Every year around 65438+1October 8 (65438+1October 8 ~ 9), when the sun moves to longitude 195 degrees, it is the cold dew of 24 solar terms. "Cold dew" means that the temperature in this period is lower than that in "White dew", and the dew on the ground is colder and will soon condense into frost. Twenty-four solar terms: "September solar terms, dew will condense when it is cold." If the "white dew" solar term marks the change from hot to cold, then the summer heat has not completely disappeared, and crystal dew can still be seen in the morning. Then the "cold dew" solar term is a symbol of cold weather, marking the transition from cool to cold. The dew is cold and radiant. As the saying goes, "cold dew cold, Coody Leng everywhere dew".
Related allusions
In ancient China, the cold dew was divided into three stages: "The first stage was the swan goose; Second, the sparrow enters the water and becomes a clam; Three chrysanthemums have yellow flowers. " In this solar term, geese move south in a line or herringbone queue; In the cold late autumn, all the birds disappeared. The ancients saw a large number of clams suddenly appearing on the seashore. The stripes and colors of shells were very similar to those of birds, and they thought they were birds. The third stage of "Chrysanthemum begins to blossom" means that the chrysanthemum has opened in a large area at this time.
According to climatology, after the cold dew, the cold air in the north has a certain influence, and most parts of China are controlled by cold high pressure, and the rainy season is over. The weather is usually warm during the day and cool at night, with clear skies in Wan Li and a scene of late autumn. In normal years, at this time, the isotherm of 10℃ has moved southward to the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River, and generally falls below 0℃ to the north of the Great Wall. The first frost can be seen in most years in Beijing, the capital. In addition to the perennial snow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it has generally begun to snow in the northeast and northern Xinjiang. Thunderstorms have disappeared in most parts of Chinese mainland, and thunder can be heard only in parts of Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou. The precipitation in June 5438+ 10 in North China is generally only half or less than that in September, while in Northwest China it is only a few millimeters to more than 20 millimeters. Drought and lack of rain often bring difficulties to timely sowing of winter wheat and become one of the main limiting factors for high yield of dry land wheat.
In the year of cold dew, the rainfall in South China is also decreasing day by day. Most of the western part of South China is about 20 mm, and the eastern part is generally about 30 to 40 mm. It rains frequently, day and night, which affects the emergence of "Sanqiu" and becomes disastrous weather in most parts of South China. The climatic characteristics associated with the rain in Mao Mao are: high humidity, more clouds, less sunshine and more cloudy days, and the number of foggy days has obviously increased since then. However, whether the autumn rain seriously affects the progress and quality of "Sanqiu" directly. To this end, on the one hand, we should use the weather forecast to harvest and sow in sunny days; On the other hand, according to local conditions, we should take various effective farming measures such as deep ditch and high compartment to reduce wet damage and improve sowing quality. In the plateau area, before and after the cold dew is one of the most serious seasons of snow damage. Snow jams traffic and harms animal husbandry production, so we should pay attention to prevention.
Agricultural knowledge
After the cold dew, the cold air in the north has a certain influence, and most parts of China are controlled by cold high pressure, and the rainy season is over. The weather is often warm during the day and cool at night, with clear skies and Wan Li, which is very beneficial to the autumn harvest. Thunderstorms have disappeared in most parts of Chinese mainland, and thunder can be heard only in parts of Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou. The precipitation in June 5438+ 10 in North China is generally only half or less than that in September, while in Northwest China it is only a few millimeters to more than 20 millimeters. Drought and lack of rain often bring difficulties to timely sowing of winter wheat and become one of the main limiting factors for high yield of dry land wheat.
At this time, it is still autumn rain in Hainan and Southwest China, and rainy weather will also occur in Jianghuai and Jiangnan in a few years, which will have a certain impact on autumn harvest and autumn planting.
"Cold dew doesn't pick cotton, and first frost doesn't complain." . When the weather is good, we should pay close attention to harvesting cotton. When the temperature drops early, we can take it back when the temperature is not too low. One-season late rice is about to mature in Jianghuai and Jiangnan, and double-season late rice is filling. Pay attention to intermittent irrigation to keep the fields moist.
