First, introduce the new course:
Buddha said: There are seven pains in life, and Dai Wangshu's Rain Lane embodies "the pain of wanting but not getting." The sixth bitterness in life is "parting". Parting is a constant pain. Life was originally gathered less and separated from more. "Affection has been hurt and separated since ancient times." Feng Zhi's "Parting" wrote, "We wave, and with parting | our world will split in two."
Parting is painful. Only when the flowers bloom and the thunder in winter shakes the rain and snow in summer, do I realize that yesterday's life is today's dream. After all, my love is like sand in my hand. When I dream back at midnight, how can this "love holiday" taste bitter?
Today we are going to learn a poem about parting. See how his description of parting is different from ordinary parting poems. This is Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge. So how do modern people understand parting? Then let's learn Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge now and appreciate the feelings of parting written by modern people!
(On the blackboard) Farewell to Cambridge.
Solution to the problem and author's brief introduction
1. Students know which world famous schools (Harvard University, Oxford University, Cambridge University, Peking University, Tsinghua University, etc. ), and the "Cambridge" in the title is "Cambridge", a famous academic and cultural center and scenic spot in Britain, and the seat of the famous Cambridge University in Britain. It is the place where Xu Zhimo once studied and lived, and his feelings are deep.
2. Xu Zhimo (1897- 193 1), a native of Haining, Zhejiang Province, was originally named Zhang Yi and his real name was Ji Sen. Modern poet and essayist. The representative poet of crescent school. 19 18 studied in the United States,192010-1922 In August, I studied at Cambridge University for my doctorate. Deeply influenced by western education and romantic and aesthetical poets in Europe and America.
His works were included in Xu Zhimo's anthology.
Poems: Farewell to Cambridge, Poems of Zhimo, Cold Jade Night, Tiger Collection, etc.
Prose: Self-Anatomy, Want to Fly, Cambridge as I Know it, Chatting about Yushanju, etc.
Cambridge: Cambridge, a famous academic and cultural center and scenic spot in Britain, is the seat of the famous Cambridge University in Britain. It is the place where Xu Zhimo once studied and lived, and his feelings are deep. Because at Cambridge University, he spent a really leisurely year, which was the happiest day of his life. On the beautiful He Kang River, he lies on his back on the lush lawn dotted with star-like yellow flowers, or reads books, or looks at the clouds in the sky, or goes boating in the blue waves of Hekang River. He was completely intoxicated by the beautiful scenery of Cambridge. /kloc-0 visited London again in July, 925. 1926 10 wrote a famous masterpiece of modern prose-Cambridge as I know it; 1928 came to England for the third time in August. After staying at the home of the British philosopher Russell for one night, a man quietly came to Cambridge to find his English friend. Unfortunately, none of the friends he is looking for are here, only Cambridge, which he is familiar with, is waiting for him quietly, and the scenes of his old life reappear in front of him. On the way home on June 6th, 165438+65438, he was inspired. He wrote a classic handed down from generation to generation-Farewell to Cambridge.
3. Hu Shi has a general evaluation of Xu Zhimo. It is said that "his outlook on life is a kind of' simple belief', and there are only three words in it: one is love, the other is freedom and the other is beauty", which means that he lives for his simple belief. Let's look at his three big characters.
One is freedom. Xu Zhimo is a romantic poet. Advocate free life.
One is love. Xu Zhimo has always regarded love as a god. He thinks this is the source of all motivation. He himself once said that "life is for love". What do we know about his love? After his death, three women fell at his tombstone: his original wife, Zhang Youyi; Also, this is like a cloud in the sky, which accidentally projects on his heart, but soon disappears. What has no result is the talented woman Lin, his soul mate, who once wrote a poem "I will be in the vast sea of people"
Interview my only soul mate
I was lucky to get it.
Lose my life.
That's all "; Another is Lu Xiaoman, who lives in luxury and can't afford to be a social butterfly. He died because he saved money to support his family. We know that in 193 1 year 1 month 65438+9, Xu Zhimo will return to Beiping from Nanjing. In order to save money, he took the free post through a friend's introduction. Unfortunately, on the way, the plane crashed into a mountain near Jinan due to heavy fog. At the age of 34. What a pity, isn't it?
