Community social work emphasizes calling on community residents to participate and enhancing their ability to participate. Rational participation and orderly participation are inseparable from the cultivation of community organizations and community leaders, that is, the cultivation of social organization leaders. Community leaders are leaders of community residents and social organizations, and enthusiastic and capable members of society who can lead community residents to participate in and serve the community.
Community leaders are influential in social organizations and can unite and lead community residents to play a role in community participation; Community leaders have appeal in social organizations, can set an example, do things fairly, and have appeal to residents who participate in the community; Community leaders have affinity among community residents, can coordinate disputes and contradictions among all parties, and can unite people to serve the community; Community leaders have leadership in social organizations and can lead the team towards the goal. In order to play a role, community leaders must have a path of training and guidance.
(a) Community leaders can start projects.
At this stage, the task of social workers is to find and locate community leaders. Community leaders are first produced among community residents who are enthusiastic about public service. They are enthusiastic and capable, and expect to contribute to community service. Social workers define qualified community residents as "community talents" and have special skills in a certain aspect. However, there is a process from a community capable person to a community leader. Social workers usually use authorized cases to promote the growth of community talents. The service goal is to use the advantage of visual angle to stimulate the potential of community talents and promote responsibility. The specific process operation is as follows:
Step 1: Social workers look for "community talents" through various activities (community talents have certain skills), and after obtaining the consent of the clients, they are included in the training list and start the training plan. The difficulty at this stage is the psychological counseling of community talents. Family members support community talents to participate in activities, but they need to do more social responsibilities. There are personal considerations (mostly manifested as self-distrust) and family members' obstruction (family members are unwilling to take on more social responsibilities. If you are interested in participating, taking on more social responsibilities will cause contradictions and frictions with others, so family members will not support it. Therefore, the empowerment in this process is mainly to stimulate the client's sense of social responsibility.
Step 2: Social workers help clients analyze and evaluate their own strengths and weaknesses through cases, guide their sense of social responsibility, and give full play to their strengths to overcome their weaknesses. This is also a difficult problem. Under normal circumstances, retired club leaders account for the majority. They have time, enthusiasm and energy, but when their duties are questioned, they are also prone to feel pressure and retreat. For example, elevators are installed in old buildings, and enthusiastic residents take the initiative. Become the director of the preparatory group for elevator installation in the old building, but if the coat is too long, there are many problems and insufficient support, there will be a retreat and it needs constant charging and support. There are also some talented people in the community who like to have authority in the group and expect the team to "obey" his decision, which can easily lead to contradictions and entanglements in the team. These are all problems that need special attention in the stage of energy development project. ?
The third step: social workers encourage the target to stimulate their potential through case work, so as to be willing to contribute to voluntary service. If the second step is to help the goals adjust their cognition, then the third step is to support and encourage them to stimulate their potential. Through three steps, they can find and locate their goals: the first stage is to become community leaders who can lead the volunteer team to serve the community.
(b) Community Leaders Empowerment Project
At this stage, the task of social workers is to enhance the ability of clients through professional services. The service mode can be carried out in the form of individual cases or groups, mainly depending on whether the training process is individual or group. If it is a small group, the method of group dynamics and experience transfer will get twice the result with half the effort. Take group empowerment as an example:
Social workers set the goal as the training group of "enhancing the ability of volunteer backbone". Team members are customers who have passed the first phase of activation and have clear personal goals. Determine the training objectives through group social workers, and set up a training group to improve the backbone ability of volunteers. Team members are customers who have passed the first phase of activation and have clear personal goals. By deepening the different stages of the group, we can define the goals of three stages:
The goal of the first stage of the group: social workers should grasp the initial stage of the group and re-recognize volunteers and volunteer services in a way that members like; As a volunteer leader, you need to lead the team to serve the community through publicity and setting an example. Therefore, it is a basic introduction for community leaders to clarify volunteers and voluntary services and do a good job in publicity and advocacy.
