Food is mostly liquid, without food residue, and easy to digest. Liquid food should be eaten less and more meals every day, but it still can't meet the daily demand for nutrition and calories, so it is only easy to use for a short time.

Liquid food is suitable for: (1) patients with esophageal cancer whose esophagus has been obstructed in the middle and late stage. (2) Patients with oral and throat tumors with dysphagia. (3) Initial food intake after various thoracic and abdominal tumors. (4) Advanced cancer patients with extreme physical exhaustion.

Examples of meals: milk, rice soup, soybean milk, egg soup or custard, fresh fruit juice and vegetable juice with sugar. However, attention should be paid to removing residues from fruit juice and vegetable juice. (Note: In order to avoid flatulence, patients with thoracic and abdominal tumors should not use milk or too sweet liquid food. )

Special way of eating

(1) The mixed liquid food is fed by nose. If the gastrointestinal function of cancer patients is normal, but it is difficult to take orally, if they cannot chew, swallow or lose consciousness, they can be fed by nose. For example, patients with tongue cancer, laryngeal cancer and jaw tumor cannot choose this method for the time being. Low-fat fiber-free milk is the most ideal food for nasal feeding, and polysaccharide protein, inorganic salts and multivitamins can also be added. Nasal feeding diet is usually formulated by hospitals, and it is generally necessary to make liquid food with fine, appropriate temperature, no residue, relatively complete nutrition and appropriate proportion. The daily total calorie intake by nasal feeding should be 1 of basal metabolism. 2— 1。 Five times.

(2) Essential diet, a kind of liquid nutrient with complete nutrition, consisting of small molecular substances and no residue. Its main components are amino acids (or short peptides), monosaccharides, fatty acids, multivitamins (water soluble and fat soluble), minerals and trace elements. Most of the necessary meals are digested, and the absorption rate can reach 99. 1%, 100% amino acids may be absorbed. The jejunum can be placed directly through the nose and stomach through a silicone tube. Because the nutrient solution is semi-digestible, the human body only needs 65- 100 cm of small intestine to absorb and utilize it. This is a safe and economical nutritional support therapy.

(3) Gastrointestinal nutrition support method: all nutrients and calories needed by cancer patients are input by intravenous infusion, including all essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins, electrolytes and trace elements needed by human body every day. At present, the central venous infusion used in clinic can continuously and evenly input all the nutrients needed by human body, which is not affected by patients' appetite and digestive function, so that patients can maintain their metabolism in the body without eating, protect important vital organs, reduce catabolism and prolong their lives.

In the past, this method was only used to rescue patients with advanced critical cancer. In recent years, some weak cancer patients developed severe gastrointestinal malnutrition during radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The malnutrition of patients supported by this method has been obviously improved, so that they can tolerate radiotherapy, chemotherapy and major surgery. At present, this method is one of the means to improve the severe malnutrition of patients.