Xu Zhimo's life exists for love, and he finally looks like a beautiful meteor across the horizon.
One is beauty: if his pursuit of love is dedicated to three women, then his pursuit of beauty is a poem dedicated to him. Xu Zhimo is a crescent poet;
4. Crescent School:
The main members are very active.
Crescent school: an important school of poetry in the history of modern new poetry, influenced by Tagore's Crescent Collection. This school of poetry is generally divided into two periods with 1927 as the boundary. Cong Chun 1926, Zhu Xiang, Rao Mengkan, Sun Dayu, Liu, et al. /kloc-in the spring of 0/927, Hu Shi, Xu Zhimo, Wen Yiduo, Liang Shiqiu and others founded Crescent Bookstore, and the following year, Crescent Monthly was founded. The main activities of the Crescent School moved to Shanghai, which was later the Crescent School. Its main positions are New Moon and Poetry, which were founded in 1930. The new members are Chen, Fang and Bian.
Early theory
They are dissatisfied with the style of "free poets" who ignored the art of poetry after the May 4th Movement, advocate new metrical poetry, advocate "rational emotional control", and oppose the promiscuity and prosaic tendency of poetry. From theory to practice, they made a serious exploration of the new poetic meter. Wen Yiduo put forward the famous thought of "three beauties" in his poetic meter, namely, "the beauty of music (the beauty of syllables), the beauty of painting (the beauty of words) and the beauty of architecture (the symmetry of sections and the neatness of sentences). It was put forward in view of the scattered form of new poetry at that time. This proposition laid the theoretical foundation of the new metrical school and made some contributions to the development of new poetry. Therefore, the crescent school is also known as the "new metrical poetry school". The crescent school corrected the weakness of early poetry creation, and also made new poetry enter the period of independent creation.
Late theory
In the later period, the Crescent School put forward the principles of "health" and "dignity", adhered to the position of "pure poetry" which was super-utilitarian, self-expression and aristocratic, and emphasized "purity of essence, thoroughness of technique and rigor of meter". However, the artistic expression and lyricism of poetry are close to modernist schools.
Sanmei
The beauty of music in the "three beauties" means that each section of the new moon poem is different, just like music. Architectural beauty means that the format of poetry is like architecture. The beauty of painting is that every paragraph of the crescent poem is a plot that can be drawn.
There are three beauties in Xu Zhimo's poems: the beauty of music, the beauty of architecture and the beauty of painting. In particular, the song Farewell to Cambridge, which we learned today, embodies his pursuit of beauty.
Supplement:
Speaking of Xu Zhimo, we have to mention three women in his life-Zhang Youyi, Lin Weiyin and Lu Xiaoman. When was Xu Zhimo lucky enough to meet these three women in his life (all three women made outstanding contributions in modern China)? In my opinion, among the three women, Lin Weiyin is the luckiest, Zhang Youyi is the most unfortunate, and Lu Xiaoman is hard to say.
Zhang Youyi, 1900, a native of Jiangsu. Her grandfather was a senior official of the Qing Dynasty, and her brothers Zhang Jiaqing and Zhang Junyou were very influential in the financial and political circles of China at that time. They are famous families. The greatest misfortune in her life was that she married Xu Zhimo in 19 15. After Zhang married Xu Zhimo for three years, he helped Xu Zhimo give birth to his eldest son, Xu Qiukai. Later, Xu Zhimo went to study in England, and a few years later, Zhang Youyi also went to England to reunite with Xu Zhimo. Unexpectedly, when Zhang arrived in England, he found Xu Zhimo's crazy pursuit. Xu Zhimo even forced Zhang Youyi to divorce, and even left pregnant Zhang Youyi after Zhang Youyi refused to divorce. This unfortunate marriage ended in 192 1 After studying in Zhang Youyi for several years, she returned to Shanghai, founded Shang Yun Company, and took over Shanghai Women's Commercial Bank, becoming the first contemporary female banker in China. Zhang Youyi should be the woman who loves Xu Zhimo the most. Xu Zhimo has never treated her well in his life. However, after divorcing Xu Zhimo, Zhang Youyi took care of the Xu family, and even presided over the compilation of the Complete Works of Xu Zhimo after his death.
