Different from North Korea's political hereditary system, South Korea has formed a unique economic hereditary system. In recent decades, more than a dozen South Korean chaebol have been controlling the lifeblood of the Korean economy.
The emergence of South Korean chaebol group
After the civil war on the Korean peninsula, South Korea's infrastructure was completely destroyed, its economy collapsed and its people were in dire straits. From 65438 to 0963, after park chung-hee took office, he took economic development as the top priority, and launched the Xinxiang Village Movement and the five-year plan of Korea according to the national conditions of Korea. As a small country with less than 654.38 million square kilometers, South Korea has a small domestic market and can only develop foreign trade and expand the international market. At the same time, North Korea has also put some pressure on South Korea, and concentrated development of military industry has become South Korea's first choice. The rapid development of Korean economy began in the park chung-hee era.
Heavy industry investment is large, but the effect is slow. As a capitalist country, South Korea can develop state-owned enterprises, which is different from socialist countries. Therefore, at the beginning of economic development, the Korean government chose key enterprises in various heavy industries to support them. With the rapid development of South Korea's economy, key enterprises supported by the Korean government have also begun to take off. Over time, these enterprises have achieved monopoly in this industry and finally formed a chaebol to control the Korean economy. For example, Samsung Group in the electronics industry, SK (Jing Xian) Group with chemical, semiconductor and telecommunications as its core.
In 1970s and 1980s, South Korea became one of the four little dragons in Asian economy, and at the same time, South Korean chaebol also grew into giants.
The present situation of South Korean chaebol, taking Samsung Group as an example.
In South Korea, there is a saying that "from birth to death, Samsung is indispensable", and the social status of the management of Samsung Group is even higher than that of government officials. Samsung Group is the largest enterprise in Korea, with 85 subsidiaries and more than 300 offices in 70 regions and countries, with a total of nearly 200,000 employees. Business involves electronics, finance, machinery, chemistry and many other fields. Three companies under the Group entered Fortune magazine's list of the world's top 500 in 2003, among which Samsung Electronics ranked 59th, Samsung products ranked 1 15, and Samsung Life ranked 236th. . The total assets of Samsung Group account for 15% of South Korea's gross national product, and even South Korea's "Central Daily News" is run to speak for it. Li Jianxi, current president of Samsung Group
More than 80% of South Korea's annual GDP is produced by the largest 10 chaebol. Many of them are familiar brands: Samsung, Hyundai, LG, Kia, Lotte, etc …
Let's take a look at some famous chaebol enterprises:
Samsung Group
Samsung Group is the largest multinational enterprise group in Korea, established in 1938, and is the largest consortium in Korea, with an influence comparable to that of an old enemy. The overall income of the Samsung consortium exceeds 300 billion US dollars, accounting for more than 20% of South Korea's GDP.
Samsung Group includes many international subsidiaries, including Samsung Electronics, Samsung Products, Samsung Airlines and Samsung Life Insurance. Samsung has 230,000 employees in 429 locations in 68 countries around the world, and its business covers many fields such as electronics, finance, machinery and chemistry.
Three companies under the Samsung Group have entered the Fortune Global 500: Samsung Electronics, Samsung Products and Samsung Life. Samsung Electronics is the second largest mobile phone manufacturer and the largest electronic enterprise in the world. The market value of Samsung Electronics alone can exceed the global GDP of 140 countries and regions.
Korea Hyundai group
During the whole 65,438+00 years at the end of last century, Hyundai Group has been ranked first in the list of large enterprise groups in Korea. At its peak, it had more than 80 subsidiaries and 65,438+080,000 employees. Its business spans dozens of industries such as automobile, shipbuilding and construction, and its annual sales are equivalent to the budget of the Korean government.
Hyundai Group is the largest enterprise in Korean construction industry. South Korea 18 nuclear power plants, 12 were built by Hyundai Construction Group. Hyundai Motor Group, Korea's largest automobile company, has an annual output of over 5 million vehicles, ranking seventh in the world. Ulsan factory is the largest automobile factory in the world; Hyundai Heavy Industry Group is the largest shipyard in the world. Hyundai Electronics is the second largest chip manufacturer in the world.
LG company
LG 1947 started from the chemical industry, and 1958 entered the electronic industry. At present, its four business areas are chemistry and energy, electronics and energy, electronics and communication, finance and service industry, and it is the most extensive Korean enterprise. At present, it has 6,543,800+6,000 employees worldwide, and it is an international enterprise group leading the world's industrial development.
At present, LG Group has set up more than 300 overseas offices in 17 1 countries and regions, covering six major fields, including chemical energy, electrical and electronic, mechanical metals, trade services, finance, public welfare and sports.
