Altitude sickness prevention measures and handling principles
1. Preparations before entering the plateau:
① Eliminate unnecessary fear of the plateau and avoid excessive mental state Be nervous and get enough rest;
②Those suffering from respiratory infections should try to cure themselves before entering the plateau;
③Women should not enter the plateau before menstruation. Because the secretion of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone increases at this time, it can indirectly cause water and sodium retention, which is prone to altitude sickness;
④ Carry out some adaptive exercises before entering the plateau; take Rhodiola rosea and Compound Salvia miltiorrhiza tablets before entering. Waiting for drugs.
2. Things to note in the first few days after entering the plateau.
①Rest: It can reduce oxygen consumption, but some light activities can cause the muscles to produce a small amount of lactic acid to partially neutralize the alkalemia, which is helpful for adapting to the plateau as soon as possible and adjusting to the rest period at the plateau.
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② Diet: Eat easy-to-digest, nutritious, high-sugar and vitamin-rich foods, eat less fat, avoid alcohol, try not to smoke, and avoid overeating.
③ Oxygen inhalation: Intermittent oxygen inhalation, oxygen flow 1 ~ 2L/min. Can quickly improve hypoxia and relieve clinical symptoms.
3. Cause treatment
The main focus is to improve microcirculation and increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells. Studies by Cui Jianhua and others have shown that three drugs, compound Rhodiola rosea, compound Codonopsis pilosula and Ginkgo biloba leaves, can improve tissue microcirculation and blood rheology, enhance the deformation ability of red blood cells, decrease blood viscosity, and increase blood flow velocity. And compound rhodiola rosea and compound dangshen are better than ginkgo leaves. Studies by Zhang Xuefeng and others have shown that Compound Danshen Dropping Pills can reduce the relative risk of myocardial ischemia in workers who have just entered the plateau; it can prevent 35% of people who are expected to have myocardial ischemia predicted by exercise treadmill electrocardiogram from developing myocardial ischemia; and it can protect people who have already had positive myocardial ischemia on electrocardiogram. The short-term net recovery rate after taking it was 38.94%; it increased serum dihydrogen sulfide (H2S) content and significantly reduced blood pressure, heart rate, the product of the two, and the abnormal rate of SaO2; the results showed that the drug was associated with the improvement of myocardial ischemia and physiological parameters. Closely related. At the same time, the drug can significantly improve the level of cardiovascular physiological adaptation to hypoxia and has the effect of resisting hypoxic pathological damage. It is an ideal anti-hypoxia and hypoxia adaptation drug.
Thinking, symptomatic treatment
① Aminophylline: It has the effects of dilating bronchial tubes, enhancing myocardial contractility and mild diuresis, and can reduce pulmonary artery pressure and improve ventilation. It can be used routinely. 0.1～0.2g, 3 times/day (tid).
②Analgesia: non-steroidal antipyretic analgesics such as painkillers and paramethacin.
③ Antiemetics and elimination of abdominal pain: metoclopramide, modulin, vitamin B6 and other drugs.
④Sedation: 1 to 2 mg of Suradine, taken before going to bed.