What about Lin Weiyin? No matter in which era, she is a favored one. Lin Weiyin has a beautiful appearance, distinguished family background, proud career, happy love and marriage. I have been loved by three men in different ways in my life-Liang Sicheng is the most tolerant, Xu Zhimo is the most romantic, and Jin is the most infatuated. I believe many people know how romantic Xu Zhimo is. Her husband, Liang Sicheng, is congenial to Lin Zhiqu, and their co-writing of the architectural history of China has become a much-told story. Jin, who was fascinated by her, never got married. Even years after Lin Weiyin's death, she solemnly invited her best friend to Beijing Hotel to celebrate Lin Weiyin's birthday.
Lu Xiaoman was accused by Xu Zhimo all his life. Lu Xiaoman, 1903, is from Shanghai. He comes from a scholarly family and is proficient in English and French. He is good at painting oil paintings. At the age of 20, Lu Xiaoman married General Wang Geng, who graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, and later met Xu Zhimo. They started a thrilling love and finally got married. Unexpectedly, when Lu Xiaoman was 29 years old, Xu Zhimo went to give a lecture and the plane crashed on his way back to Beijing, so Lin became the last woman in Xu Zhimo's life. Later, Lu Xiaoman worshipped He and studied painting as a teacher. After Xu Zhimo's death, he expressed his love for landscape painting.
In my opinion, Zhang Youyi is the one Xu Zhimo is most sorry for in his life. In fact, Zhang Youyi has both talent and beauty. As long as Xu cherishes and digs, he can easily find the benefits of Zhang Youyi. I feel that his ruthlessness towards Zhang Youyi seems to be an objection, because their marriage is arranged.
Second, the overall perception of poetry
Let's study this poem in detail. Listen to the teacher's demonstration and recitation first. (teacher recites)
How does this poem give you an overall feeling? Is it beautiful? (USA)
Teacher: Let the students read aloud as a whole and appreciate the artistic beauty of poetry.
Teacher: Read aloud and correct.
Thirdly, analyze poetry.
Teacher: Let's analyze it according to the "three beauties". First, let's look at one of them.
(A), the beauty of music and architecture
This poem has a special musical aesthetic feeling. Let's see: How many verses does the poem have? (Section 7). Every poem rhymes. What rhymes are there? Please find rhyme (come, color; Mom, hey; Shake it, grass; Rainbow, dream; Hui, Song; Xiao, bridge; Come on, Cai. Did the students find any features in the rhyme of the first and last stanza? (Similarly, the structural characteristics of the first and seventh sections are: echoing from beginning to end, rigorous structure, giving people the beauty of the whole. )。 This produces a sense of ups and downs and a gentle and soothing melody.
Students, how many stanzas does this poem have in form? (Section 7) How many lines are there in each section? (four lines and one section), are the words in each line the same? What are the characteristics of sentence arrangement? (No, the number of words per line is basically six or seven words, and occasionally there are eight words. Generally speaking, the number of words is close. The arrangement of each section is piecemeal. Very architectural beauty.
Teacher: Well, students, we have just learned the structural characteristics of the first and seventh verses: the beginning and the end echo each other, so how can we divide the poem into several parts according to this? (three parts)
The first part (1): at the beginning, I point out my nostalgia for Cambridge and set the tone for the whole poem.
The second part (2-6): Express infinite love for Cambridge with unique images.
Part III (7): Take care of the beginning, inherit the summary, and show the nostalgia for Cambridge.
(B), the beauty of painting
The first section: girls read aloud.
Teacher: Ask how many "light" words are used in this section. ? Whether these three "gentleness" are repetitive or not. Why? -the first two "gently" mean to come gently and go gently. I just came here and left alone. No one answered, no one sent, everyone was quiet and lonely. What is the third "tenderness" How do you feel when we wave gently? Let's demonstrate. Wave your arm. If you wave hard, what does it feel like to "go, go"? Very free and easy, I don't care. And Xu Zhimo's "gentle" wave shows what kind of mood he has-reluctant to leave.
