sanren porridge

Select 5 grams of good ginkgo nuts, 0/0 grams of sweet almonds/kloc-,0/0 grams of walnuts/kloc-,and 50 grams of japonica rice. Wash Sanren first, put it in a pot and boil it in water for 20 minutes, then put the japonica rice in, cook it until it is cooked, and you can eat it, or add a little rock sugar.

Ginkgo biloba tastes sweet and bitter, astringing lung qi, relieving asthma and cough, and stopping enuresis; Sweet almonds moisten the lungs and relieve cough; Walnut kernel tonifies kidney, solidifies essence, warms lung and relieves asthma; Japonica rice nourishes the stomach and neutralizes it.

Edit this ginkgo recipe.

Thai ginkgo chicken

Raw materials: chicken legs; Garlic seed, celery, sweet orange, egg white and fragrant leaves; Lee Kum Kee Thai sweet and spicy sauce, Lee Kum Kee selected soy sauce, salt, chicken essence, dried starch, water starch, cooking wine, white pepper, onion, ginger and minced garlic.

Production: 1, replace the chicken leg with a knife, and add seasonings such as soy sauce, egg white and dried starch for later use;

2, celery, sweet orange for the knife;

3. Oil the chicken pieces until they are cooked, then pour them out and drain the oil;

4. Add Lee Kum Kee Thai sweet and spicy sauce, Lee Kum Kee selected soy sauce and other auxiliary materials into the pot, simmer slowly for 10 minute, and finally put the sweet orange slices into the pot. [ 1]

Edit the nutritional value of this paragraph.

Ginkgo biloba is a kind of high-grade tonic with rich nutrition, which contains crude protein, crude fat, reducing sugar, nucleoprotein, minerals, crude fiber and various vitamins. According to the scientific conclusion, every 100g of fresh ginkgo contains protein 13.2g, carbohydrate 72.6g, fat10.3g, and contains trace elements such as vitamin C, riboflavin, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, iron, selenium, potassium, magnesium and eight kinds of amino acids, so it has high edible value.

Ginkgo contains many nutrients, except starch, protein, fat and sugar.

Various Ginkgo dishes (6 pieces)

Vitamin C, riboflavin, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, magnesium and other trace elements, as well as ginkgolic acid, ginkgolic acid, pentosan, sterol and other components. It has the dietotherapy and medical effects of benefiting lung qi, treating cough and asthma, stopping parasites, reducing stool, smoothing wrinkles, protecting blood vessels and increasing blood flow. Modern medical research shows that Ginkgo biloba leaves also have the functions of dredging blood vessels, improving brain function, delaying brain aging of the elderly, enhancing memory ability, treating Alzheimer's disease and cerebral blood supply insufficiency, etc., and its anti-aging ability is strong. Science has a great influence in Germany and France. In addition, Ginkgo biloba leaves can also protect the liver, reduce arrhythmia and prevent fatal bronchoconstriction in allergic reactions, and can also be used to deal with asthma, transplant rejection, myocardial infarction, stroke, organ protection and dialysis.

Regular consumption of Ginkgo biloba leaves can help yin beauty to resist aging, dilate capillaries, promote blood circulation, make people's skin and face rosy, rejuvenate and prolong life. It is a health food suitable for all ages, and it is also very delicious to entertain state guests. Flavonoids glycosides and bitter lactone in seeds also have special preventive and therapeutic effects on cerebral thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, brain dysfunction and other diseases.

Edit this paragraph of modern research.

1. chemical composition: the seed contains protein, fat, starch, cyanoside, vitamin B2 and various amino acids; The seed coat contains toxic components, such as ginkgolic acid, hydrogenated ginkgolic acid, ginkgolic acid, bilobanol, etc. The fleshy exocarp contains ginkgolic acid, hydrogenated ginkgolic acid, hydrogenated ginkgolic acid, ginkgdiol, ginkgolic acid and flavonoids.

2. Pharmacological action: It can inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and has different degrees of inhibition on a variety of bacteria and skin fungi in vitro. Ethanol extract has a certain expectorant effect and a weak relaxing effect on tracheal smooth muscle. Ginkgo biloba has a short-term antihypertensive effect and leads to an increase in vascular permeability. The water-soluble components of Ginkgo biloba exocarp can scavenge superoxide radicals, have anti-aging effects, and also have immunosuppressive and antiallergic effects.

3. Adverse reactions: The toxic components of Ginkgo biloba L. are ginkgotoxin and ginkgetin (ginkgolic acid, ginkgol, ginkgol, etc. ). Ginkgo biloba leaves have hemolytic effect, and it is easy to be poisoned by taking too much, and the toxicity of raw products is greater, and the toxicity of green shoots is the greatest. The toxic components of Ginkgo biloba are soluble in water and can be destroyed by heating, so the toxicity of this product is very small after cooking. If it is used as food, the seed coat and germ should be removed and soaked for more than half a day before eating. The general poisoning symptoms are nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, fever, restlessness, convulsion, mental fatigue, dyspnea, cyanosis, coma, and dull or disappearing pupil response to light.

Edit this slang

Eating ginkgo (ginkgo biloba) means "get an orange" in Cantonese, which means nothing, but nothing after a busy trip.

Edit this prescription selection

1. Treatment of asthma: Ginkgo 2 1 tablet (shelled, mashed and fried), Herba Ephedrae, San Qian, Perilla, Glycyrrhrizae Radix, Flos Farfarae, San Qian Almond, Qianwufen (peeled tip), Cortex Mori, San Qian (honey fried), Scutellariae Radix and Qianwufen (slightly fried).

2. Cure turbid urine: give birth to 10 ginkgo. Take it once a day to take effect.

3. Treatment of leucorrhea with red and white discharge: ginkgo, lotus seed meat and glutinous rice are five yuan each, and pepper is one and a half yuan. Boil water spinach with a pot of black-bone chicken with intestines removed and medicine filled. (2-3 parties are from "Simplified lakeside collection")

4. Treatment of wet dream: 3 Ginkgo capsules. Take it for 4 ~ 5 days after boiling with wine. (Hunan Pharmacology)

5. Treatment of frequent micturition and enuresis: Chenbaiguo, 5 snails, 3 snails (baked), grinded and taken orally. (Selected Chinese herbal medicines from Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia)

6. Treatment of leukorrhagia and dizziness in women with chronic gonorrhea: mix ginkgo (fried and shelled) and yam, bake and grind into fine powder. Take 40g of rice soup or warm boiled water three or four times a day [2]. (Modern and Practical Chinese Medicine)