Guest Road (2) Outside Castle Peak, my boat and I, along the green water. The wind didn't blow until the river bank widened at low tide.
The sea (4) gives birth to a broken night (5), and the old year melts in a clear spring (6). Where is the township book? Go back to the wild goose near Luoyang.
[Introduction to the author]
Wang Wan, a native of Luoyang, spent his whole life "running between". "Beigushan" is in the north of Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, facing the river on three sides. The first two sentences of "Jiangnan Yi" quoted above are "South Man is full of new ideas, and the East is in the early stage." Its "eastbound" should be through Zhenjiang to the south of the Yangtze River. The poet traveled all the way, and when he set sail at a berth at the foot of the Beibao Mountain, the tide was flat and the shore was wide, and the geese returned at night, which triggered feelings in his heart and became a masterpiece through the ages.
[Notes]
(1) Time: Stop, which means stopping the ship here. Beigushan: Located in the north of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, it is surrounded by water on three sides and is close to the Yangtze River. (2) Guest road: a long journey; ③ Positive wind: refers to downwind; 4 Sea Day: The sun rises from the sea. ⑤ Residual night: When the night is almost over. ⑥ Old year: the past year. Refers to the old year, the breath of spring has arrived, and points out that the season and climate have reached early spring.
⑦ hometown letter: home letter.
⑧ Guiyan: In ancient times, it was said that geese could deliver letters. I hope Goose can take my letter to Luoyang, my hometown.
[translation]
Tourists pass the bleak Gubei Mountain, and the boat goes along with a green river. The spring tide is rising, and the rivers on both sides are wider. Sail before the wind just hung the sail high. The red sun broke through the night and rose from the sea. Spring on the river is as early as the end of the year. Where will the letter from home be sent? When will Guiyan fly to Luoyang?
[Appreciation]
This poem is about the spring scenery on both sides of the strait when the author went boating at the foot of Beishan Mountain in late winter and early spring. Write overlapping green hills, winding paths, rippling blue waves and canoes first. "Until the bank at low tide widens, there is no wind to stir my lonely sail" depicts the magnificence and heroism of the poets in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. "..." Tonight gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in the clear spring "is a well-known sentence, which depicts the scene and joy in the process of alternating day and night in winter and spring, thus arousing the homesickness of the last sentence and expressing the author's yearning for the hometown of returning geese. Spring and homesickness blend harmoniously.
The next berth on Beibao Mountain was first seen in the Collection of National Xius edited by Rui in Tang Dynasty. When Yin Kun, a native of the Tang Dynasty, was selected into the Lingying Collection in He Yue, there were many different essays on the topic of "Jiangnan Yi": "The south is full of new ideas, and the east is the first day. On both sides of the beach, the wind is hanging. ... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness. I have never observed the weather, but I am biased. " This article is based on a berth at the foot of Beibao Mountain and has been read for a long time.
Look at the sea [Cao Cao]
Jieshi (1) is looking at the sea in the east. What is water? ②, ③.
Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging. The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean.
A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; The star Han ④ is brilliant and unexpected. I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
[Notes]
1 Jieshi: the name of the mountain. There are two kinds of Jieshi Mountain, which refers to Dajieshi Mountain at this time. One word refers to Jieshi Mountain in Changli County, Hebei Province. 2 亐亐: The water waves are swaying; (3) stand tall; 4 xinghan: galaxy.
[translation]
How vast the sea is, and Jieshi Mountain stands tall by the sea.
There are many trees on Jieshi Mountain, and all kinds of grass grow luxuriantly.
The autumn wind is rustling and the waves on the sea are sky-high.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to start from this vast ocean.
The Milky Way is dotted with stars, as if it were born in this vast ocean.
Very lucky. Use singing to express your thoughts and feelings.
[Appreciation]
This four-character poem depicts the magnificence of the motherland's rivers and mountains by taking advantage of the natural scenery seen by the poet when he climbed the mountain and looked at the sea. It not only depicts the moving images of the mountains and the sea, but also expresses the heroic and optimistic enterprising spirit of the poet, mainly describing the magnificent scene seen when he climbed the mountain and looked at the sea, thus showing the author's broad mind. In the history of China literature, Cao Cao seems to be unprecedented. It not only describes the whole landscape, but also has its own style. It is the earliest masterpiece of landscape poetry in China, especially loved by literary historians. It is worth pointing out that the objective natural scenery reflected in the poet's mind must be subjectively filtered by the poet-understanding, blending, selecting and emphasizing, and then form an artistic product. This product is not only the reflection of the objective world, but also the condensation of the poet's subjective spirit. This poem, written on the autumn sea, can wash away the sentimental sentiment of sad autumn and is vigorous and magnificent, which is closely related to Cao Cao's tolerance, personality and even aesthetic taste. So, even pure landscape works.
