Pepper likes temperature and frost, and can grow in the range of 15~30℃. The optimum growth temperature is 23-28℃ during the day and 18-23℃ at night.
When the temperature is lower than 15℃, the plant grows slowly, pollination is difficult, and it is easy to cause flower drop and fruit drop. When the temperature is higher than 35℃, the flower will be stunted or the stigma will be dry and unable to fertilize, and the fruit will not develop normally and dry up.
So when the temperature is above 35℃ in hot days, peppers often don't bear fruit. It is beneficial to reduce the night temperature at full fruit stage, even if it is reduced to 8- 10℃, it can grow and develop well.
In the summer fruit-bearing period, if the soil temperature is too high, especially if the strong light shines directly on the ground, it will be unfavorable to the development of the root system, which will lead to the browning and death of the bare root system and easily induce viral diseases.
In a word, the temperature range of pepper in the whole growth period is 12~35℃, and the suitable temperature difference is I0℃, that is, 26-27℃ during the day and 15- 16℃ at night. Those below 12℃ should be covered with plastic film to keep warm, and those above 35℃ should be watered to cool down.
Extended data
In order to improve the yield and quality of pepper, it is necessary to understand the growth characteristics and fertilizer demand characteristics of pepper and make a scientific fertilization plan.
First of all, it is necessary to clarify the growth law of pepper.
Pepper is a warm vegetable crop, and the suitable growth temperature is generally 25 ~ 30℃. However, after seedlings are planted, they can adapt to a wide range of temperatures, whether high or low.
The requirement for light is not strict, and flower bud differentiation can be completed under general light conditions, and the flower bud differentiation time is early. When the seedlings only have 2 ~ 3 true leaves, flower buds and lateral branches begin to differentiate, which indicates that pepper needs fertilizer earlier and has strong fertilizer tolerance.
Pepper is drought-tolerant but not waterlogging-tolerant. When the air relative humidity is 60% ~ 80%, the fruit setting rate is higher. After the rainy season in midsummer, pepper has a second growth peak, so it should be fertilized in time. In order to achieve high yield of pepper, it is necessary to create suitable ecological conditions to meet the demand of pepper growth and give full play to its potential yield-increasing ability.
Second, do a good job of balanced fertilization according to the formula.
Although pepper has good fertilizer tolerance, it may be damaged if it exceeds the limit. The experiment shows that every 1000 kg of pepper needs 2.5 ~ 3.5 kg of nitrogen, 0.4 ~ 0.8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 4.5 ~ 5.5 kg of potassium oxide, which shows that the demand for potassium is great, followed by nitrogen, but the major, medium and trace elements such as phosphorus, calcium and magnesium cannot be ignored. In production, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer can be applied with reference to this ratio formula.
Third, we should create conditions to optimize fertilization techniques.
1. Choose a well-drained place to grow peppers.
2, to a high standard of land preparation, ditching flood prevention.
3. Organic fertilizer should be used as the main base fertilizer, and 5000 ~ 6000 kg of decomposed soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 3000 kg of poultry manure, 200 ~ 300 kg of commercial organic fertilizer or 50 ~ 100 kg of bio-organic compound fertilizer can be applied every 667 square meters.
4. Apply 30-50kg of calcium superphosphate and 30kg of potassium fertilizer.
5. After planting, topdressing the seedlings with decomposed human excrement and urine, and then topdressing by stages, especially after the rainy season in midsummer, and then applying fruit-continuing fertilizer, with urea 10 ~ 15 kg per 667 square meters.
6. The mixed solution of 0.5% urea and 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed outside the roots during flowering and fruiting period.
References:
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region-High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Pepper