A: The main house of Beijing Siheyuan (Beijing Siheyuan is not called the main house, but the main house) should be located in the north of the Siheyuan, with five tile houses facing south and east and west.

The east and west sides of the hall are called wings, the east is called east wing, and the west is called west wing.

The first room is generally lived by family elders, the east room is generally lived by sons, and the west room is generally lived by unmarried daughters.

2. Where is Beijing Siheyuan?

Within the Second Ring Road, it is mainly distributed in Dongcheng, Xicheng, Xuanwu and Chongwen District. Now the quadrangles are all protected, and now 25 key protected areas are divided, mainly around Shichahai, De 'anmen, Jingshan, Dongsi and Xisi.

How to get to Beijing Siheyuan?

First of all, the building of Beijing quadrangles strictly conforms to the traditional geomantic omen in China, China, while the traditional geomantic omen in China is summarized according to the laws of natural operation, so the living stress of quadrangles also comes from this.

In the north, the central hall is generally the living room for visitors, and the northwest hall is the place where the head of the family lives. It can also be where the father lives, or where the oldest man lives, because the north is where water, kidneys and the strongest man or the head of the family live. Northeast root is the beginning of qi, the end of mountain and the end of meaning, which means the beginning of hair growth. Therefore, children, toddlers or nannies in the northeast usually go to check in, and the northeast is also a wing.

In the east, when the sun rises in the east, it is the main source of hair growth. Men live in the East Palace, and some are older, the so-called Prince of the East Palace. Therefore, middle-aged men in the east are the most active and youthful, while two men in the southeast are two men and generally live in two women. The second daughter, Wenchang in the southeast, usually grows a big tree, and there will be many doors in the southeast.

South, South has taken the place of Suzaku. If the courtyard door is not opened in the south, the eldest daughter lives in the south, and the general guest room is also located in the south, with Wei Kun in the southwest, which is usually the mother's residence. However, the average mother will live with her father in the northwest mountain. If the father dies, the mother stays in the southwest mountain and the eldest son stays in the northwest mountain. Grandma and visitors will stay, and the owner of this family will be there.

The west, the west is the place where the Lord meets, scares and returns at sunrise, the so-called Nishinomiya Empress. In a quadrangle, if the host has several daughters-in-law, the wife usually lives in the west, and my concubine lives in the southwest wing. If the wife and master live in the northwest, the second or third daughter stays in the west without a concubine.

4. Beijing Siheyuan Tour Guide

I once lived in Beijing Siheyuan for a period of time, which stems from my love for culture. I walked the streets to interpret and discover the uniqueness of Beijing quadrangles. The quadrangles in Beijing are scattered and crowded together, and the hutong in the middle of the stream has become a non-word.

Walking through Feixiang every day, you will find the former residences of celebrities, princesses and Qi Baishi within a few steps. To say that the S quadrangle in Beijing is different from other quadrangles, the quadrangles in Beijing and the United States are all made of red Lan Qing, and the color looks very suitable. Compared with Suzhou, the internal structure of S quadrangles seems simple but not complicated, but most of them are cultural celebrities, so Beijing can be called the imperial capital with the strongest cultural heritage.

Walking through Beijing's hutongs and enjoying the ancient ruins, you will feel that China's culture is heavy, not just simple in appearance.

Siheyuan in Beijing has many advantages. Siheyuan has a spacious courtyard, where flowers and trees can be planted, fish tanks can be placed, and it can also be used as an entertainment place for children and the elderly.

It is sunny in winter, and the rooms in the yard are separated, not far apart, which is convenient for the whole family to live in.

The quadrangle is a brick-wood structure with suspended beams, thick roof and good seismic performance.

Build a gazebo

Of course, everything has its advantages and disadvantages, and quadrangles also have their disadvantages. First of all, the east-west wing and the south wing are not as good as the north wing. The south wing faces north, so it is not easy for the sun to shine inside. The east wing is sunny in summer, while the west wing is hot in summer and cold in winter. Three quarters of the houses in the hospital are not oriented well, which is naturally a great disadvantage.

