The whole park covers an area of about 290 square meters, which is mainly composed of the palace area, Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, with beautiful scenery and garden scenery. There are more than 3,000 palace garden buildings of various forms in the park. Buildings with different styles are self-contained and interrelated. At the same time, the artificial architecture skillfully borrows the works of Xishan Mountain and Yuquan Mountain as the background, and harmoniously blends with the natural scenery, which can be called my Huangfan's works as garden art. When Cixi renovated the Summer Palace, she changed the entrance of the East Palace to the main entrance and began to enter the forbidden territory of the royal garden. There are five rooms in the East Palace Gate, which are two darkrooms in Sanming. The entrance in the middle of the gate is for the emperor to go in and out. Princes and ministers can go in and out through the openings on both sides, and eunuchs and military service can only go through the cover doors on both sides. Outside the palace gate, there are two rows of halls in the north and south as the rest places summoned by ministers, and inside the palace gate, there are two rows of halls in the north and south as the office places of Jiuqing yamen.
Entering Renshou Gate from the East Gate, there is a stone peak facing the screen, behind which is Renshou Hall, which is the center of the political activity area of the Summer Palace. During the reign of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1936~ 1795) and Guangxu (1875~ 1908), the Qin Zhengdian was rebuilt and renamed as the main hall where Cixi and Guangxu sat and listened to politics. Renshou Hall is also the place where Cixi held a banquet for her birthday. Generally, four banquets are held in this hall, with spectacular ostentation and extravagance, complicated etiquette and unparalleled manpower and material resources. Qingyi Garden, a group of halls extending in all directions, was originally the garden where Emperor Qianlong rested. After the reconstruction of Guangxu in the eighteenth year, it became the living room of Emperor Guangxu. The main hall, namely Magnolia Hall, has two subsidiary halls, namely the Eastern Xia Fen Room and the West Lotus Champs Elysé es. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 in the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Cixi imprisoned Guangxu here.
Dehe Garden, located in the north of Renshou Hall, is mainly composed of Leyi Hall and Theater, which is the place for Cixi to watch plays. Cixi is an opera fan. Every year, the Lantern Festival on the 15th of the first month, the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th, the Mid-Autumn Festival on July 15th, the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th and Cixi's birthday on October 10th will be sung in this park for three days to celebrate. The Grand Theatre was built in the 17th year of Guangxu (189 1) and was the largest theater in China at that time. Facing Le Yi Hall, it has three floors, with a height of 2 1 m and a bottom stage width of17m. There is a good connection between the three stages, which can be expressed as the plot of being immortal, descending to earth and entering the ground. There is a well pool in the basement of the stage on the ground floor, which can spray water from under the stage. The two-story dressing building connected to the south is a huge backstage. Tan Xinpei and Yang Xiaolou, famous Peking Opera actors in the late Qing Dynasty, performed here for Cixi, and the five halls in the north of Yile Hall were places where Cixi rested and smoked duck slices during the theater.
Le Shoutang is located in the west of Dehe Garden, near Kunming Lake in the west, with the inscription "Shui Mu comes from a noble family". "Le Shou Tang" has a gold plaque with a black background inscribed by Emperor Guangxu, and there is a dock for Cixi to take a boat in front of the hall. The west inner room of the main hall is the bedroom of Cixi, and the east inner room is the dressing room. The main hall is equipped with a throne, a royal pavilion, palm fans and screens. The East Hall and the West Hall are duty rooms for serving female officials and maids day and night. The back hall is where she keeps her clothes and decorations. Yulan, Xifu Begonia, Peony and other flowers and trees are planted in the courtyard of Leshoutang. Quot Jade Hall is rich, among which Magnolia is the most precious. There is a purple magnolia in the backyard, which is a rare treasure. These flowers and trees were transplanted from Jiangnan by Qianlong, with a history of more than 200 years. There are six kinds of objects such as bronze deer, bronze crane and bronze bottle on the steps of the main hall, which means "Liuhe is peaceful".