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Lotte Group is the largest enterprise in the circulation industry in Korea. Lotte Group's business has expanded to 20 countries including China and Japan, with more than 30 listed and unlisted companies. Lotte Group is now the largest enterprise consortium in Korean food industry.
Korea Lotte Group was established on 1948, ranking fifth among the top ten enterprises in Korea, with annual sales of 30 billion US dollars, mainly engaged in food, beverage, logistics, tourism, heavy industry, construction, chemical industry, commerce, communication and finance.
After each chaebol has its own advantages, they have borrowed strong economic advantages to expand and merge Korean enterprises, large and small.
Every consortium has become a huge monster, controlling all aspects of Koreans. Small and medium-sized enterprises have no place to stand.
The only serious way for ordinary people to live a good life is to study hard and work in the chaebol group.
Or lucky enough to marry into a rich family, which may also be the reason why South Korea is rich in overbearing presidents who fall in love with my series.
It doesn't matter that South Korea's economic chaebol is not a chaebol. All you have to do is keep an eye on people. The world will continue to be far away from everyone. The chaebol changed people illegally, but it doesn't mean that they can control the government with a little money. So many people in the chaebol can't find someone to replace you? I don't believe it.
Today, most chaebol in South Korea are supported by the park chung-hee-era government. Since the development of these chaebols, Samsung Group, Hyundai Group, LG Group, SK Group and other large multinational companies have emerged, which are world-renowned and play a very important role in the Korean economy. In 20 10, Samsung's sales alone accounted for 22. 1% of South Korea's GDP.
(Top ten chaebol in Korea today)
Among them, Samsung, Hyundai, LG, Daewoo and SK, which rank in the top five, account for more than the average annual output value of the Korean economy, and they are all rich.
Moreover, in view of the close relationship between the chaebol and the government, many chaebols also play an important role in Korean politics. Zheng Zhouyong, the founder of Hyundai Group, made great contributions to Seoul's successful bid to host the 1988 Olympic Games.
Zheng Zhouyong's son, Zheng Mengzhun, is the first hero of South Korea's bid to host the World Cup in Korea and Japan. He almost single-handedly won the right to host the 2002 World Cup from the Japanese, and created the biggest black whistle event in the history of world football in the competition, which made South Korea eliminate Portugal, Spain and Italy one after another and was finally sent to the semi-finals.
(Zheng Mengzhun, the mastermind behind the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan)
Nowadays, South Korea's chaebol has become an irresistible trend. The South Korean government, which fostered the rise of these chaebols, now has to rely on these chaebols to maintain the Korean economy. There are you and me on both sides.
(In 2008, Lee Kin-hee, the "Emperor of Samsung Empire", was jailed for "tax evasion", but was only sentenced to three years in prison, suspended for five years, and was finally pardoned by the Korean government)
Q: Can you really do whatever you want with money?
Li Jianxi replied: Yes.
South Korea's economic take-off in recent decades, because of the special historical national conditions, South Korea's economic resources are highly concentrated in the hands of a few chaebol, and its industries have covered petroleum, chemicals, natural gas, ironmaking, construction, ships, automobiles, electronics, information and communication, semiconductors, logistics, finance, medicine, fashion products and other fields. The chaebol controlled the economic lifeline of South Korea and formed a unique economic hereditary system, which has an important impact on the global economy.
In 20 17, the total income of the six chaebol in South Korea was about 94201200 million US dollars, including 325.362 billion US dollars from Samsung Group, 258,075,438+0 billion US dollars from Hyundai Group, SK Group 165438 and LG Group 14652. The 20 17 revenue of the six chaebol accounts for more than 60% of South Korea's GDP, of which the annual revenue of Samsung Group alone accounts for more than 20% of South Korea's GDP.
The main businesses of Samsung Group include electronics industry, machinery, heavy industry, chemical industry, financial services and logistics. It has 79 subsidiaries, the most famous of which is Samsung Electronics.
Hyundai Group is the largest automobile enterprise in Korea, and its Hyundai Heavy Industry is the largest shipbuilding enterprise in the world. Its main business also includes construction, shipbuilding, steel, machinery, trade and transportation.
SK Group takes energy, chemical industry and information and communication as two pillar industries, and its two companies are among the top 500 in the world, and SK Group ranks 84th.
LG Group is an international enterprise group. At present, more than 300 overseas offices have been established in 17 1 countries and regions, covering chemical energy, electronic appliances, communications, services and other fields.
Hanwha Group, formerly known as Korean Gunpowder, has 53 domestic subsidiaries and 78 overseas networks, and has competitive advantages in industrial manufacturing, construction and real estate, finance and insurance, energy development and other fields. In 20 18, Hanwha Group ranked 244th among the top 500 enterprises in the world.