Secondly, there is a lack of functional partitions. Houses in quadrangles are divided according to the identity of family members. Grandparents and parents live in the North House, while children and grandchildren live in the East and Westinghouse. There is no specific division between living room and dining room, especially kitchen, bathroom and toilet, which brings a lot of inconvenience to residents.

Because the kitchen is far from the restaurant, I often have to walk across the yard with vegetables.

Without a special bathroom, bathing naturally becomes a big problem.

The toilet is far from the bedroom, so it is inconvenient to use. Some yards have no toilets here. For convenience, residents can only go to Hutong.

5. Introduction of Beijing Siheyuan

Gongwangfu 1

National Museum, a national 5A-level tourist attraction.

No.0/7, Qianhai West Street, Xicheng District, Beijing

Gongwangfu, located in Qianhai West Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, is the largest mansion in Qing Dynasty and one of the most famous quadrangle buildings in Beijing. The predecessor of the Palace was originally the first residence of Xiaoshenyang, the powerful minister of Qianlong Dynasty in Qing Dynasty, and also the residence of Lin Yong, the younger brother of Jiaqing Emperor. Later, Prince Gong? Named after being alive. Gongwangfu is a well-preserved Wangfu complex in China with a total area of 60,000 square meters. It is divided into two parts: a mansion and a garden, and there are more than 30 building communities. It experienced the historical process from the heyday to the decline of the Qing Dynasty, bearing extremely rich historical and cultural information. So it's called Gongwangfu, half the history of Qing Dynasty. Gongwangfu is the most expensive quadrangle complex in Beijing. Now it is a national first-class museum, a national AAAAA tourist attraction and a national key cultural relics protection unit.

2 Li

No.7, Xihuangchenggen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing

Li Zhai is located at No.7 and No.9, Gennan Street, Xihuangcheng. This is the private residence of Zhou Kui, the wife of Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty entered Beijing, this mansion was owned by Aisingiorro Daishan, the second son of Nuerhachi in Qing Dynasty. Daishan was named Prince Li Heshuo, and he inherited it, so this house is the house of Prince Li. In the twelfth year of Jiaqing, the government was destroyed by fire. At that time, Li's prince Zhao Lian raised funds to rebuild his former residence. Wangfu, with a large scale and an area of about 30 hectares, is the top quadrangle building in Beijing. After liberation, the palace was changed to the office of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, which is now used by the State Council Municipal Affairs Bureau. The building is largely well preserved.

Qinchungong No.3

Cultural relics protection unit

No.44, North Edge of Houhai, Xicheng District, Beijing

Chunwangfu, located at No.44, the northern edge of Houhai, Xicheng District, Beijing, is a large-scale mansion in the Qing Dynasty. It used to be the residence of Nalan Mingzhu, a scholar of Kangxi, and Yong Jue, the prince of Chengzhe, until 1872, Chunwangfu became the owner of the mansion, hence the name Chunwangfu. The Spring Palace experienced the historical process from the heyday to the decline of the Qing Dynasty, bearing extremely rich historical and cultural information, and has now become a key cultural relic protection object in China. This palace, covering an area of nearly 40,000 square meters, consists of a number of quadrangles, followed by a two-story back cover building. Its West Garden is also the former residence of Comrade Soong Ching Ling in Beijing. It is the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units and is open to the outside world.

4 Guo Moruo's former residence

Cultural relics protection unit

Beijing Xicheng district

Guo Moruo's former residence is located at No.8/KLOC-0, Qianhaiyan, Xicheng District, Beijing. Its predecessor was the etiquette arsenic palace garden in Qing dynasty, and later it became the forage field and stable of Prince Gong. Teacher Guo Moruo lived here from June 1963 to June 12, and spent the last 15 years here. Former?Residence?