Spring outing in Qiantang River (1) [Bai Juyi]
Gushan Temple is in the north of Jiating West ②, and the water level is low at the beginning of Yunzu ③.
Several early warblers compete for warm trees, and their new swallows peck at the soil in spring.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
The favorite lake is less than ⑤ eastbound, and the white sand embankment under the shade of Populus davidiana ⑤.
[Notes]
Qiantang Lake: West Lake, a famous tourist attraction in western Hangzhou today; (2) Gushan Temple: It was built in the Southern Chen Dynasty, on the Gushan Mountain in the middle of the lake. Jia ting: it was created by Jia quan when he was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou in Zhenyuan, also known as Jia gongting; 3 cloud foot: cloud gas close to the ground before and after rain, also known as "rain foot"; 4 warm trees: trees facing the sun and leeward; ⑤ Insufficient: insufficient and tireless; ⑥ Baisha Dike, namely Bai Causeway Road, also known as Broken Bridge Dike. Later generations mistakenly built it for Bai, calling it Baigong Dike, but it is not.
[translation]
From the north of Gushan Temple to Jiating West, the spring water on the lake just overlaps with the dike and white clouds and is connected with the waves on the lake. Several early orioles scrambled to fly to the sunny tree, and the new swallows were nesting with spring mud in their mouths. Countless colorful spring flowers gradually fascinated people's eyes, and the shallow spring grass just covered the horseshoe.
[Appreciation]
This is a famous story about the West Lake.
Spring is beautiful. In spring, everything is revived, the weather is updated, birds are singing and dancing, and a hundred flowers are blooming. Poets of past dynasties left tens of thousands of works praising spring. Bai's Spring Tour in Qiantang is based on the spring scenery of the West Lake, absorbing several typical details such as sex, rain, lake water, animals and plants, vividly presenting the early spring scenery of the West Lake to readers, and becoming a leader in the poems on the same topic in previous dynasties.
Bo Qinhuai ① [Du Mu]
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand ②, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant.
Businessmen don't know the hate of national subjugation, but they still sing "backyard flowers" across the river.
[Notes]
Qinhuai: Qinhuai River, originating in the northeast of Lishui County, Jiangsu Province, flows through Nanjing and joins the Yangtze River. According to legend, it was dug by Qin Shihuang during his southern tour to dredge the Huaihe River, so it was called Qin Zhun River. 2. cage: shrouded. 3. Businessman: A woman who sings for a living in a restaurant or on a boat. Qing Xuzeng's "Er 'anshuo Tang Poetry" said: "Businesswomen make a living by singing.
[translation]
Mist hangs over the Han River, and the white sands in Zhou Xiao show silver moonlight. In the evening, I stopped at Qinhuai River, near the restaurant. A strong woman in business doesn't know what it means to die and hate the rich, but she is still singing "backyard flowers" across the river.
[Appreciation]
This poem was written on a moonlit night in Qinhuai. Restaurant night market is bustling, and string songs are everywhere. However, the world is getting worse and worse, and it has become a trend to indulge in singing and dancing. Businessmen only know how to entertain guests. Do you know the lesson of the previous dynasty? The warning of poetry lies in the contrast between "not knowing" and "still singing". Poets look at current events with cold eyes, drunkards with discerning eyes, and satirize reality with history: in this way, the decline of many dynasties was unconsciously caused by people's infatuated dreams and carefree enjoyment. The ancient city of Jinling under people's feet has witnessed many such stories of national subjugation! This is an impromptu work, which reveals the decadent life of the rulers of the late Tang Dynasty by writing what they saw and heard when they stayed at Qinhuai overnight. The banks of Qinhuai River were prosperous places in the Six Dynasties, where rich and powerful people and poets indulged in debauchery and pleasure. The poet spent the night in Qinhuai, saw the feasts and heard the obscene songs and songs in the vast sand moon smoke. He couldn't help being moved by what he saw, and suddenly thought of the death of his home country. He closely combined his admiration for history with his thinking about reality, and thought about the fate of the late Tang Dynasty from Chen's decadent League of Nations. The whole poem contains feelings in the scenery, the artistic conception is sad, the feelings are deep and subtle, and the language is refined, which is called "the swan song" by Shen Deqian. This poem is selected from Fan Chuan's anthology. Qinhuai refers to Qinhuai River, which originates in the northeast of Lishui County, Jiangsu Province and flows into the Yangtze River via Nanjing in the west. The Qin dynasty opened the river and chiseled Zhongshan to drain Huai water, hence the name Qinhuai. A section of Qinhuai River that flows through Nanjing. During the Six Dynasties, there were many restaurants on both sides of the river, which flourished until the Tang Dynasty. "Bo Qinhuai" feels strange to write, which shows the author's anxiety about state affairs.