Lotte Group is the largest enterprise consortium in Korean food industry, mainly engaged in food, retail, tourism, petrochemical, construction, finance and other fields.
These consortia have mastered the lifeblood of Korea's main economy, and they are inseparable from Korean society and people. If the supply of key products of any chaebol fluctuates, it will have an important impact on the world.
In fact, South Korea's political and economic life is mainly controlled by four forces: the South Korean government, the South Korean military, the US troops stationed in South Korea and the South Korean chaebol. This shows that South Korea's chaebol is powerful and deeply rooted, and has a strong control over South Korea's political and economic life.
In fact, more than 80% of South Korea's GDP is occupied by China's top ten consortia, and these five consortia actually control the economic lifeline of South Korea and have deep relations with the Korean government and military-these five wealth are Samsung, Hyundai, LG, SK and Lotte.
Samsung Group is a family business established in Li Bingzhe on 1938 with the support of the Japanese colonial government at that time. At present, it has developed into the largest multinational enterprise group in Korea and one of the top 500 listed companies in the world. Its subsidiaries are: Samsung Electronics, Samsung Products, Samsung Airlines and Samsung Life Insurance. , covering electronics, finance, machinery, chemistry and other fields.
Hyundai Group of Korea ranks 36th among the top 500 enterprises in the world. Founder Zheng Zhouyong founded Hyundai Motor, Modern Civil Engineering and Modern Construction Company from 1946 to 195 1, and established Hyundai Heavy Industry Company in 1970s, so that Hyundai Group mainly engaged in construction, shipbuilding and automobile industry, and also engaged in steel, machinery, trade, transportation, cement production, metallurgy and construction. At present, Hyundai Motor, a subsidiary of Hyundai Group, is the largest automobile enterprise in Korea, while Hyundai Heavy Industry is the largest shipbuilding enterprise in the world.
LG Group 1947 was established in Seoul, Korea. At present, LG Group has set up more than 300 overseas offices in 17 1 countries and regions. The business scope covers chemical energy, electronic appliances, communications and services. Its annual turnover is as high as 49.996 billion US dollars, and the number of employees is as high as 77,000, ranking 180 among the top 500 enterprises in the world.
SK Group is the third largest multinational enterprise in Korea, with energy, chemical industry and information and communication as its two pillar industries, and its two enterprises have entered the global top 500. At present, SK and its affiliated companies have more than 30,000 employees, 65,438+024 offices and subsidiaries around the world, and the annual sales revenue reaches 80.8 billion US dollars.
Lotte Group is one of the five largest groups in Korea and one of the top 500 multinational companies in the world. At present, with the strategy of globalization, retail, food, tourism, petrochemical real estate and finance are booming in nearly 20 countries around the world.
In fact, the Republic of Korea is a country controlled by a major chaebol, and its politics is different from other countries in the world. South Korea's political arena under the control of chaebol is prone to chaos. The chaebol on all sides are fighting for their own interests, which is also an important reason why South Korean presidents often don't get a good end.
South Korea's domestic economy is basically monopolized by these chaebols. Besides the well-known Samsung Group, there are more than a dozen chaebols such as Jing Xian Group and HLE Hanhua. These big chaebol monopolize almost all the domestic economy in South Korea, and these big families have also formed a hereditary chaebol group with Korean characteristics.
The main chaebol that control the lifeblood of the Korean economy are as follows.
Samsung Group
Samsung Group is a business card of South Korea, and Samsung chaebol plays an important role in South Korea. Samsung Group benefited from the rapid economic development of South Korea in the last century, and Samsung itself is very competitive. After decades of development, Samsung Group has now developed into the largest group in Korea, with a total of about 200,000 employees. Samsung Group not only provides a large number of jobs for the Korean government every year, but also pays a large amount of taxes to the Korean government.
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Everyone must be familiar with Lotte Group. This Lotte Group was the Lotte Group that helped the Korean government introduce Sadr at that time. Lotte Group, as the five largest groups in Korea, has great influence in Korea. As a fortune 500 enterprise, Lotte Group has its own strength. In recent years, Lotte Group is also expanding its business map in an attempt to achieve greater development.
At the same time, LG, Hyundai and other large chaebol groups control the economic lifeline of South Korea, and the Korean government is greatly influenced by these chaebols. In South Korea, it is generally believed that the leading position of these chaebol is higher than that of government officials, and the influence of Korean chaebol can be seen.
Koreans can't avoid three things in their lives: death, taxes and Samsung.
