Pepper has high nutritional value and contains many vitamins, sugars, carotenoids, organic acids and so on. The edible part of bell-shaped sweet pepper accounts for about 82% of the fresh weight per 100g, including water 93.0g, protein 1.0g, fat 0.2g, dietary fiber 1.4g, carbohydrate 4.0g, carotene 340μg, ascorbic acid 72mg, vitamin E0.59mg, vitamin E 0. 100g The edible part of dehydrated bell-shaped sweet pepper is 100%, containing water 10.5g, protein 7.6g, fat 0.4g, dietary fiber 8.3g, carbohydrate 68.3g, carotene 169 10μg, and. Vitamin E accounts for about 84% of fresh pepper per 100g, and red pepper accounts for about 80% of its edible part, with water content of 88.8g, protein 1.3g, fat of E0.44mg, carbohydrate of 5.7g, carotene 1390μg and ascorbic acid. Whether the pepper is hot or not depends on the content of capsaicin (C16H2 7NO2). Capsaicin mainly exists near the inner tube seat and diaphragm of fruit. Moderate spicy taste can stimulate appetite, cheer up the spirit and help digestion.
Pepper has a strong health care effect on human body, and its roots, stems and fruits can be used as medicine, and it has the functions of dredging meridians, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, expelling wind and cold, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain, stimulating appetite and promoting digestion, nourishing liver and improving eyesight, warming the middle warmer and lowering qi, inhibiting bacteria and relieving itching, preventing corrosion and expelling insects, and treating chilblain and scabies.
Pepper is native to South America and widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. According to FAO statistics (2003), the world pepper planting area is 6.5438+654 million km2, and the total output is 23.248 million tons. Asia has the largest planting area, followed by Africa. But the output per unit area is among the best in Europe. The country with the largest planting area in the world is China, with a planting area of 603,000 km2 and a total output of11535,000 t, followed by Indonesia, Mexico, South Korea, Turkey and Nigeria. The total exports are China, Mexican, Turkish, Spanish, American and Nigerian. The average output per unit area is the Netherlands, Britain, Austria, Spain, France, Hungary and so on. Pepper was introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty (1640) and spread rapidly in China, with a cultivation history of more than 360 years. Fresh and dried peppers are one of the important export vegetable products in China, and dried and powdered peppers are exported to Southeast Asian countries.
Pepper is eaten with its tender or ripe fruit and is available all year round. It can be fried, cold-mixed, brewed or dried in the sun, and made into Chili powder, Chili sauce, Chili oil and candied fruit, and can also be pickled, pickled and pickled. It is also an important and indispensable condiment. Many famous foods at home and abroad are characterized by spicy, such as Sichuan mustard tuber, Sichuan cuisine, noodles with meat sauce and so on.
China is rich in pepper germplasm resources, distributed all over the country. It can be planted not only in the open field, but also in the protected area. In recent years, South China and Southwest China have developed a large number of anti-season planting, further improving the level of balanced supply of products throughout the year. Local varieties are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River basin, North China, Southwest China and Northeast China. By 2003, more than 265,438+000 pepper germplasm resources had been registered and entered the national long-term database of agricultural germplasm resources, and this number increased to nearly 2,200 in 2005.
The research on pepper germplasm resources in major developed countries in the world has moved from horticultural traits and disease resistance identification to molecular biology research. At present, China is still stuck in the identification of its main horticultural characters, economic characters and a few diseases (tobacco mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus, epidemic disease and anthracnose), and there is still a significant gap compared with developed countries.