"Day crystal sand? Qiu Si [Ma Zhiyuan]
Dead vines, old trees, faint crows,
Small bridges and flowing water,
The ancient road and the west wind are thin.
The sun went down,
Heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
[translation]
From a distance, crows at dusk are looking for old vines to inhabit. A closer look shows that there are people living near the small bridge and flowing water. In front of them, there is only a thin horse carrying a wandering wanderer, walking slowly on the ancient autumn wind road. Looking at the afterglow of the sunset, the broken-hearted people wandering outside are wandering around the world.
[Appreciation]
This is Ma Zhiyuan's famous song, and 28 calligraphy and paintings show a lonely place. This song is heartbroken. The author's lyrical motivation can be seen from the title.
In the first two sentences, the old vines make people faint, and the small bridges flow, creating a cold and bleak atmosphere and showing a fresh and quiet realm. The old vines here give people a bleak feeling, and it is already evening. Small bridges and flowing water make people feel relaxed and happy. 12 calligraphy and painting create a quiet pastoral scenery in late autumn. The ancient road became thinner with the west wind, and the poet described a bleak and desolate artistic conception of autumn wind, adding another layer of desolation to the quiet rural map. The setting sun adds a bit of bleak light to this bleak picture and deepens the sad atmosphere. The poet skillfully connects ten plain and objective scenes in series, and naturally puts the poet's infinite worries in the picture through words such as withered, old, light, ancient, western and thin. In the last sentence, heartbroken people are the crowning touch in the horizon. At this time, a wanderer appeared on the picture of the country in late autumn. On the desolate ancient road when the sun sets, he leads a thin horse and walks in the biting autumn wind. It hurts, but he doesn't know where his home is. This poem reveals the poet's sadness and expresses the theme appropriately.
"I heard that Wang Changling ① moved left ② Long Biao Yao had this letter" [Li Bai]
Huayang (3) fell into Zigui (4) and cried. Wenlong Brand (5) crossed Wuxijian (6).
I have sorrow in my heart, the moon is in the sky, and I will go with the wind until Yelang goes west.
[Note] "Follow Jun to Yelangxi". In some areas, "Jun" is written as "wind" and "follow the wind to Yelangxi".
[Notes]
(1) Wang Changling, a poet in Tang Dynasty, was demoted to Longbiao county magistrate during Tianbao period. Move left: downgrade. Longbiao: The name of the county in the Tang Dynasty is still a desolate place in Qianyang County, Hunan Province today. ② Move to the left: the ancients respected the right and humbled the left, and when they moved to the left, they fell; ③ Yang Shuhua: catkin. Sub-rule: cuckoo, sad cry; 4 sub-rules: namely cuckoo; ⑤ Dragon Label: Today, Qianyang, Hunan, was very quiet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem refers to Wang Changling. The ancients often called a person by the name of the state or county where he was an official. ⑥ Five streams: Yuanxi, Wuxi, Xixi, Wuxi and Chenxi, located in western Hunan and eastern Guizhou; 7 follow the trend: one is the "follow the trend king"; ⑧ Yelang: In the Han Dynasty, southwest ethnic minorities established political power in parts of western and northern Guizhou, northeastern Yunnan and southern Sichuan, which was called Yelang. Yelang County was established in Tongzi, Guizhou and Yuanling, Hunan in the Tang Dynasty. This refers to Yelang in Hunan (in today's xinhuang dong autonomous county, adjacent to Qianyang). Li Bai was in the southeast at that time, so he said, "Go with the wind until Yelangxi".
[translation]
Flowers bloom and flowers fall, cuckoos crow, I know you have been demoted to trudge five streams. Entrust my sadness to the bright moon and accompany you to Yelangxi!
[Introduction to the author]
Li Bai (70 1-762), born on February 8, 70 1, Han nationality, was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and was called a poet in the history of China. His poetic style is bold and elegant, with rich imagination, fluent and natural language and harmonious temperament. He is good at absorbing nutrients from folk songs and myths, forming his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors. He is the new peak of active romantic poetry since Qu Yuan, and is also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. He is the greatest poet in China history.
