Grandma: "Ailian {Love Sister}

Grandpa: Dad, eh?

Uncle: Two sous, four sous.

Aunt: Aunt.

First, the characteristics of Changsha dialect

The above appellations are related to the characteristics of Changsha dialect.

Changsha dialect has the following characteristics:

1, tone:

In addition to light tone, there are six tones, namely, flat tone, rising tone, rising tone, falling tone, falling tone and entering tone.

For example, Zhu, Qu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu and Ju have the same pronunciation in Changsha dialect, and their tones respectively correspond to the above six tones: rising tone, rising tone, yinqu, yangqu and Rusheng.

2. Pronunciation:

First of all, there are 23 initials and 465,438+0 finals in Changsha dialect, which are more than those in Mandarin (22 and 39 respectively).

Second, Changsha dialect does not have the common Hua Er sound in northern dialects.

Thirdly, Changsha dialect retains the entering tone, which is one of the obvious characteristics of ancient Chinese. Rusheng has basically disappeared in northern dialects.

For example, the pronunciation and tone of each pair of Chinese characters in Mandarin are the same, but the tone in Changsha dialect is different. Clothes and one, eight, wife and seven, martial arts and martial arts, food and uncle. In Changsha dialect, the second of each pair of Chinese characters above is voiced.

Fourthly, the voiced sound of ancient Chinese is still unvoiced in Changsha dialect. The following groups of words have the same pronunciation, but different tones.

Example: brand failure-Dongkui-Guiqiao-sedan porcelain-self-bed-shape

3. Grammar: Changsha dialect has its own unique characteristics in function word system, word order and sentence pattern.

Here are some examples of comparison with Putonghua:

1) Putonghua: I didn't hear it until I left. Changsha dialect: I won't listen to the lecture until I go.

2) Mandarin: Xiao Wang slept comfortably. Changsha dialect: Xiao Wang is comfortable when he is sleepy.

3) Mandarin: This is really annoying. Changsha dialect: The mixed road conditions are quite annoying.

Adverbs expressing the nature and state of a thing in Changsha dialect are very rich and developed, and some adverbs can only be used strictly before a specific adjective, which is very complicated. For example, to describe the color of black, Changsha dialect can use "mia4", in which "mia4" is an adverb and can only be strictly used to describe "black".

There is a phenomenon of literary and colloquial reading: all spoken words in daily life often follow the local white pronunciation, while all written words, idioms and neologisms are often pronounced in articles, which is closer to the pronunciation in northern China. For example, the "only" text reading in Changsha dialect: cih6 white reading: caa6.

In addition, people of different ages also have obvious differences in pronunciation and vocabulary.

Second, the phonetic system of Changsha dialect:

For details about the phonetic system of Changsha dialect, please refer to the author's email address: Yihua 199023@cn.yahoo.com.

In the example given in this paper, the vowel is H to indicate the difference, not the end of the tone. Eh and ih are just symbols.

Among them, the initials are described by H. For example, ph th kh hch.

Among them, nn is used to describe the nasalized sound.

Among them, pinyin with band represents unrepresented words, but the sound contained in this system.

Three, Changsha dialect pinyin system for example:

1, tone:

Flat tone-1

Yangping no.2

On -3

Yin Yi -4

Yang zhiwu

Input -6

2. Initial consonants:

Class b 1

Ph phan 2

Ming m min 2

Application of f fu 6

Terminal t tunn 1

Toutou no.4

Mud nickel 1

Gan k kann 1

Look at kh khann 1(khann 4)

Yangyi 2

Hehe 1

See hc hcienn 4.

Lack of hch hchye 6

Xiao hs Xiao 3

C can 1

Sky 1

Monk's Sen 1

Lyle Lai 2

Rizi no.6

Monosyllabic vowels and nasal sounds:

Aa，aa 1

a

An an 2

An Anan 1

Administrative account (account executive)

Hehehe 2

e

Eh te theh 6

Ehn transverse hehn 2

Ehnn is very hehnn 5

I yi i 1

In should be in 1.

innin 1

Ih-time sih 2

U u 1

Unn police officer kunn 1

Y is in y 2

Yn halo yn 1

Compound vowels and nasal sounds:

Aiai 4

Aoao ngao 2

Er Feifei 1

Hou 2

Iaa 2 (ie 2)

Institute of Automobile Engineers (UK)

Ian Young Ian 2

Leaf ie 2 (iaa 2)

Ienn inflammation ienn 2

IOUs Xu Xiu 6

Uaa tile uaa 3

United airlines

Huan Wang uan 2

Uann bending uann 1

ueh

Uehn text uehn 1

Uai crooked uai 1

Uei is uei 2.

Leaf 6

Extension 2