As a long-lost student, it's really sad to leave my alma mater. The use of the three words "tenderness" makes us feel that the poet seems to stand on tiptoe, like a breeze, quietly swinging away; And the deepest affection, in the tide, has become a "floating cloud in the west." The poet avoided the object of farewell poems in general. Generally speaking, people bid farewell to poetry, but this poem bid farewell not to people, but to "clouds in the west", and the poet used metonymy here, "clouds in the west." It refers to all the beautiful things in Cambridge. The object of farewell moved from the earth to the sky, jumping out of the routine of "holding hands to see tears" or greeting, giving people a fresh and elegant feeling. Three: "Gently" creates a light and soft atmosphere, creating a quiet and lingering atmosphere), so this picture has a "reluctant beauty."
Section 2: Boys read aloud.
Teacher: There is an image in the second quarter. What? Golden willow
Teacher: As the saying goes, "flowers are red and green". In the author's pen, why are the willows by the river "golden"? Because the green willows are illuminated by the setting sun and plated with charming gold. )
Teacher: The golden wicker is swaying in the wind, and its shadow is reflected in the water. What is it like? Beautiful bride. Compare the willow tree to the bride. Turn a lifeless landscape into a living person. The beautiful image of this beautiful bride is reflected in He Kanghe and also in my heart. And stir up layers of emotional ripples)
Teacher: Like a bride in the sunset. The sunset glow gave her sparkling colors. Her symmetrical tree is graceful. In Xu Zhimo's eyes, Liu Jin is like a bride, and "I" is the groom. What is the author's feeling about this situation? Fall in love with everything in Cambridge as soon as possible, as if you are happy to marry a new person, and you are deeply infatuated. ) Then the title of our painting is The Beauty of Joy.
This article describes many images.
The Golden Willow has been analyzed and explained. Let's analyze other images. )
Part III: Reading aloud by the whole class
Teacher: What images are described in the third section? Luo Qing.
Teacher: What is the technique of "grass on soft mud, shiny and swaying under water"? What's the role?
Anthropomorphic, green water plants swaying in the water waves, comfortable and calm. And it means to greet the poet. (Among them, "ostentatious" is often derogatory and often used with "crossing the market"
Here is a compliment: it means freedom. )
Expressed the deep affection and loveliness of oily grass and the poet's eternal love for He Kang.
7. What do you think best expresses the poet's feelings for Cambridge? What kind of feeling is this?
In the gentle waves of Cambridge, I would like to be a water plant!
I would like to be a water plant. What is aquatic plants? This is a free aquatic plant. In the clear He Kang River, the water plants are swaying. It is the author's yearning for freedom that makes him willingly become a part of Cambridge. Here, the author not only expresses the unity of things and me, but also expresses the poet's eternal love for He Kang, wishing to live in He Kang forever, be born and raised in Sri Lanka, and never part. Therefore, this painting can be called "the beauty of freedom"
Part IV: Reading aloud by the whole class
Teacher: What image does this part describe? "Pool"-Byron Pool
Teacher: The author's perspective has shifted from the golden willow on the shore to the oily green grass at the bottom of the water. Then he turned his eyes to Byron Lake.
Teacher: What does the clear spring covered with elms reflect? There is a rainbow-like dream in the pool. ""What is a dream? "This is the author's dream." What is the author's dream like? "Rainbow-like, what color is the rainbow?" Colorful "means that the author's dream is colorful."
Teacher: Where did the author's old dream die? (impetuous), but has it disappeared? (No) It lives here and is as beautiful as a rainbow. Through the beautiful scenery in front of us, we can taste the bitterness and melancholy in the poet's heart. So this is "gorgeous beauty"
Part V: The teacher reads aloud.