[Appreciation]
Wang Changling moved to Longbiao without fault, so he showed his innocence in the poem "Parting Xin Jian at Furong Inn": "Luoyang's relatives and friends are like asking each other, and there is a piece of ice in the jade pot". After learning of his unfortunate experience, Li Bai sent this poem from afar to express his deep sympathy and comfort.
"I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao kiln to the left and sent this short message" is a good poem to express his anger and comfort at his friend Wang Changling's demotion. Wang Changling is also a bright star in the poetry circle in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and he is famous for writing frontier fortress themes, especially for his seven wonders. In the early days of Tianbao, Li Bai had close contact with Hanlin when he offered sacrifices to him in Chang 'an. Wang Changling had a rough life and his personality was similar to that of Li Bai. The time when Wang Changling was reduced to the Dragon Mark is uncertain. Some people speculate that it was1Tianbao period in 978. Li Bai left Beijing for three years from Tianbao, and now he is in Yangzhou. Hearing the sad news, he wrote a poem to express his feelings and sent it to friends far away.
The first sentence describes the scenery and points out the seasons. Taking the wandering flowers alone in the landscape is called "it is better to go home", which contains the feeling of wandering and the hatred of parting, which conforms to the situation at that time and is also integrated into the scene.
Because the first sentence has been seen at the scene, the second sentence is directly spoken. "Smelling the Tao" means surprise and regret. "Crossing the Five Rivers" shows that the migration road is long and the road is difficult. There are no sad words, only sad meanings.
The last two sentences are very lyrical. People are separated by two places, and it is difficult to follow each other, but the bright moon shines in the sky, and thousands of miles are beautiful. You should send your heart to the bright moon and float with the wind. The meaning expressed in these two poems has three meanings. One is that I am full of worries, have nothing to say, and no one understands. Only this kind of worry is entrusted to the bright moon; Second, only the bright moon shines in two places, and my friends and I can see her; The third is that, therefore, only by relying on her can we get rid of our worries, and there is no other way.
Poet Li Bai expressed like-minded friendship with the way of love between men and women through rich imagination, and endowed the abstract "sad heart" with material attributes. It went to Yelang Creek month by month with the wind. Giving objective things their own feelings and making them have feelings, that is, personalization, is a major feature and advantage of image thinking.
Amazing imagination, detached spirit and clever brushwork fully show Li Bai's artistic personality, which is the real reason why I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao Kiln has long-term artistic charm.
A short message to a friend in the north on a rainy night [Li Shangyin]
You ask that the return date is undecided, and Bashan (1) rains at night and falls into the autumn pool.
When to cut the candle at the west window, only say it rains at dusk.
[Notes]
① Bashan: In the north of Nanjiang County, Sichuan Province.
(2) Cut western window candles together: cut window candles together; Cut the wick under the west window.
Three words: start over.
[translation]
You asked me when I would go home, but I haven't set a date yet. It rains heavily in Bashan tonight, and it rains in autumn pool. When will you and I get together again and cut the candle flowers in the west window? Tonight, I will tell you about the autumn rain, my painful feelings.
[Introduction to the author]
(8 13 ~ 858), the word Yishan,No. Yuxi Sheng and Fan Nansheng. A native of Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan). In the second year (837), he was admitted to Jinshi. Caught in the struggle between Niu and Li, his career was bumpy. He is good at parallel prose, especially poetry, for everyone in the late Tang Dynasty. Poetry is as famous as Du Mu, known as "Little Du Li" and as "Arts and Sciences" as literature.
[Appreciation]
This is Li Shangyin's well-known lyric short chapter, which was written by the poet to his wife in the north. At that time, the poet was blocked by the autumn rain and stayed in the Beijing-Pakistan area. His wife sent a letter from home asking about the date of her return. However, due to the continuous autumn rain and traffic interruption, it is impossible to determine, so reply: Jun asked that the return date is undecided. This sentence has questions and answers, ups and downs, revealing the poet's anxiety about being in a foreign land and having an uncertain return date. The poet and his wife, Mr. Wang, are deeply attached to each other, always looking forward to returning to their hometown as soon as possible, sitting under the west window with his wife, holding a candle and chatting late into the night. At this time, I can only miss it hard. There are only four sentences in the poem, but the scene is integrated with reality, which not only contains the reciprocating contrast of space, but also reflects the cyclic jump of time. "What to do" is the word of imagination, and imagination comes from real scenes. So the second sentence of the late rain has become an imaginary topic, and naturally it has become such a clever poem as "refusing to talk about the late rain".