First, the advantages of drip irrigation technology in greenhouse vegetable cultivation
Drip irrigation, also known as drip irrigation, has many advantages because it can transport water, fertilizer and nutrients evenly to the roots of vegetables.
1, saving water, fertilizer and labor.
Drip irrigation is a local irrigation, and the whole process is piped, which can accurately transport water and fertilizer according to the demand of vegetables, minimize the loss of water and nutrients caused by leakage, and thus greatly improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer. Generally speaking, drip irrigation system saves about 40% water than flood irrigation, and some vegetable varieties with small water demand can save 85% water.
During drip irrigation, the fertilizer can be dissolved and injected into the irrigation system, so that the fertilizer nutrients can be evenly applied near the root system of vegetables, and the synchronization of water and fertilizer can be realized. Therefore, drip irrigation can also greatly improve fertilizer utilization rate and save fertilizer consumption.
Drip irrigation fertilization system is beneficial to pipe network water supply, with simple operation and high degree of automation, which can save labor input and time.
2. Reduce the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases.
Because drip irrigation is local irrigation, water and fertilizer are delivered to the root system drop by drop, which will not have a dramatic impact on the maintenance and recovery of ground temperature, and can obviously reduce the humidity in the greenhouse. As we all know, temperature and humidity are a major cause of many diseases and insect pests in greenhouses. Therefore, using drip irrigation system to irrigate and fertilize can obviously reduce the occurrence of vegetable diseases and insect pests, and then reduce the amount of pesticides.
3. Maintain soil structure and promote vegetable growth.
Traditional flood irrigation, greenhouse irrigation is very large, greenhouse soil will be washed, compacted and eroded, and the soil will have serious hardening phenomenon, which is not conducive to the growth of vegetables. Drip irrigation is a kind of micro-irrigation, and water slowly penetrates into the soil, which has little effect on the soil structure, and can form a suitable soil water, fertilizer and heat environment, which is beneficial to the growth of vegetables.
Equipment composition of drip irrigation system for greenhouse vegetables
The equipment composition of drip irrigation system for greenhouse vegetables is not complicated, and farmers can install it by themselves after purchasing the whole set of equipment. The whole greenhouse drip irrigation fertilization system is mainly composed of water source, water pump, fertilization system, filtration system, water distribution network and other equipment.
1, water pump
The function of the water pump is to pump water up, pressurize the water flow, add it to the pressure required by the drip irrigation system, and then transport it to the water pipeline. Drip irrigation systems with wells as water sources generally use small submersible pumps.
2, fertilization equipment
Fertilizers used in drip irrigation fertilization system in greenhouse include proportional fertilization pump, plunger fertilization pump and Venturi fertilization device. However, for greenhouse drip irrigation system, Venturi fertilizer applicator is the most suitable. The Venturi fertilizer applicator is connected in parallel with the control valve of the water supply pipeline. During normal irrigation, the control valve is opened and the water flows into the drip irrigation system through the water supply pipeline. When we need to fertilize, lower the control valve, so that there will be a pressure difference before and after the control valve, and water will flow into the branch pipe of Venturi fertilizer applicator under the action of pressure difference. When the water flows through the Venturi tube, it will generate vacuum suction and bring the fertilizer solution in the container into the subsequent pipeline through the water flow.
3. Filtration system
The filtration system plays a vital role in fertilization. Impurities in irrigation water can be filtered to avoid blocking the drip irrigation system. Filtering equipment is generally installed behind the fertilizer applicator, so that impurities in the fertilizer solution can also be filtered out. The filters commonly used in large-scale drip irrigation systems are mesh filters and laminated filters.
4. Water pipe network
The joint operation of these equipment systems needs a more stable system to really play its role, that is, the water pipeline network. The water pipe network of drip irrigation system for greenhouse vegetable planting is mainly divided into main pipe, branch pipe and drip irrigation pipe.
(1) supervisor
In the pipeline from the water pump to the greenhouse, PVC plastic pipe is generally used as the main pipe, which has the advantages of corrosion resistance, good flexibility, smooth inner wall and light weight. Drip irrigation in greenhouse, the pipe diameter is generally 80~ 100㎜.
(2) Branch pipe
Branch pipe plays a role in controlling the length of drip irrigation belt in drip irrigation system, and polyethylene hose is generally used as branch pipe. Commonly used branch pipe diameter is 40~50㎜. The branch pipe is provided with a water outlet at regular intervals, which is connected with drip irrigation pipe.
(3) Drip irrigation belt or drip irrigation pipe.
The last pipeline of drip irrigation fertilization system in greenhouse is drip irrigation belt or drip irrigation pipe. The function is to transport the water in the pipeline evenly and stably to the soil near the root system to meet the needs of vegetable growth and development. When choosing drip irrigation belt or drip irrigation pipe, we usually look at two data: emitter flow and drip hole spacing.
Emitter flow: Emitter flow is the amount of water dripped by each nozzle per hour under normal working pressure. The flow range of drip irrigation belt or drip irrigation pipe emitter is 1.5L/ hour -4L/ hour. If the water demand of vegetables is large, choose the drip irrigation belt with large emitter flow; If the water demand of vegetables is small, choose the drip irrigation belt with small emitter flow. Drip hole spacing: The drip hole spacing of drip irrigation belt or drip irrigation pipe has several specifications, such as 10㎝, 20㎝ and 30㎝, which can be selected according to the planting spacing of vegetables. If the plant spacing is small, skip the drip irrigation belt with small plant spacing, and if the plant spacing is large, pick the drip irrigation belt with large plant spacing. 5, pipe fittings
Pipe connector is also an important part of drip irrigation system, and its function is to connect pipes into a certain network shape according to the design requirements of drip irrigation. Pipeline connectors include straight-through, elbows, tees and special-shaped joints. When choosing a pipe joint, the main consideration is whether it matches the pipe.
