Interpretation: Also known as "beating green". The custom of rural tourism around Tomb-Sweeping Day. In ancient times, Tomb-Sweeping Day was regarded as an outing festival.
Example: Tang Menghao ran's Journey to the Embankment: "Spring grass is older, and it is green in February and March."
Yuanyang Yunfu's Luan Jing Za Fu: "Gao Liu can't be provided for passers-by, and good flowers are left to young people."
Qing Ji cloud "Yuewei Caotang Huaixi Magazine Note 1": "Qingming tastes the tomb and sees the girl playing green."
Rou Shi's February 22nd: "Let's go for an outing."
[Edit this paragraph] Overview
Go for an outing, also known as spring outing, exploring spring and seeking spring. In spring, when the flowers turn green, we go hiking in suburban Yuan Ye and play all kinds of games, such as cuju, swinging and flying kites. China's outing custom has a long history. Legend was first formed in the pre-Qin period, and some people say it began in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. According to the Book of Jin, every spring, people go to the suburbs to enjoy the scenery together, especially in the Tang and Song Dynasties. According to "Old Tang Book", "In February of the second year of Dali, at noon, it was fortunate that Kunming was green." It can be seen that the custom of spring outing has long been deeply rooted in people's hearts. In Song Dynasty, outing was very popular. The genre painting "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" by Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Song Dynasty, vividly depicts the lively scene of the Qingming Festival centered on the Bianhe River outside Bianjing. In this picture, there are more than 550 people, more than 50 livestock, more than 20 ships, more than 20 cars and sedan chairs. The grand occasion of the Qingming outing can be seen. Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once recorded the grand occasion of the royal spring outing. "On March 3rd, the world was new, and many beautiful women walked along the Chang 'an seaside." For thousands of years, hiking has gradually become a ritual. "I don't play in spring, but I am afraid I am an idiot." Bai Juyi's poem "Spring Tour" is a portrayal of this mentality.
[Edit this paragraph] Customize
Although the outing is in the spring of the year, the specific time is often different. Feng Yingjing in Ming Dynasty, Fei Zhu in Yuan Dynasty and Li Nao in Tang Dynasty respectively pointed out that the outing season is the eighth day of the first month, the second day of February and the third day of March. On the second day of the second lunar month, people go out to collect leaves and prepare paper firecrackers to celebrate the birthday of the earth god. Later, due to Tomb-Sweeping Day's grave-sweeping, it was another beautiful spring, the vegetation turned green, and the fields were bright and fragrant. Grave-sweepers often "cry, don't come back, look for trees, choose nurseries, sit in a row and get drunk", which has evolved from a simple ritual activity to a successful spring outing at the same time. Wu Weixin, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "Pear blossoms are clear, and wanderers go out of the city to find spring. Sun's tomb is filled with songs, and ten thousand willows return to the warbler. " At that time, the spring outing was from day to dusk, and the grand occasion of crazy singing was incisive.
Spring blooms in Qingming Festival. In this season, they travel together and feel the breath of spring while paying homage to their ancestors. Swing, fly kites, tug-of-war, cockfighting, crossing willows, mowing grass and playing ball games in the countryside. I don't want to turn around when my mood is released, and my happiness gradually overflows from my face.
play on the swing
In ancient times, Tomb-Sweeping Day had the custom of swinging. Swing, there is the word "skin" next to the ancient word, and the thousand-character script also takes the word away, which means pulling the leather rope to move. As early as ancient times, people created the activity of swinging in climbing in order to get food from high places. It was originally called "Qian Qiu". Legend has it that it was created by Shanrong people in the north during the Spring and Autumn Period. At first, it was just a rope, swinging around with both hands grasping the rope. Later, Duke Heng of Qi levied Northern Mountain Rong and brought "Qian Qiu" to the Central Plains. In the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the word "Qian Qiu" was used in the palace as a birthday greeting, meaning "Qian Qiu will live forever". Later, in order to avoid taboos, the word "Qian Qiu" was reversed to "swing". Later it gradually evolved into a swing with two ropes and pedals. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, swinging became a light and agile game for women to practice. When playing on the swing, people swing around in the air and fly freely, which is very interesting. "The Legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao" records: "From the palace to the Cold Food Festival, a swing was set up, which made the ladies-in-waiting laugh and think it was a feast. The emperor called it a half-fairy play."