The promenade is a winding promenade along the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain and the northern shore of Kunming Lake. It starts from Yuemen in the east, reaches Shitai Pavilion in the west, and passes through Paiyunmen in the middle. Four octagonal pavilions with double eaves are symmetrically decorated on both sides, namely Liujiating Pavilion, Jilan Pavilion, Qiushui Pavilion and Qingyao Pavilion, symbolizing the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. It not only plays the role of scenery, but also plays a role in leaning and supporting the promenade at a certain distance. The promenade is 728 meters long and has 273 rooms. It is the longest corridor in China gardens. Like a ribbon, it connects the buildings in Qian Shan into a whole, winding between mountains and rivers, and plays a leading role in lakes and mountains. Walking along the corridor, the scenery outside the corridor moves with the pace, which is dizzying. Every Liang Fang in the gallery is painted with exquisite traditional color paintings, including more than 65,438+04,000 paintings of landscapes, figures, landscapes and flowers and birds, which are colorful and rich in content, so the gallery is also called a gallery. When Qianlong and Cixi sent people to the West Lake to be realistic, they moved to the promenade. Now, since the first colorful painting "Panorama of West Lake" of Moon Gate, different scenery of West Lake has been painted on the opposite beam. There are more than a thousand semicircular pictures inside and outside the gallery, with landscapes, flowers and birds, figures and so on. Among them, the story of characters involves three emperors and five emperors in ancient times, down to the princes and ministers of the Qing Dynasty, and the time spans 5,000 years. Appreciating these colorful paintings is like reading a historical masterpiece that records the vicissitudes of life, an all-encompassing picture.
Qingyanfang is located at the west end of the promenade next to the Zhang Pavilion. It is 36 meters long and has two floors, all made of giant stone carvings. The two-story hut is made of wood, but both of them are decorated with marble patterns. The ship was built in Qianlong for twenty years (1755). Its predecessor was the release platform of Yuan Jing Temple in Ming Dynasty. After changing boats, he was released on the eighth day of April every year, and Gan Long accompanied his biological mother, Empress Xiao Sheng. The Chinese-style hut in the Central Plains of Qingyanfang was burnt down by the British and French allied forces, and was converted into a villa in the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), which was the place where Cixi drank and enjoyed herself.
Wanshou Mountain, formerly known as Jinshan Mountain and Wengshan Mountain, belongs to the residual vein of Yanshan Mountain, with an altitude of108.94m.. Magnificent, centered on the Buddha Pavilion, forming a huge main building complex, majestic and elegant. From the "Yunhui Yuyu" archway at the foot of the mountain, through Paiyunmen, Ergongmen, Paiyuntang, Dehuitang and Foxiang Pavilion, to the wisdom sea at the top of the mountain, a central axis rising layer by layer is formed. On the east side, there are stone tablets of "Runwheel Hidden" and "Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake", and on the west side, there are copper Wufang Pavilion and Baoyun Pavilion. The back mountain valley is undulating, quiet and deep, full of wild interest in mountains and forests. There are magnificent Tibetan Buddhist buildings and colorful glass pagodas on four continents hidden in a large lush jungle. There are also pavilions on the mountain, such as Jingfu Pavilion, Chongcui Pavilion, Xieqiu Pavilion, Liting Pavilion and Picturesque World. Climb to the top of the mountain overlooking Kunming Lake.
Pai Yun Dian, located in the middle of Wanshou Mountain in the Summer Palace, was specially built for Cixi's birthday. "Pai Yun" expresses the sentence of "Immortal Pai" in Guo Pu's Temple of Immortals, which means that Cixi compares herself to a fairy and hopes to live forever. Pai Yun Dian is built on the mountain, with yellow tiles and jade steps. This is the most splendid building in the whole garden. There are Paiyunmen and Ergongmen in front of the temple, and there are four halls on both sides: Zixiao, Yuhua, Fang Hui and Yunjin. Between Paiyunmen and Ergongmen, there is a rectangular lotus pond with a golden water bridge on it. Enter the second palace gate to Paiyun Hall, and there are ear halls on the left and right sides of the main hall. There are several paths connected in the middle, with a total of 2 1 line. Cixi once held many "longevity celebrations" in this hall. In the temple, the display of the Kowloon throne and the characters of Daphne, as well as the screen made of ebony in Taiwan Province Province, were all birthday gifts given to Cixi by officials on her seventieth birthday. Today, Pai Yun Dian still retains the furnishings when congratulating Cixi, and the pattern symbolizing longevity with thousands of words on the door.