The southern rice areas should also pay attention to prevent the harm of "cold dew wind". North China should hurry to sow wheat. At this time, in case of drought and little rain, we should try our best to accumulate soil moisture, grab soil moisture for sowing, and ensure that sowing is completed before and after the first frost. We must not passively wait for rain to lead to planting early crops and late wheat. Before and after the cold dew is the suitable sowing date for direct seeding rape in the Yangtze River basin, and the variety arrangement should be to sow cabbage varieties first and then cabbage varieties. Those who sow green manure in the south of Huaihe River should be cleaned up, and those who have emerged should be cleaned and drained to prevent waterlogging. The tuber swelling of sweet potato in North China Plain has gradually stopped, and the probability that the morning temperature is lower than 10℃ or lower is gradually increasing. According to the weather conditions, we should pay close attention to harvesting and strive to finish it before the first frost, otherwise potato tubers will "harden their hearts" because they are frozen underground for too long, reducing the value of eating, feeding and industrial utilization, and cannot be stored or used as seeds.
The cold weather with dew is very beneficial to the autumn harvest. There is an agricultural proverb: yellow fireworks should also be collected, and adult fish should also be collected with lotus roots. Soybean is harvested in the cold open air, pomegranate and hawthorn are picked. Cold dew peach is a late-maturing peach variety in the north, and its maturity is around cold dew peach, so it is named "cold dew peach".
Solar term diet
In the cold dew season, you should eat more soft foods such as sesame, glutinous rice, japonica rice, honey and dairy products, and at the same time increase chicken, duck, beef, pig liver, fish, shrimp, jujube and yam to increase your physical fitness; Eat less spicy products, such as pepper, ginger, onion, garlic, etc., because overeating spicy food will hurt the yin essence of the body. If you can cook a hundred dates and lotus seeds, it is also a good way to keep fit. Ginkgo porridge often drinks them and often eats some yams and horseshoes.
The health care of cold dew diet should be based on a balanced diet of five flavors. According to the individual's specific situation, eating more sweet, light and moist foods can not only replenish the spleen and stomach, but also moisten the lungs and intestines to prevent dry throat and mouth. Vegetables include carrots, wax gourd, lotus root, tremella and beans, fungi, kelp and seaweed. Eat warm food for breakfast, and it is best to drink hot medicinal porridge, because both japonica rice and glutinous rice have good functions of strengthening the spleen and stomach and invigorating the middle qi, such as sugarcane porridge, Yuzhu porridge, Adenophora adenophora porridge, raw porridge, Yuzhu porridge and so on. Middle-aged and elderly people and patients with chronic diseases should eat more red dates, lotus seeds, yams, ducks, fish, meat and other foods.
Autumn has been a golden autumn since ancient times, and the lung belongs to gold in the five elements, so lung qi corresponds to golden autumn qi. "In the golden autumn season, it is dry." At this time, the dryness of pathogenic factors will easily invade the human body and consume the yin essence of the lungs. If nursed back to health improperly, the human body will have a series of autumn dryness symptoms such as dry throat, dry nose and dry skin. Therefore, the diet in late autumn should nourish yin and moisten dryness (lung). The ancients said, "In autumn, you should eat hemp to moisten it."
Eat mother crab
As the saying goes, "the west wind blows, the crab's feet itch", and the taste of crabs will be "positive" as soon as they are cold. "Umbilical ball in September, sharp in October", the female crab is full of eggs and rich in yellow paste during the cold dew season, which is the best season to eat female crabs. After October of the lunar calendar, it is the male crab's turn to eat best. However, people with allergies, stomach cold, pregnant women and hyperlipidemia should not eat crab roe. In addition, it should be noted that crabs should not be eaten with persimmons to avoid stomach stones.
Drink "cold dew tea"
Old Nanjing has the habit of drinking "cold dew tea". Before and after the cold dew is the best time for tea tree growth. The tea collected three days before and four days after the cold dew every year is called "Zhengqiu tea", and Zhengqiu tea is the best in autumn tea. Cold dew tea is neither as fresh and tender as spring tea, nor as dry and bitter as summer tea, but it has a unique sweetness and mellow flavor, which is especially loved by old tea customers.