In the works of Tang and Song literati, there are many descriptions about swings. Wei Zhuang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote the poem "Chang 'an Qingming Festival": "The purple flowers are red, and the green poplar is swaying. "When the spring breeze blows willow in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the girls are swinging in groups under the country trees, which is really poetic. Swing was a very common game at that time. Li Qingzhao, a poetess in the Song Dynasty, often described this in her poems: "Stop swinging, get up and straighten your hands. "The dew is thick and thin, the sweat is light and the clothes are thorough." (Diancrimson Lips) Many people like to use bamboo to form a temporary "bamboo shoot swing" and dance and play in the suburbs during Qingming Festival. Because Tomb-Sweeping Day swings everywhere, some people call it "Swing Festival". Flying kites is the most popular game in Tomb-Sweeping Day. The kite has been in my car for more than two thousand years. Legend has it that in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a loser, the mythical "Luban", who could make a wooden kite, cut bamboo into magpies and flew away three days later. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Liang was besieged by Hou Jing rebels in Taicheng. Minister Yang Kan tied the imperial edict with a kite and invited reinforcements to come to the rescue. Kites were originally used as a tool to convey news in the military, and later gradually evolved into an entertainment toy. kite
fly a kite
Gao Pian, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Kite": "The static string rings blue at night, and the palace merchants are attracted by the wind; It's like a song, but it is blown by the wind. " The original name of kite, Inquiries and Notes, records: kite, that is, paper kite, also known as wind kite. In the Five Dynasties, Ye Li made a paper kite in the palace, with the wind as the correct direction. Later, bamboo was used as a flute on the head of a kite, and the wind entered the flute tube to make a pleasant sound, like a "kite", commonly known as a kite. At first, it was limited to the appreciation of childe and beauty among the nobles of the palace. After the Song Dynasty, it became a favorite activity of the folk people. Kite is not only an exquisite folk handicraft, but also a popular entertainment product, which has always been loved by writers. "Beijing Zhuzhi Ci" also vividly describes kites: "A thousand people fly kites, and thousands of feet hemp rope is a bamboo pole. The world is peaceful and new, and the party is learning Biyun. " As early as the Qing Dynasty, kites had developed to a very delicate level in the four major arts of tying, pasting, painting and flying. When Cao Xueqin was writing a book in a poor place in Xishan, Beijing, he studied the method of tying kites, and also wrote a book, The Kite of North and South. The book introduces in detail the techniques and skills of tying, pasting, drawing and flying forty or fifty kinds of kites, such as wing swallow, double carp, butterfly, crab, pet princess and twin. Besides, flying kites was associated with bad luck in ancient times. There is such a description in A Dream of Red Mansions: Lin Daiyu might as well put down her elaborate kite. Li Ren advised her: "This is the fun of flying kites, so it is called unlucky. You have to fly more and take the root of the disease with you. " When Zijuan wanted to pick up a kite without a main thread, Tan Chun dissuaded her: "Isn't it taboo to pick up people?" It can be seen that flying kites was a means for people to eliminate disasters and difficulties in ancient times. You can't pick up other people's kites, so as not to be unlucky with others. Some people write all their troubles on paper when flying a kite, and let it fly into the blue sky with the kite, thinking that all their troubles will go with the wind.
gamecock
In ancient times, cockfighting competitions prevailed in Qingming, which began in Qingming and lasted until the summer solstice. The earliest record of cockfighting in China can be found in Zuo Zhuan. In the Tang dynasty, cockfighting became a common practice, not only among the people, but also the emperor. For example, Tang Xuanzong likes cockfighting best.
play football
Bow is a rubber ball, the skin of which is made of leather, and the ball is stuffed with wool. Cuju is kicking the ball with your feet. This is a popular game in ancient Tomb-Sweeping Day. According to legend, it was invented by the Yellow Emperor with the original purpose of training warriors.
[Edit this paragraph] Poetry
Peach blossoms, and poets and poets are even more lyrical, and beautiful sentences and chapters abound. For example, "Spring grass is older, and we go for an outing in February and March" (Meng Haoran's Journey to the Embankment), "When we go for an outing in the south in mid-spring, we get wind of it" (Ouyang Xiu's "Ruan Langgui's outing"), "Winning the sky to find a good shore, and the boundless scenery is suddenly new" (Zhu's "Spring Day") and so on. The most elegant is undoubtedly 65438+.