Among the chaebol groups in Korea, Samsung is second to none. Among the Fortune 500 companies published in 20 18, Samsung Electronics ranked 12, second only to Apple, and Huawei ranked 72. Samsung is the only Korean company among the top giants in the wealth list. It is reported that the annual income of Samsung Group alone accounts for more than 20% of South Korea's GDP.
In addition to Samsung, there are Hyundai, SK, LG, Hanwha and Lotte. The income of these six chaebol accounts for more than half of South Korea's total GDP. Taking the total revenue in 20 17 as an example, Samsung Group was $325.362 billion, Hyundai Group was $258.07 1 billion, SK Group was 1. 19562 billion, and LG Group was1.4/kloc.
Korean chaebol originated in Japan, during the Japanese colonial rule and the Korean War. South Korean chaebol's expansion centered on family capital was influenced by the once prosperous Japanese chaebol.
Founded in 1938, Samsung Group was originally a small company engaged in food trade, mainly exporting fruits, dried fish and noodles to China. In the past 80 years, Samsung's fields have expanded to electronics, finance, ships, hotels, hospitals, entertainment, education and other fields;
Founded in 1947, Hyundai Group is the third largest automobile manufacturer in the world. The Group has complete R&D and vehicle and parts manufacturing capabilities, and has considerable influence in the global automobile market. In addition, Hyundai Heavy Industry is the largest shipbuilding company in the world;
SK Group manages about 80 subsidiaries, mainly engaged in energy, chemical industry, finance, shipping, insurance and construction industries. Its most famous subsidiaries include SK Telecom, the largest wireless operator in Korea, and SK Hynix, the second largest memory chip manufacturer in the world.
LG Group 1947 started from the chemical and plastic industries. The company invests heavily in consumer electronics, telecommunications networks and household appliances, as well as chemical business including cosmetics and household items, and has 8 1 group enterprises.
Han Hua, the former Korean gunpowder group, was founded in 1952. It has 53 subsidiaries and branches in Korea and 78 offices and branches around the world, covering industrial manufacturing, construction real estate, finance and insurance, energy development and so on.
Lotte Group, a Japanese of Korean descent, went to Japan to study. In the 1940s, it invested in Japan to establish Lotte in Japan, then fed back Korea to establish Lotte in Korea, and then developed in both countries. Lotte Korea focuses on retail, food, tourism, petrochemical real estate and finance.
When it comes to South Korea's chaebol, many people can name a few familiar ones, such as Samsung, Hyundai and LG. However, few people know that South Korea is a chaebol political country, and the chaebol group controls the lifeline of the national economy and abducts the society and the Korean people by controlling politics.
Why? Here I analyze with you as follows:
1. South Korea's chaebol highly control the national economy.
Relevant information shows that the top ten consortia in South Korea account for more than 80% of South Korea's GDP. What is this concept? In other words, South Korea's economy is highly dependent on the top ten chaebol. Without these ten chaebols, South Korea's economy would have recovered to pre-liberation overnight. This also determines that all South Korea's resources, including political resources, must be highly concentrated in the hands of chaebol, which is the foundation of South Korea's chaebol politics. Without the financial support of the chaebol, the presidential election is a problem.
2.1After the Asian financial crisis in 1997, Korean assets depreciated sharply, and the US dollar took the opportunity to buy Korean assets. At present, most of the top ten consortia in South Korea have been "invested" by Wall Street. The real bosses behind these consortia are actually American capitalists, or the interests of American capital and Korean chaebol are highly coincident. This means that the Korean economy was actually kidnapped by a group of Americans. This is also one of the fundamental reasons why President Han did not come to a good end.
Then the question is, why doesn't South Korea abolish the chaebol economy? The South Korean government is not unaware of the drawbacks of the chaebol economy and chaebol politics, and has tried to find ways to abolish them, but they all ended in failure. The reason is that the chaebol's control over the economy is so high that the Korean economy, Korean society and Korean people are inseparable.
South Korea has five chaebol, accounting for about 60% of South Korea's GDP. The five chaebol are Samsung, Hyundai, LG, SK and Lotte.
Speaking of South Korea's five chaebol, we must first say why there are chaebols in South Korea.
In 1950s and 1960s, as a member of the western camp and a capitalist country, South Korea could not develop an economy dominated by public ownership. During the Cold War, South Korea needed to confront the Eastern Group. As the front line of the Cold War, South Korea needs to develop war industry, which belongs to heavy industry. South Korea can only vigorously develop and support domestic private heavy industry. That is, since then, private enterprises in Korea have flourished. In this development process, cluster, merger and integration become bigger and stronger, forming monopoly enterprises, infiltrating and influencing domestic politics, economy, people's livelihood and other aspects. This is the origin of Korean chaebol.