The second stage goal of the group: social workers should grasp the intermediate stage of the group. The purpose is to inspire team members to discuss the quality and leadership of volunteer leaders in depth, and call for volunteer service through appropriate methods. By paying attention to problems and conflict scenarios, team members can get effective training. In view of the friction and conflict in the process of leading the team, team members can brainstorm, explore methods, and improve their ability through experience transfer and group dynamics.
The goal of the third group stage: social workers should grasp the advanced stage of the group. The purpose is to enable team members to master the methods of needs assessment and problem analysis of service target groups or communities through project planning and design, try to design service projects, and improve the skills and abilities of community leaders in communication and team leadership. Adopt the methods of project design, competition, evaluation and modification to guide community leaders to think about how to lead the team to focus on problems and serve the community. This stage can also be gradual, with activity planning and practice first, and then gradually transition to project planning and implementation to achieve the purpose of capacity building.
The ultimate goal of the capacity-building project is to enable community leaders to master the planning and design methods of activities and projects under the guidance of social workers, and learn the basic methods of service project design for concerned community problems or vulnerable groups. Social workers should pay attention to guiding community leaders to design projects that can reflect the concept of helping others and helping themselves, and realize the self-development process of volunteer leaders leading volunteer teams to solve community problems. Become a living force in community governance.
(c) community leaders exhibition project
At this stage, the task of social workers is to build a platform, so that the ability of the display object can be brought into play and progress and growth can be achieved in practice. The service mode mainly adopts the project mode, such as assisting exhibitors to lead the team to declare public welfare venture capital, which plays a role in promoting problem solving and team growth in practical service.
This stage is the actual process of social workers pushing community leaders to lead the team to promote services:
In the first step, social workers need to help community leaders form teams, give play to the cohesion and appeal of community leaders, unite enthusiastic residents with willingness to serve to form teams, establish rules and regulations, and move from self-organization to primary community social organization teams.
In the second step, after assisting the community leaders to form a team, social workers conduct team building and training, help the community leaders to lead the team to focus on problems and needs, analyze and evaluate their own capabilities and resources, lead the team to design services and declare projects (public welfare venture capital, community micro-venture capital and other types of projects), and get the support of the government, communities and resources to carry out services.
In the third step, social workers should assist community leaders to learn and cooperate with the team to promote services, overcome all kinds of difficulties in discussion and exploration, and cooperate with internal and external resources to carry out services to promote the growth and maturity of the team. The cognition and thinking, leadership and affinity of community leaders are particularly important in the actual operation process.
Fourth, social workers need to constantly encourage community leaders and teams to expand their services and make new attempts during the service process and after the completion of the project. Use the experience and relationship between community leaders and volunteer teams to promote services and broaden resources.
(d) Community leaders' energy transmission project
At this stage, the task of social workers is to promote the transfer of experience and the improvement of collective ability among community leaders. Community leader training is a systematic project and a group goal. From community self-organization to community organization, from self-entertainment and interest participation to community co-governance and then to community autonomy, it needs to be promoted step by step.
Social workers adopt a combination of thematic workshops (project design, project application, project communication, team leadership, service bottleneck breakthrough, etc.). ) and mobile workshops (live experience, simulation contest, experience exchange, etc. Broaden the horizons and ideas of community leaders, and guide community leaders to learn from each other through mutual communication, brainstorming and collision through focus and discussion. The process of exchanging experience and sharing service experience among community leaders is the process of energy transfer.
Observation, exchange and research on social workers' choice of professional service projects (social work projects, social work with volunteers, excellent volunteer service projects, etc.). ) can produce the observation, communication and learning of social workers' choice of professional service projects (social work projects, social work with volunteers, excellent volunteer service projects, etc.). ), it can produce a good effect that stones from other mountains can attack jade, and promote the concept that community leaders lead teams to pay attention to community problems.
Cultivating community leaders, cultivating social organizations, extending social work services, and making volunteers and social organizations partners in social work services are the actual progress in promoting community co-governance and need the attention of social work services.