Ji Lan's former residence is located at No.241,zhushikou West Street, Beijing, and is a municipal-level cultural relics protection unit. The original owner of this house was Sun Yuezhongqi, the powerful minister of Yongzheng period and the 21st generation of Yue Fei. However, Ji Xiaolan lived in this house for more than 60 years and died in this house, so he chose Ji Xiaolan's former residence. Ji Lan's former residence is a brick-wood structure in A Qing, which belongs to the architectural pattern of two-in-one quadrangles. Ji Xiaolan planted vines in the front yard and begonia in the back yard. The former residence was rebuilt and opened to the public in 2003, covering an area of1200m2. It is one of the most expensive quadrangles in Beijing.

6 Li former residence

52 Dongxing Long Street, Chongwai Street, Chongwen District, Beijing

There are many former residences of Li, and the quadrangle located at No.52 Dongxing Long Street outside Chongwenmen is one of them. The former residence is a typical representative of the quadrangle in Jin Duo, Beijing, which embodies the essence of the quadrangle culture in old Beijing, and the traditional architectural forms are fully displayed here. This quadrangle in Beijing has four courtyards with a building area of 1868 square meters. Its style belongs to the late Qing Dynasty. This is a well-preserved mansion. It is also a district-level cultural relics protection unit in Chongwen District. It belongs to one of the most expensive quadrangles in Beijing and is now owned by Tongrentang Group.

7 Lu Xun's former residence

Beijing cultural relics protection unit

No.2 Lane 19, Neigongmenkou, Fuchengmen, Xicheng District, Beijing

Lu Xun's former residence is located at No.21,Xisantiao, Fuchengmen, Beijing. Beijing Luxun Museum, located in Fuchengmen, Xicheng District. This is a small yard with three compartments. This very simple Beijing quadrangle, with an area of about 400 square meters, was designed and rebuilt by Lu Xun himself in the spring of 1924. Moved to Beijing in May of the same year and went south to1August, 926. Lu Xun's former residence has three rooms in the north and south, one in the east and one in the west. It has always maintained the same appearance, including the furnishings in the room. It is also the best preserved former residence of Lu Xun in Beijing.

8 Maodun former residence

Beijing cultural relics protection unit

No. En Temple 13, south edge of Jiaodaokou, Dongcheng District, Beijing

Mao Dun's former residence is located atNo. 13, Yuanensi Hutong, Houjiaokou, Dongcheng District, Beijing, with an area of 878 square meters. This is the standard quadrangle in Beijing. Teacher Mao Dun lived here for 1974- 198 1 year, and finished his last work, Memoirs of the Road I Walked. The living room and reception room of the former residence remain the same, with Mao Dun's books, daily necessities, clothes, stationery and certificates. Are displayed in Mao Dun's former residence.

9 Mei Lanfang Memorial Hall

Cultural relics protection unit

No.9 Huguosi Street, Xicheng District, Beijing

Mei Lanfang Memorial Hall, located at No.9 Huguosi Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, is a typical quadrangle in Beijing. This used to be Prince Yi's stable. This palace was built in the late Qing Dynasty and later converted into a residential building, covering an area of more than 700 square meters. This quadrangle in Beijing is divided into front and back floors. Mei Lanfang 1950 to 196 1 year lived in the United States. Most of the flowers and trees in the yard are planted by Mei Lanfang. This house is well preserved and is now designated as Mei Lanfang Memorial Hall, a national key cultural relics protection unit.

10 Former Residence of Qi Baishi

Beijing China key protected cultural relics

Cross Hutong 13, Xicheng District, Beijing

Qi Baishi's former residence is located at Kuoche Hutong 13, Xicheng District, Beijing. It is said that this house was the house of a chief minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, and was later sold separately. 13 courtyard is only a part of the original residence, and it is a relatively complete single-courtyard residence. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was purchased by the Ministry of Culture as the residence of the painter Qi Baishi. The former residence, which runs east and west, covers an area of 204 square meters and is inhabited by descendants of Baishi. It is one of the top ten private quadrangles in Beijing with good conditions.