Ouyang Xiu, Ruan Langgui, South Park, spring half tour.
It's halfway through the spring in Nanyuan, and the wind smells like Ma Si.
Green plums are like beans and eyebrows, and butterflies fly every day.
Flower dew is heavy and grass smoke is low; The curtains hang down.
Swing grass trapped Luo clothes, painting hall Shuang Yan habitat.
About the author: Ouyang Xiu (1007 ~ 1072), whose phonetic notation is non-Yang, whose real name is Yongshu, was a drunkard in his later years, a famous layman, posthumous title Wenzhong,No. Ouyang Wenzhong, Ji 'an Yongfeng (now Jiangxi) [claiming to be from Luling], Han nationality, originally from Jizhou. Together with Tang Hanyu, Liu Zongyuan, Song Anshi, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and Ceng Gong, they are called "eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".
"Spring" Song Zhuxi
Beautiful spring outing in Surabaya, the endless scenery is new.
Everyone can see the face of spring, the spring breeze blows flowers open, thousands of purple, and the scene of spring is everywhere.
About the author: Zhu (1 130— 1202) is a famous philosopher, thinker, poet, educator and writer in the Southern Song Dynasty. Han nationality, dark personality, later changed to Zhonghui, named Huian. Alias Ziyang, ancestral home in Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Jiangxi), living in Jianyang (now Fujian) Chong 'an.
"Su Causeway Qingming is a matter" Wu Song Wei Xin
Pears bloom in the light, and wanderers go out of the city in spring.
At dusk, the songs are ready, and the willows belong to a warbler.
About the author: Wu Weixin was born in Ruochuan (now Xing Wu, Zhejiang). Poet in the late Southern Song Dynasty.
"Suburban line is one thing" Song Chenghao
Grass and green fields, spring around the mountains;
Zhu Xing Luan Hong wears Liuxiang, but sits in the imperial city because of flowing water;
Don't bid farewell to wine, lest the wind turn red;
Besides, it's Tomb-Sweeping Day today, and it's met with fine weather. It's very suitable for sightseeing, but you can't leave.
About the author: Cheng Hao (1032 ~ 1085) was a philosopher and educator in the Song Dynasty. The word Bochun,no. Ming Dow, was born in Luoyang, Henan (now). Cheng Yi and his brothers are called "Cheng Er" in the world.
[Edit this paragraph] Precautions
The humid climate in spring is easy to breed bacteria. Try to avoid drinking raw water and eating unsanitary food. Don't sit on the floor in case you get wet and get sick. It is best to bring your own dry food and tea for short-distance travel.
"Spring sleepiness" is a common feeling, and overwork should be avoided, especially for middle-aged and elderly people with chronic diseases such as hypertension, heart disease and asthma. Do what you can for a spring outing, don't climb mountains or travel long distances. Charming scenery often makes people linger, so pay attention to the rhythm.
Beware of travel diseases
Spring is coming, which is a good time to travel. When traveling, you must pay attention to your own protection and guard against all kinds of tourism diseases invading your body.
1. Pollen allergy is mostly caused by pollen from various trees or other plants. Generally manifested as respiratory and eye discomfort symptoms, such as stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, itchy nose, eyes and whole body, similar to bronchial asthma; In severe cases, there will be chest tightness and breathlessness. Spring, summer and autumn are the high incidence seasons of pollen allergy. Therefore, people with allergic reactions had better not choose to travel during this period, especially in windy weather. If you need to go out, prepare desensitizing drugs, such as diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine.
2. Travel Sleep Disorders Some young people like to sleep in the wild to cool off when traveling in summer and autumn. As a result, I woke up the next day with either headache or dizziness, or abdominal pain, diarrhea, sore limbs and general malaise. The best way to prevent tourists from falling asleep is not to sleep outdoors. If you really can't find a place to live, you should also set up a simple tent and sleep in a dry, ventilated and flat place. It is best to choose the southeast slope. When laying the floor, you can find some hay as a "mattress", which is moisture-proof and can relieve fatigue.
3. Seaside tourism diseases The seaside air has high humidity and high sodium ion content. People with acute rheumatism, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, exudative pleurisy and heart failure should not travel to the seaside, otherwise they will aggravate their illness and suffer from seaside tourism diseases.