Now that we know the composition and function of the whole drip irrigation system, we should effectively arrange and install all the components. Layout design should be practical and convenient, and installation should be durable.
Arrangement and installation of drip irrigation system for vegetables in greenhouse
Before installing the distribution network of drip irrigation system for greenhouse vegetable cultivation, we should first make a good plan.
1, director layout installation
First of all, design the layout of the main pipeline, and lay the main pipeline as straight as possible to minimize turning points. The disadvantage of PVC plastic pipe is that it is easy to age in the sun and easy to freeze and crack when the temperature is low in winter. Therefore, PVC pipes should be buried below the frozen soil layer, which can solve the problems of aging and frost cracking. Fertilizers and filters should be installed between the main pipe and the branch pipe. The fertilizer applicator should be installed in front of the filter, and the position between them should not be reversed.
2. Layout and installation of branch pipes
The branch pipe is connected with the water outlet pipeline and the drip irrigation pipe. The arrangement of the branch pipes in the greenhouse can be roughly as follows.
The first layout is designed for planting vegetables in the north-south ridge with the greenhouse length less than 60m. Such a greenhouse fertilizer applicator and filter are installed at one end of the greenhouse, and branch pipes are laid from east to west or from west to east along the sidewalk in the greenhouse.
The second layout is designed for the greenhouse with a length of 60~ 100m and the vegetable planting mode with north and south ridges. The length of this greenhouse is too long If the branch pipe is laid, the end water pressure cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the branch pipes should be divided from the middle to the two sides, and the drip irrigation pipe on both sides should be controlled by switches for rotation irrigation.
The third layout, the greenhouse is east-west, with a length of less than 80m, but vegetables are planted in the ridges in the east-west direction. There are branch pipes at one end of the greenhouse, which are relatively short, but each drip irrigation pipe is relatively long. In order not to affect the work, the branch pipes are generally laid along the aisle of the greenhouse. When laying the branch pipe, it must be straight, and the top surface of the branch pipe should be flush with or slightly higher than the ridge surface to ensure smooth water flow.
3. Install in drip irrigation pipe.
Greenhouse vegetable production, just after transplanting, the whole greenhouse should be watered once, which is what we call planting water. Wait until after the incubation period before installing drip irrigation pipe. The direction of drip irrigation pipe is perpendicular to the branch pipe, and the number of drip irrigation pipe is determined according to the width of ridge surface and the needs of vegetables.
Generally speaking, the spacing of drip irrigation pipe layout is about 1 meter. If the storage capacity of vegetables is relatively large, the density of drip irrigation pipe can be appropriately increased and the distance between drip irrigation pipe can be reduced. After determining the position, punch holes in the corresponding position of the branch pipe. Use a special punch to punch holes. When punching holes, the punching machine should not be tilted. After punching, press the bypass into the branch pipe. Finally, connect the drip irrigation pipe with the bypass.
When the drip irrigation system for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse is installed, the connection and combination of all parts must be firm and there must be no leakage. After the drip irrigation pipe is completely laid, tie and fix the end of the drip irrigation pipe. Drip irrigation in greenhouse is generally combined with plastic film mulching cultivation. After mulching with plastic film, the humidity in the greenhouse can be better reduced, and the effect of water retention and moisture retention can be achieved.
Application of drip irrigation system in greenhouse vegetable cultivation
After installing drip irrigation system in greenhouse vegetable cultivation, the workload of watering is greatly reduced. When in use, the time and dosage of watering and fertilization can be determined according to the law of water and fertilizer demand for vegetable growth and development. When in use, when the valve is unscrewed, water and fertilizer can be evenly and slowly transported to the roots of vegetables. Drip irrigation is usually carried out in the morning or afternoon, which can minimize the impact on the room temperature and humidity of the shed.
Drip irrigation fertilization system can fertilize with water and improve fertilizer efficiency. Dissolve soluble fertilizer first, put it into fertilizer irrigation, and then open the valve to water and fertilize. When using water to fertilize, it should be noted that after stopping fertilization, irrigation should be continued for 3~5 minutes to prevent blockage of pipelines and drip irrigation heads. During the operation of drip irrigation system, the drip intensity should be carefully observed and adjusted at any time to avoid runoff accumulation on the soil surface.
Maintenance of drip irrigation system for greenhouse vegetables
A drip irrigation fertilization system with good performance, besides scientific and reasonable design and correct use, good regular maintenance habits are also essential. Only in this way can we give full play to the advantages of drip irrigation fertilization system, and we need to pay attention to the following problems in maintenance.
We must discharge pollutants and maintain them regularly according to the irrigation system, otherwise once impurities enter the system, the dropper system in the greenhouse will be scrapped and the drip irrigation facilities inside need to be reinstalled.
In the process of using drip irrigation fertilization facilities, we must pay attention to cleaning the filter and checking the dripper. Cleaning of laminated filters and mesh filters is very simple. Open the filter, take out the laminate or filter screen, put it in clean water, brush off the attached dirt with a brush, and then put it back in the filter.
In the daily irrigation of vegetable planting, we should pay attention to the running water of drip irrigation head, check whether the drip irrigation head is blocked, and if the drip irrigation head is blocked, clean it with clear water. If the pipe belt is broken or damaged, it should be repaired or replaced in time.
As a new type of water-saving irrigation technology, drip irrigation technology for greenhouse vegetable cultivation has the advantages of less investment and long service life, and has incomparable advantages over surface irrigation and sprinkler irrigation technology. It is the most water-saving and energy-saving irrigation method at present. I hope you can learn how to install and use drip irrigation after reading this article, so as to increase production and income.