The Republic of China architecture in Nanjing is an important part of modern architecture in China (1840- 1949). Its development process has experienced five periods: germination, transformation, prosperity, stagnation and recovery. The main architectural styles are eclecticism, classicism, modern China court style, new national form, modernism and China traditional national form, from which we can see that the architecture of the Republic of China has gone through six periods. Nanjing Republic of China architecture can be said to be an exaggerated museum of modern architectural art. The design, structure and style of Nanjing Republic of China architecture not only reflect the influence of western architectural style on China since modern times, but also maintain the architectural characteristics of China national tradition. The integration of Chinese and western architectural techniques and styles is most obvious in Nanjing Republic of China architecture. It fully demonstrates the evolution from traditional architecture to modern architecture in China, and has important typical significance in the history of architectural development. Today, most of the buildings of the Republic of China in Nanjing are well preserved, which constitutes a unique style that distinguishes Nanjing from other cities. Therefore, Nanjing is also vividly called "the base camp of architecture in the Republic of China".

Some architects commented: "Nanjing is located in the north and south, with convenient transportation and cultural tolerance. Its architectural style is both dignified and vigorous in the north and dexterous and delicate in the south. Compared with the westernization of Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou and other cities, the architecture of the Republic of China in Nanjing can be described as a microcosm of Chinese and foreign architectural art in the specific historical period when the west wind spread eastward. " As the capital of the Republic of China, Nanjing has the following types of buildings of the Republic of China:

● Official buildings: During the Republic of China, the central administrative organization of the National Government consisted of five academies, eighteen departments and six committees. These administrative buildings, built by the central government in a unified way, are large in scale and extraordinary in momentum, which are unique to Nanjing. For example, the former China Kuomintang Central Supervision Committee, the Executive Yuan of the National Government (now the Political College of the People's Liberation Army) and the Foreign Ministry Building of the National Government (now the office building of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress) are located at No.313 Zhongshan East Road.

● Luxury villas: There are many official villas of dignitaries, which is also one of the architectural features of Nanjing during the Republic of China, especially around Shanxi Road and Yihe Road, where 1.7 million houses were built. These houses are in various forms, just like the World Museum of Architecture.

● Public buildings: Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is a memorial hall; Inspirational societies in public buildings (Building 1 of Zhongshan Hotel); Among the cultural and educational buildings, there are National Academia Sinica (now Nanjing Institute of Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) and Dahua Cinema on Zhongshan South Road (formerly Dahua Theater). And banks, such as the well-known Bank of Communications in front of Xinjiekou, and the seventh-floor Fuchang Hotel in Xinjiekou, the tallest building in Nanjing.

Among the buildings of the Republic of China in Nanjing, there are still some buildings that reflect the history of China's revolutionary struggle. Such as Meiyuan New Village, Mei 'an, Beijing Office of the Eighth Route Army, Central Shopping Mall, Hutchison Foreign Firm, Central Military Prison and Capital Prison. Among them, the central military prison is the most representative.

Nanjing Republic of China architecture presents four characteristics:

1. High grade: Nanjing, as the capital of the Republic of China, has many central-level buildings, including the "Five Institutes and Eight Departments" of the National Government and other administrative buildings, as well as the Academia Sinica, the Central Stadium, the Central Hospital and the Central Museum, all of which were the highest in scale and grade in China (even in East Asia) at that time.

2. All types: According to the original nature of buildings, they can be divided into ten categories, namely, administrative office buildings, memorial buildings, cultural and educational research buildings, religious buildings, embassy buildings, public buildings, bureaucratic buildings, industrial buildings, traffic buildings and residential buildings.

3. High historical and artistic value: In the 1920s and 1930s, Nanjing gathered a group of outstanding Chinese and foreign architects at that time and carried out a lot of architectural creation activities in Nanjing, leaving behind buildings of the Republic of China with different styles and a combination of Chinese and Western styles.

Fourth, the connotation is rich: most of the buildings in the Republic of China are related to historical events and celebrities.