Chinese Curriculum Standards advocates a brand-new learning mode of "independence, cooperation and inquiry". They are interdependent, interrelated and mutually promoting, which is conducive to students' comprehensive improvement of Chinese literacy in independent activities that they are interested in, and is an important way to realize students' active exploration, unity and cooperation and innovation.
First, an overview of the connotation of autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning methods.
Autonomous learning: a modern way of learning as opposed to traditional receptive learning. It takes students as the main body of learning, and realizes learning goals through independent analysis, exploration, practice, questioning and creation. Boucher, a psychologist, pointed out that the formation of creativity is inseparable from personality. Numerous examples have proved that people with personality can only be creative if they can think and have their own unique opinions.
Cooperative learning: refers to students' mutual learning with a clear division of responsibilities in order to accomplish common tasks. Cooperative learning can stimulate students to play the highest level, promote students to help each other in learning, improve together, enhance emotional communication between students and improve interpersonal relationships. Because the learning task is shared, the problem is easy to solve.
Inquiry learning: under the premise of active participation, under the guidance of scientific theory, students use scientific methods to study problems, gain innovative practical ability, develop thinking and build their own knowledge system. This kind of learning style is conducive to changing students' learning style and laying the foundation for students to learn to learn and study for life. It pays attention to students' subjective status and enables autonomous learning to be implemented.
2. The new curriculum standard advocates changing students' learning style, so that students can change from passive learning to active inquiry learning. So what should a teacher do when implementing the independent, cooperative and inquiry learning style?
1. I think we should first change teachers' teaching methods and improve the relationship between teachers and students. Teachers should put down their airs, go among students and make friends with them. The relationship between teachers and students should be equal, respectful and loving. The classroom atmosphere should be democratic, pleasant and harmonious, which is the basis for students to dare to participate and take the initiative to participate in classroom teaching. Teachers should be affable and approachable, not overbearing, blunt and rude, and not cynical. Teacher Wei Shusheng, a famous educational artist, respects and listens to students' opinions, allowing students to manage themselves and learn to learn by themselves. If a democratic, equal and friendly teacher-student relationship is established between teachers and students, students will trust their teachers and actively participate in teaching activities, then he is successful, and his students have strong ability of autonomy, cooperation and inquiry learning.
2. Teachers should update their teaching concepts, be good at letting students explore by themselves and give students the initiative in learning. In class, they should provide an interactive learning platform for students and carefully organize learning activities. Providing a learning platform is to create atmosphere and space, provide opportunities for learning and practice, and make Chinese teaching have a democratic, relaxed, harmonious and pleasant atmosphere. In the whole learning process, everyone has the opportunity to ask questions, speak, communicate and show. Carefully organizing learning activities, the key points are: organizing self-study, the core is to let each student think independently; To organize cooperative learning, we should not only deepen learning in interaction, but also teach students in accordance with their aptitude and strengthen individual counseling; Organize class communication, strengthen guidance and regulation in communication, so as to fully realize teaching objectives. In short, teachers should let students organize and construct themselves through effective learning activities and teacher-student exchanges, gradually improve their Chinese literacy and form their own Chinese learning methods. People who have heard of the students in our class say that the students in our class are active in thinking and have a strong sense of participation. In fact, there are no tricks in teaching, but I rarely stand on the high platform in class and feel far away from my children. I always habitually walk among them and communicate with them at close range. There was talking and laughing in class, and there was no severe reprimand. When I was teaching cormorants last semester, a student with poor academic performance held his hand high, so I asked him to read the first paragraph. The student didn't pay attention to misreading "fisherman smoking leisurely at the bow" as "smoking leisurely" At once, a student pointed out his mistake. After being reminded by the students, I suddenly found that the word "sucking" was used so skillfully here. So I randomly seized this question and asked the students to discuss: Why did the author use the word "suck" instead of "smoke" here? The same meaning, what's the difference between the two words? The students had a heated discussion, and finally the group leader concluded that the word "pumping" seems to use too much energy in action, and "sucking" can better highlight the fisherman's carefree manner, which is more appropriate to match the word "carefree" in front. I was very happy. You see, without a teacher, the students summed it up themselves! So I patted him on the back and said, "son, although you mispronounced a word, it is really a precious mistake that all of us should chew carefully." The children laughed like sunshine. The children were very happy, and I was deeply inspired, so I wrote it on my blog as a reflection after class. Another point is: I seldom talk in class, but my classmates talk a lot, so I look more at leisure. " After listening to Mr. Wei's lecture, I firmly believe that the more the teacher talks, the less students like to listen, and the more tired the teacher is, the easier it is for students to fall asleep. Don't say what students can learn through self-study; You said it, and neither will the students. We should reduce the lecture time and restore it to students, so that they can have more time to read and feel by themselves. We should give students the initiative to learn, let them question, study, find solutions to problems and get the best answers.