Located in front of Wanshou Mountain, the Buddha Pavilion is built on a stone platform with a height of 2 1 m, and the height of the pavilion is 4 1 m, which is higher than the top of Wanshou Mountain and becomes the central commanding height of the whole park. The Buddha Pavilion has eight sides, three floors and four eaves. The roof is decorated with yellow glass and green edges of copper tiles. Eight big iron pear trees are Optimus Prime, and there are three giant Indian buddhas in it. The whole building structure is complex and magnificent. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, a nine-story life-prolonging tower was built here, and the eighth floor was ordered to stop repairing, and the Buddhist Pavilion was rebuilt. Xianfeng decade (1860) was burned by the British and French allied forces, rebuilt in Guangxu seventeen years (189 1), and completed in Guangxu twenty years (1894), costing 782,000 silver. This is the biggest project of the Summer Palace.
The sea of wisdom is located at the top of Wanshou Mountain, which means that Buddhism praises the wisdom of Buddha as the sea. It is a beamless Buddhist temple, which consists of vertical and horizontal arch coupons. The exterior is decorated with five-color glazed tiles, with gorgeous colors and exquisite patterns, especially thousands of glazed buddhas embedded in the outer wall of the temple. There is a Buddha with infinite longevity in the temple. Tinglan Pavilion is located in the west of Qian Shan, Wanshou Mountain. It used to be a small theater in Qingyi Garden, where the emperor enjoyed music and opera. It was rebuilt in the 18th year of Guangxu (1892). Now it is a restaurant, and the tables, chairs, furniture and recipes are all court colors.
North of the ridge of Wanshou Mountain, commonly known as Houshan, there is a Houhu at the foot of the mountain. Beautiful scenery and strong religious atmosphere. The four continents are a group of Potala Palace-style buildings, which were built in the Qing Dynasty. It consists of 18 buildings, including Dongsheng Shenzhou, Nanshan Buzhou, Xiniu Huozhou and Beiju Luzhou, as well as four Brahma Pagoda, namely, Baxiaozhou, Ritai, Platform, Red, Green, Black and White. The center is the Buddhist Temple symbolizing Xumi Mountain and Zongyin Pavilion in Xiang Yan. Xianfeng decade (1860) was destroyed by the British and French allied forces. During Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, it was partially renovated, but it was greatly restored in recent years, reappearing the scale of Qianlong period.
Kunming Lake faces the front of Wanshou Mountain, covering an area of more than 220 hectares. It used to be a natural lake. After the Yuan Dynasty made Beijing its capital, it diverted water into the lake and became a reservoir for water delivery in Dadoucheng. In the Ming dynasty, there were many camellias planted in the lake, and temples and pavilions were built by the lake, which looked like the West Lake in the south of the Yangtze River, hence the name "West Lake". Qingganlong built Qingyi Garden, which opened up the lake to the present scale and named it "Kunming Lake". Kunming Lake is divided into three parts by a long dike, and each part has an island. Nanhu Island, located in the southeast of the lake, is the largest, covering an area of more than one hectare, also known as Penglai Island. There are Longwang Temple, Jianyuan Hall, Hanxu Hall and Job Building on the island. There is a 17 span bridge connecting Nanhu Island and Dongdi, with a length of 150m and a width of 8m. If the bridge is lying in a wave shape, there are 17 holes of different sizes under the bridge. The 17-hole bridge in Nanhu Island and the octagonal pavilion at the bridgehead form a huge turtle shape, symbolizing longevity.
The appearance of the Summer Palace summed up the history of gardening art in China for thousands of years. It is a classic of China garden art. In June, it was listed in the World Heritage List by UNESCO Heritage Committee 1998 165438.