The foreign culture, economy and trade of Song Dynasty spread all over Asia and as far away as Africa? In the exchange activities, in addition to traditional silk, the commodities exported overseas in the Song Dynasty were mainly porcelain?
What is the production technology of porcelain industry in the Northern Song Dynasty? Color and variety have reached an unprecedented level? The products of the five famous kilns originated from their fine craftsmanship. Elegant style, is it a commodity that overseas countries are scrambling to buy? Kaifeng official kiln? Yuezhou Ge Kiln is located along the canal, and other famous kilns such as Dingzhou Ding Kiln? Ruzhou Ruyao? The products of Yuzhou Mace Kiln were transported from the Canal to Hangzhou and transferred to Mingzhou. Guangzhou port is shipped overseas?
Because porcelain is fragile, land transportation is far less safe and convenient than water transportation. So, the Grand Canal is a direct shipment of Sino-Chongqing porcelain from its place of origin to Japan? Koryo? South Asia? Persia and Africa? Europe offers the most convenient and reliable conditions?
At that time, the envoys and businessmen who came to the Song Dynasty from overseas were mostly Koreans who ate and drank? These foreign envoys used a large amount of silver given by the Song Dynasty to buy things needed by the royal family or the country, such as silk from China, in Kaifeng, the capital, or in places they passed by? Porcelain and so on. Return with a full load? Hangzhou along the Grand Canal? Suzhou? Mingzhou? Zhou Zhen and other places are places where they gather and trade?
The government of the song dynasty also encouraged businessmen from all over the country to trade in the envoy's residence and provided them with various convenient conditions? At that time, there were more than 50 countries doing business with the Song Dynasty. To this end, the government set up a trade organization in Kaifeng to sell goods from all over the country to foreign businessmen at higher prices, up to more than 500,000 yuan.
At the same time, the government also allows China businessmen to import some spices from the South China Sea? Jewelry? Ivory resold to foreign investors for profit?
Folk businessmen also bought a lot of spices in Bianjing, transported them in the canal south to the East Zhejiang Canal, and trafficked them to Japan for a long distance, and also brought silk made in China? China? Tea and other commodities? They exchanged placer gold in Japan? Sulfur? Mercury? Silk cloth? Fan? Knives, swords, etc. , will be loaded with Japanese goods along the canal into the Bianjing market for sale? At that time, the area around Suoguo Temple in Bianjing was a bustling trading market, where you could see Japanese swords? A fan of painting? Screen, etc?
North Korea is the country with the closest contact with the Song Dynasty. Song Shenzong "treats Koreans the most, and all the pavilions along the road are named Korea Pavilion"? There are countless tributes from both sides? In ancient society, the essence of this kind of tribute in foreign exchanges was a commercial trade behavior?
Koreans were good at boating, and the canal opened to the sea in Song Dynasty, which provided extremely convenient conditions for the communication between Song and North Korea? Han will be a good horse? Gold and silver? Bronzes were brought into China in exchange for a lot of porcelain? Tea? Lacquer? Due to the frequent trade between the two sides, the Song government set up a "Yunlai Division" in Mingzhou, along the East Zhejiang Canal, which was responsible for the trade with the DPRK and was equipped with two giant ships? More than 100 boats are only used by Korean businessmen? And set up a Korea Pavilion in Mingzhou to provide accommodation for Korean businessmen? Every time the south Korean government sent envoys to the song dynasty, it searched a lot of books, and the song dynasty government also gave south Korea a lot of classics? These books were transported from Kaifeng to Mingzhou by canal?
Paper industry in Song Dynasty? Engraving Movable type printing technology has developed rapidly, and the book engraving industry is also very developed. In order to meet the needs of overseas businessmen and envoys, many bookstores have appeared along the canal? Kaifeng at that time? Hangzhou is the center of the national printing industry, and private businessmen often carve China classics and transport them to North Korea for sale through canals? Many books have flowed into Korea, which has a great influence on Korean culture?
With the frequent business exchanges, the cultural exchanges between Japan and the Song Dynasty have also developed continuously, mainly manifested in the frequent exchange of visits between Buddhists of the two countries?
In Song Taizong, the monk Chengsuan crossed the sea into the Song Dynasty by the Song merchant ship, traveled to Tiantai Mountain, then entered the canal, took a boat to the north, and arrived at Bianjing. After seeing Song Taizong, he went to Wutai in the north and visited Longmen in the west, and then returned to Bianjing? Song Taizong was very polite and gave the Song version of the Tripitaka and many China classics? Four years later, Japanese monks crossed the border into Song Dynasty, went down from Bianhe River to Taizhou and returned to China by Song merchant ship?
A few years later, the Japanese monk was silent. Deng Yuan and others came to Song Dynasty one after another, and Song Zhenzong awarded them the titles of Master and Purple Clothes respectively. After that, he went down to the south of the Yangtze River and stayed in Wumen Temple in Suzhou for many years?
During the Southern Song Dynasty, because the vast area north of the Huaihe River was occupied by Jurchen, only the section south of the Huaihe River was under the control of the Southern Song regime? The Lin 'an section of the canal played a full role, maintaining the traffic between the capital and the sea, making Yuhang four bright and connecting five cities?
The southern song dynasty government also invested a lot of manpower and material resources to dredge the canal channel, maintain the riverbank and keep this section of the channel unblocked? At that time, due to the good navigation conditions of the canal and the relative stability in the south, the number of foreign businessmen entering the Southern Song Dynasty increased year by year, and the cities along the canal prospered? Active trading? During the Song Dynasty, the relationship between China and West Asia further developed? At that time, the goods that China trafficked to the Arab region were mainly silk? China? Paper and musk?
Guangzhou, China? Quanzhou? On the other hand, Yangzhou is frequented by Arab businessmen, who usually sell spices? Medicinal materials? Rhino horn? Jewelry is shipped to China, and then silk is bought? Porcelain and other commodities? Is it in Guangzhou? There are also many wealthy Arab businessmen living in Quanzhou? Arabs put Arab culture, such as astronomy? Calendar? When medicine was introduced into China, China culture spread to the west?
Paper making in China? Alchemy? Gunpowder compass, etc. They first spread to Africa and Europe, which played a great role in the development of western culture?
There were also exchanges between Song Dynasty and Africa? Mogadishu on the East African coast? Brava? Zanzibar Island? Mafia island? Coins from the Tang and Song Dynasties are constantly found in Kilwa Islands and other places. In Gedi? Pemba Island? Zanzibar Island? Porcelain and porcelain fragments of the Song Dynasty were also found in Tanganyika and Kilwa Islands? These are historical testimony of China's contacts with Africa?