Teacher: What image does this part describe? Grass and starlight
Teacher: The author is going to dream to find his good life in the past. Xu Zhimo pursued "love, beauty and freedom" all his life. )
He seems to forget that she is leaving Cambridge. He walked a long pole to the greener part of the grass until he was brilliant, from sunset to glory, which showed that the author had stayed in Cambridge for a long time and that he was unwilling to leave Cambridge. It is in this unconsciousness that the author forgets his coming departure. But where the stars are shining? (Singing loudly).
Teacher: Students, the author sings loudly in the scattered places, giving people a romantic feeling. Yes, when Xu Zhimo was studying in Cambridge, not only the scenery here intoxicated the poet, but also a love affair without an ending made him unforgettable. During this period, he was lucky enough to know and fall in love with Lin, a lively and beautiful girl from China, who left too many wonderful memories here. At this time, the poet remembered the unforgettable love affair and her beloved. (Continued from the teacher's book on page 1 12) This is the beauty of romance.
Part VI: Personal reading.
Teacher: What image does this part describe? "summer worm"
Teacher: I said earlier (dreaming? Carrying a boat full of splendor, singing in splendor, but I can't sing. Why did I say I couldn't sing? )
Infinitely attached to Cambridge world, cherish it in every way. I don't want to break the peace. I, Xia Chong and Cambridge were all silent. I feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn. Cambridge merged with the author.
The teacher concluded: The author suddenly came back to reality from his dream and realized that I was leaving today. The atmosphere suddenly fell silent. He couldn't sing because of the heavy separation, but quietly played the farewell flute, savoring the sadness of separation in silence. All is silent. Even the summer worm in the green grass seems to feel the feeling of parting and be silent for him. In the past, the laughter and laughter in Cambridge made people feel lonely when they left. This is a silent story, more than what they tell with their voices. Silence is worth a thousand words! This is a silent beauty.
Part 7: The whole class reads aloud.
Teacher: Students, most people in China like a place and like to engrave "XXX, come here." Or pick a handful of flowers and take some sokcho back as a souvenir. But the poet loves Cambridge, but he "doesn't take away a cloud". What did he show?
It shows that the poet doesn't want to spoil his beloved Cambridge tenderly, and he can't bear to make Cambridge sad with me. I don't want to recall the past relationship. It shows the poet's deep love, true love, pure love and kindness to Cambridge.
Teacher's summary: echo with the beginning. Clouds can't be taken away, but in what way does the poet emphasize that "a cloud can't be taken away" (exaggerated), plus two "quietly" revealed that the poet didn't want to plunder his beloved Cambridge with gentle affection, and he couldn't bear to make Cambridge sad with me. This paragraph is not a simple repetition of the first paragraph, but more affectionate and nostalgic. This is a sad beauty.
Teacher: Well, we can see that in this poem, I bid farewell to the clouds, I married Liu Jin, I am integrated with the green grass, my gorgeous dream is integrated with the pool, my romance shines in the starlight, summer insects are my bosom friends, and every grass and tree in Cambridge has deep feelings for me. I am leaving Cambridge. How can I not be sad? In this poem, there are no tears, less noise and more peace when people part. The scenery is heartless, but you can meet enthusiastic people, and the heartless scenery has feelings. The clouds on the horizon seem to have the intention of leaving people, but they can't keep up with the pace of the author's departure. They can only watch him leave, and endless feelings of parting are revealed in this cloud. The scene is already like this, why can it be embarrassing? "
You see, this is the beauty of painting in the "three beauties of poetry".
Fourth, summarize the whole poem.
Today, we learned this modern poem. What levels do we appreciate?
1) Appreciate poetry from its imagery (imagery is an objective image that incorporates the poet's subjective feelings)
Selected: clouds, golden willows, soft waves, green grass, starlight and other natural scenery.
What is the role of the selection of these images?
Choose natural scenery such as clouds to avoid artificial fireworks and create a sense of freshness. At the same time, these images are soft and lyrical, saturated with the author's eternal love for He Kang.
2) Appreciate poetry from the form of poetry.
Farewell to Cambridge has three beauties in form: painting beauty, music beauty and architecture beauty.
In this lesson, we appreciate modern poetry from the image and form of poetry. Students should learn these two methods to appreciate new poetry.