1 1 Lao She Memorial Hall

Beijing China key protected cultural relics

No.0/9, Wisdom Fofo Agbo Hutong, dengshikou West Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing

Laoshe Memory

The quadrangles in Beijing are all within a few rings. Some ordinary farmhouses have also built the structure of quadrangles. The south room and the north room, with east room and west room, are designed as quadrangles, which are quadrangles as soon as they enter the yard. Siheyuan can be divided into one courtyard, two courtyards and three courtyards. Siheyuan can be divided into large quadrangles and small quadrangles. Each courtyard is like an independent small courtyard. Go through a door alone. When we usually say Beijing quadrangles, we basically mean that there are more quadrangles within the Second Ring Road. Uncle Wang Sun used to live in a palace, which basically belonged to a quadrangle.

6. Beijing Siheyuan Scenic Area

First of all, the pattern is basically the same, whether it is ternary or pentad. Let's take Beijing Siheyuan as an example.

1. The entrance of the street gate faces the shadow wall, which is independent or attached to the gable of the back room (wing).

There is a wing behind the screen wall. Take the quadrangle facing south as an example. There is an east wing behind the screen wall, but no patio.

3. The courtyard with garden is a compound courtyard. The garden is usually on one side of the main courtyard, and a side door is connected by a veranda.

4. Chuanshan veranda, also known as Shoushou veranda, is an obvious symbol of quadrangle architecture in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The veranda is connected with the main room, wing room and hanging flower door, and runs through the front and rear courtyards at the same time.

When the host meets a general business visit, he will change rooms in the first yard because he wants to avoid the harem in the yard. Acquaintances or distinguished guests will be invited to the main hall. Non-relatives are usually not invited directly to their home. Of course, this is a strict statement that people may not always follow.

6. In addition to the reverse living room, the outer court may also have cloisters, with doors or small windows on both sides of the street gate, just like the doorway of the street gate. At the end of the reverse living room, there may be a toilet.

7. The route to visit Beijing Siheyuan

Beijing quadrangles are adapted to local conditions. There is no fixed size, only general principles. The general principle of standard quadrangles in Beijing: the basic shape is north room (main room), south room (inverted room) and east and west wing rooms, which are separated on all sides, surrounded by high walls and with doors in the southeast corner. Generally, the total number of rooms is 5 rooms in the North House, 3 rooms in the East House, 3 rooms in the Westinghouse, 4 rooms in the South House except the main gate, and 17 rooms at the entrance and hanging door. Generally, each room 1 1- 12m2, with a total construction area of 200m2 and an area of 400m2.

If it is a quadrilateral with two entrances, three entrances or even larger, the area will be larger, with two entrances not less than 600 square meters and three entrances not less than 900 square meters. Of course, this still refers to the general standard.

8. The route and visit contents of Beijing Siheyuan.

The picture below shows a well-known and well-preserved quadrangle in old Beijing. Ming and Qing dynasties:

1. Chonglifu: Address: No.63 and No.65 Dongsi wicker, with Nanbanqiao Hutong in the east, Yueguang Hutong in the west and Dongsi wicker in the north.

2. Wenyulou: Address: 7- 13, No.3 Maoer Hutong. Linqing House: Address: Liangguochang Hutong and Huangmi Hutong at the southern end of the back street of the Art Museum. Modern: 1. Lao She's former residence: Address: No.0/9, Wisdom Fofo Agbo Hutong, dengshikou West Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing. 2. Former residence of Mei Lanfang: Address: No.9 Huguosi Street, Xicheng District, Beijing. Extended material: Siheyuan, a combined architectural form in northern China, is a square or rectangular courtyard. The family lives in a closed yard. Siheyuan is an ancient and traditional cultural symbol of China. Fourth, there are four sides, east, west, north and south, which are combined into a zigzag shape, which is the basic feature of quadrangles. Courtyard houses are elegant in architecture, ingenious in structure and numerous in number, with Beijing as the best. Reference: Old Beijing Siheyuan-Baidu Encyclopedia