3. Advocating students' autonomous learning must not weaken the leading role of teachers. Makarenko, a Soviet educator, said that teachers should respect students as much as possible and demand them as much as possible. On the one hand, teachers should practice teaching democracy, give students more autonomy, and let students have the right to choose learning content, learning methods and learning partners; On the one hand, teachers should be strict with students and give them strong guidance, guidance, guidance and guidance to make their study effective and efficient. Teachers must do three things: focus on key points, focus on difficult points, and focus on knowledge points that are easy to make mistakes and confuse. Children must be young and have limited cognitive level. Sometimes, I feel extremely happy when I see them fighting over a problem. At this time, I will exercise my rights. When I speak, I ask students to look me in the eye and learn to listen carefully. Our class needs heated discussion and quiet thinking and listening. The combination of static and dynamic can form a fruitful classroom.
Third, the study of autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning methods in classroom teaching.
Autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning methods can be used separately or in combination according to the actual situation, and the combined force is better. In Chinese teaching, teachers should choose teaching methods and determine learning methods according to different classes, different teaching contents and the actual situation of primary school students, and cannot generalize. Here I talk about some of my practices in combination with my own classroom teaching.
1). Autonomous learning
Self-regulated learning must first define the learning purpose and establish the learning task, and then stimulate students' interest in learning and cultivate good study habits, which will certainly receive better results.
In the teaching of new words, I mainly guide students to learn independently.
For literacy teaching in lower grades:
1. Set up a "game park" in the classroom to stimulate students' interest in literacy. Junior students can read, learn quickly and forget quickly. In practice, I found that some games should be played in time to let students enter the "game paradise", such as crossword puzzles: according to the characteristics of new words, guide students to write crossword puzzles and guess each other. In the process of teaching "Drawing Carambola", I asked students to observe the font characteristics of this painting by themselves, and made up a jingle to memorize: cut a piece of tofu in half, put it in a pot and cover it. It is easy for students to remember words, and at the same time, they have experienced a process of self-literacy.
2. Go out of the classroom and read independently in life. Recognize the scientific name and read quickly; Pay attention to the words on billboards along the street, school slogans, restaurant recipes, and quickly understand many words in a relaxed and happy atmosphere.
Senior children have a certain ability to remember new words. When reading with the article, we should try to read independently by consulting reference books and classifying memories. In the teaching of "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon", I guided the students to find words describing the moonlight and A Bing's inner feelings through classification, which stimulated the students' interest in learning words and achieved good results.
Of course, in reading teaching, especially when reading the text for the first time, I pay more attention to students' independent reading, so that they can walk into the text, interpret the text and feel emotions with their own unique experience.
2) cooperative inquiry learning
Cooperative inquiry learning not only requires teachers to master the whole classroom teaching design, assign learning tasks and control the teaching process, but also requires teachers to attach importance to communication activities with students and mutual inspiration and help among students. This way of learning helps to promote understanding between teachers and students, enhance the vitality of classroom teaching, cultivate students' spirit of cooperation, enhance the sense of collective honor, and help students form a healthy sense of competition and enhance friendship. It is forbidden to engage in formal cooperative inquiry learning in class, which is ostensibly lively and grandstanding, and can not achieve practical results. We often see such a class: let students discuss in groups, without purpose and implementation, and the results of students' discussion are all their own, and even take this opportunity to make a fuss, thus losing the significance of cooperative inquiry learning. When I was teaching reading, I mainly read independently for the first time. Read your own unique feelings. Students often have some difficulties in understanding their feelings when analyzing sentences. At this time, it is necessary to carry out cooperative inquiry learning, exchange and discuss with each other, solve doubts and difficulties, and achieve understanding of the text. For example, in the second volume of the fifth grade "Winter in Songfangxi" class, let the students say: the title of the text is winter in Songfangxi, but the author used a lot of pen and ink to describe the scenery of Songfangxi before winter came. This is a difficult problem for students themselves to solve. At this time, students need to discuss and communicate in groups through cooperation, so as to realize the benefits of "contrast" and guide them to try to apply this method to their own exercises. These conclusions drawn by students through their own research and discussion are more memorable than the teacher's direct answer, and they learn to learn. For example, when the provincial inspection team visited our school last semester, I taught the lesson of "the beauty of a hundred years" and started teaching around where Madame Curie's beauty was manifested. After class, I was very dissatisfied. I always feel that I have received too much and put too little. A class is always leading the students. Now it is believed that teachers can let students learn through cooperative inquiry, find out sentences that embody Madame Curie's beauty, discuss and communicate, experience the hardships of refining radium and her great contribution to the scientific cause in combination with their own collected data, and then report and summarize in groups, thus realizing that Madame Curie's inner beauty is eternal, which can span a hundred years until forever. I think there are countless such examples in our daily teaching. I believe that as long as you put your heart into it, you can learn something everywhere.
The trinity of "independence, cooperation and inquiry" is closely related. Autonomy is the premise and foundation of cooperative inquiry, cooperation is the form and way of autonomous inquiry, and inquiry is the goal and direction of autonomous cooperative learning. As long as students are scientifically guided to adopt this learning method, they can effectively enhance their independent consciousness and cooperative spirit, effectively improve their ability of inquiry and innovation, and realize the high efficiency of classroom teaching.