S has 16 protons and 16 electrons, and each O has 8 protons, 8 electrons and 4 O, so there are 32 protons and 32 electrons. But SO42- has a negative charge of two units, so it has 48 protons and 50 electrons.
So42- is the chemical name of sulfate, which can also be called sulfate ion. It is an inorganic ion. In SO ions, the S atom is sp3 hybrid, and the ion has a regular tetrahedron structure. The sulfur atom is located in the center of the regular tetrahedron, and the four oxygen atoms are located at the four vertices of the regular tetrahedron. The bond length of S-O bond is 149pm, which has a large degree of double bond properties. The bonds between four oxygen atoms and sulfur atoms are exactly the same. It exists in solid and aqueous solutions such as sulfuric acid aqueous solution, sulfate and bisulfate. Because sulfate has two electrons to form a stable structure and is negatively charged, it is easy to combine with metal ions or ammonium to form ionic bonds and is stable.