4. Cave travel is cool in caves, but not all caves can be entered casually. Some inaccessible caves and abandoned pagodas have been abandoned for many years, cold and humid. Over time, all kinds of bacteria and viruses will breed and tourists will be infected. And there are often poisonous snakes and bats in these places. Therefore, when traveling, don't go in as soon as you see the hole, but investigate it clearly to avoid being hurt.
Go for an outing to prevent "three poisons"
When you travel in the wild, here is a special reminder, don't forget to prevent diseases and viruses when you travel.
Prevent flower poison. Now is a good time for a spring outing, but it is necessary to guard against flower poison. Some people stay in front of flowers for a long time, and they will have symptoms such as dizziness and sore throat. It turns out that some flowers will release a kind of waste gas harmful to human body, and some pollen contains toxic alkali, which will cause chronic poisoning if it is accompanied by flowers for a long time. These poisonous flowers mainly include rhododendron, mimosa, oleander, daffodil, poinsettia, calla lily, cordate telosma, tulip, delphinium, cactus and so on. There are also some flowers and plants that can cause human allergies, such as five-color plum, hydrangea, geranium and so on.
Bee venom prevention. Bee venom mainly contains formic acid, neurotoxin and histamine, which can cause hemolysis, bleeding and central nervous system damage. Bees are the least toxic, wasps and wasps are the biggest, and bamboo bees are the strongest. Therefore, do not wear perfume, hair gel and other scented cosmetics when going out for an outing, so as not to attract bees; Keep candy and sugary drinks sealed. If you accidentally touch the hive and cause the bee colony to stir, you should squat down on the spot. If you are stung by a bee, you should immediately and carefully pull out the stinger, and then choose a suitable lotion to wash the wound: if you are stung by a bee, you can wash it with soapy water or clear water.
Antivirus. There is an epidemic fever virus closely related to field activities. It turns out that the carriers of this virus are rats, especially wild rats, so the epidemic areas of this disease are mostly in the border areas of Shan Ye, and May-June in early summer or10-1in late autumn is the "high season" every year. However, in recent years, the epidemic area has expanded and the epidemic season has been advanced to spring, which poses a threat to people who go out for an outing in spring. Therefore, outdoor activities should not lie down or sleep in the mountains or grass; Wipe the dust off your clothes before you come back from the wild; Wear long-sleeved clothes when going out to prevent accidents.
[Edit this paragraph] There are many benefits to going for an outing.
Going out for an outing in spring has many benefits for the human body. If you breathe fresh air through forests and streams, you can clear your lungs and strengthen your spleen and enhance your cardiopulmonary function. Climbing the peak and crossing the ridge can relax the tendons and prevent joint aging; Fast walking can promote blood circulation and prevent arteriosclerosis; Overlooking can broaden your horizons and delay vision degradation; By consuming human body heat, it can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, improve digestive function and increase appetite.
There are many negative oxygen ions in the air in the spring with a suitable climate. According to the measurement, there are only 40 ~ 50 negative oxygen ions per cubic centimeter in the air of big cities, while there are 700 ~ 1000 in rural areas and more than 2,000 in coastal areas and valleys, which is of great benefit to improving human health. It can not only kill a variety of bacteria in the air, but also regulate brain function, promote blood circulation and metabolism, improve human resistance, eliminate fatigue, refresh the mind, and have the effects of analgesia, sedation, cough and asthma relief, and blood pressure reduction. Can be used for treating hypertension, asthma, neurasthenia and arthritis. Therefore, it is also called "air vitamin".
In addition, the spring breeze in the wild is warm and the light is suitable, which makes people feel very comfortable, and the fatigue caused by intense work will also dissipate. In addition, it can also slow down people's heartbeat and breathing, so that the heart and lungs can rest. It has been determined that in the wild, the beating of the heart is reduced by 4-8 times per minute, in some cases, it can be reduced by 14- 18 times, and breathing can be reduced by 2-3 times, which is very beneficial to the heart and lungs.
Green mountains and green waters can also have a certain impact on your vision, which is of great benefit to your vision. Being between mountains and rivers and looking around will relax the ciliary muscles of the eyes, relax the refractive adjustment mechanism of the eyes and prevent myopia. Green is a benign stimulus to the eyes, which will make people sharp and calm.
Hiking is a good choice for the elderly who have been dormant indoors for a winter. It can wander around, regulate nerves, improve the process of excitement and inhibition of cerebral cortex, cultivate temperament and keep fit.
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