Solar terms taboo
Avoid disease-free makeup.
If you are not sick, you will not only increase your expenses, but also harm yourself. If you take too much cod liver oil, it will lead to poisoning. If you take glucose for a long time, it will cause obesity, increase blood cholesterol and easily induce cardiovascular diseases. [
Avoid the difference between too much and too little.
The treatment principle of traditional Chinese medicine is to replenish deficiency. It does not mean that patients with asthenia should not use tonics. Deficiency is divided into yin deficiency, yang deficiency, qi deficiency and blood deficiency. Only the right medicine can make up the body, otherwise it will be counterproductive and will hurt the body.
Although health care is not as strict as treating diseases, at least the dining objects should be divided into two categories: cold and heat. Slightly cold people are afraid of cold and like heat, their hands and feet are not warm, their mouth is pale and drooling, their stools are thin, their urine is long, their tongue is pale and their pulse is heavy. Fever, fever in hands and feet, dry mouth, bitter taste, bad breath, dry stool, short and red urine, red tongue and rapid pulse. If you don't distinguish between cold and heat, it will easily lead to "adding fuel to the fire."
The more you avoid, the better
Eating too many supplements is harmful. It is unscientific to think that "take more tonics, treat diseases and strengthen the body without diseases". If you take ginseng antler supplements too much, it will cause bloating and not think about diet; Taking too much vitamin C can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Avoid all supplements and meat.
Animal food is undoubtedly a good tonic. It is not only nutritious, but also delicious. However, meat is not easy to digest and absorb. If you eat too much for a long time, you will often be overwhelmed by the elderly whose gastrointestinal function has declined. Some "by-products" in the process of meat digestion, such as excessive lipids and sugars, are often the causes of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases in the elderly, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. A light diet is not without supplements, especially vegetables. Modern nutrition believes that fresh fruits and vegetables contain a variety of vitamins and trace elements, which are essential nutrients for human body.
Never feed on medicine.
It is unscientific to value medicine over food. I don't know that many foods are also therapeutic drugs. Eating more shepherd's purse can treat high blood pressure; Eating more radishes can strengthen the stomach, promote digestion, flatten the chest, resolve phlegm and relieve cough; Eating more yam can replenish the spleen and stomach. Daily consumption of walnuts, peanuts, red dates, lentils, lotus roots, etc. It is also a good supplement.
Avoid emphasizing "in" more than "out"
With the improvement of people's living standards, many families have meat and fish every day, and the food is greasy. The acidic toxic substances produced by the metabolism of these foods need to be discharged in time, and the accelerated pace of life makes many people have irregular defecation and even constipation. Therefore, in recent years, health experts put forward a new concept of health care that pays attention to "negative nutrition", that is, paying attention to the discharge of human excreta, reducing the retention and absorption of "enterotoxin", and advocating timely and unobstructed defecation while supplementing.
Avoid constant "compensation"
Some people like to take some tonic according to their own tastes, and then they have changed from being unchanged for many years to "partial eclipse" and "overeating", which is not good for their health. Because drugs and food not only have health care and therapeutic effects, but also have certain side effects, long-term use will affect the nutritional balance in the body. Especially for the elderly, not only the functions of various organs have declined to varying degrees, but also they need comprehensive and systematic conditioning, and different seasons also have different demands for health care drugs and food. Therefore, it is very necessary to adjust according to different situations, and it is impossible to make up for it in the same way.
Avoid the more expensive, the more you make up.
"Rare things are precious", noble traditional foods such as bird's nest and shark's fin have no peculiar dietotherapy function, while very common foods such as sweet potatoes and onions have dietotherapy value worthy of attention.
In addition, all dietotherapy has certain objects and indications, so the medicated diet should be determined according to the needs, and "what is lacking should be supplemented", which cannot be divided according to the level, especially for the elderly, based on the principle of practical low price.