Basic introduction Chinese name: Tanzhou alias: Tanzhou administrative region category: prefecture-level city jurisdiction: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region postal code: 077 1 license plate number: Guangxi A historical evolution, historical records, Tanzhou military mutiny, overview, gathering people to raise righteousness, building "Nantian", transferring troops to the east, consolidating troops to Yangcheng, and killing two famous soldiers in succession. Nanning was established in 3 18, and was called Yongzhou in ancient times. The Tang Dynasty was changed to South Jinzhou to govern Xuanhua. Later renamed Xuanhua County and Yongning County, formerly known as Yongzhou Road. 1324 was changed to Nanning road (road is the hierarchical name of local organizational system, equivalent to the later government), and the name of Nanning began. There was Nanning Prefecture in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Republic of China, the government was abolished and Yongning County was ruled by the government. After liberation, there were Nanning City and Yongning County. Nanning is the capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Historical records record Tanzhou and Langning. Xia DuDu mansion. Kaiyuan households 1624 households. Township no.12 middle school. Yuanhe Lake Township is now the management office of Yongguan. Guizhou Yongzhou, Pennsylvania, Chengzhou, Hengzhou, Qinzhou, Zhou Xun and Luanzhou. County thirty-three. The land of Guyue, Qin and Nanyue is the land of Guilin County. In the Han Dynasty, it was the land of the leading party in Yulin County. It is here that Jin set up Xingxian County. In the fourteenth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty, Jinxing County was abolished as Jinxing County, which was a simple state, and the great cause was abolished for three years, and Yulin County was a county. Wude four years, located in South Jinzhou, Zhenguan six years, changed to Yongnian, named after the southwest of Yongzhou. After two years of dry sealing, it was placed in the Governor's House, then was trapped by Yi Li and moved to Guizhou. Jing Yun two years, Dingzhou boundary, to Tanzhou Dudufu. State territory: east, west, north and south, eight to eight: from north to top, take Xiangzhou Road 4775 Li and Tengzhou Road 5450 Li. It's 4585 miles from north to east. East to Qinzhou, 330 miles, southwest to? State 280 miles. 1000 miles southwest of Annan. Northeast to Chengzhou, 240 miles. Gong and Fu: Seven in guanxian: Xuanhua, Wuyuan, Jinxing, Lanning, Si Long, Fengling and Ruhe. Xuanhua County, Xiaxia. Xia Guo. This is the land of Fangjun County. In the fourteenth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty, Jinxing County was established, and in the eighteenth year, Xuanhua County was changed, belonging to Yulin County. Wude belonged to South Jinzhou for four years, and Zhenguan changed to Yongzhou for six years. Yujiang, through the south of the county seat, goes to the county seat twenty paces. Left and right flow, in the east of the county, west to the southeast of the county, with Yujiang injection. Wuyuan county, middle school. It is located 100 miles west of the state. Ben Han led Fang County, where Wuyuan County was established in the 11th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty, belonging to Yuanzhou. The great cause was abolished in three years, and Wude was restored in five years. Yujiang, from the south of the county seat, takes 30 steps to get to the county seat. There is a waterway 100 miles long in Ling Du town in the west of the county seat. Jinxing county, middle and lower. It's 100 mile south of the state. Today, the Han Dynasty introduced Fangxian County, and Jin was located in Jinxing County. In the fourteenth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty, Wude saved it in five years. Langning county, middle and lower. It is located 180 miles south of the state. In this Han Dynasty, the county was added, and in five years, Wude was divided into Lanning County, which belonged to South Jinzhou and changed to Yongzhou. Si Long county, middle and lower parts. It is located 300 miles east of the state. Fengling county, middle and lower. It's 100 miles from southwest to Guangzhou. Second county on the right, behind Jingyun. Such as county, middle and lower. A state ninety miles northeast. Hepu County in Han Dynasty, Wude analyzed Qinnanbin and Anjing counties in five years, and positioned it as Hexian County. Because there is the name of Heshan in forty miles southwest of the county, it belongs to Qin Zhou, and Jing Yun belongs to Yongzhou in two years. Overview of Yongzhou mutiny More than 950 years ago, during the Northern Song Dynasty (1052), an earth-shattering event happened in China's history-the leader of the Zhuang nationality in the southwest frontier, Nong, resolutely launched an uprising in Guangxi, rebelled against the oppression of the diplomatic relations, but attacked Da Song. With a thunderous momentum, Yongzhou (now Nanning) was captured in less than a month, and then the ancient city of Nanning, the great south of the Yangtze River, was established. Nong is a native of Guangyuan Prefecture (present-day Jingxi and Tiandong areas in Guangxi), and his father is a local Zhuang leader. Unable to bear the oppression and plunder of the toe-crossing country (now northern Vietnam), and unable to get the protection of Song Ting who blindly accommodated the toe-crossing, he sent troops to resist the toe-crossing, and was later captured and killed. When Nong Kochi came of age, he inherited his father's footsteps and became the leader of Guangyuan. In order to get rid of the control of toe-crossing, which he hated, he wrote to Song Ting several times and offered huge amounts of gold and tribute, asking to join in. However, the cowardly ruling group at that time, for fear of offending his toes, refused the farmers' sincere request for instructions from their subordinates. Therefore, after many unsuccessful and unbearable requests, IFAD launched this massive "uprising", which was unexpected by Song Ting. However, it seems that the country that bullies and plunders Zhuang people has not been attacked by Nong Gaozhi. Agricultural wisdom, gathering people to gather righteousness, is smart from an early age. He read a lot of poetry books and became the only scholar in Guangyuan Prefecture. Nong Gaozhi got great help from Guangdong Jinshi Huang Shimi and made full preparations for this grand event. On the one hand, he found out the actual situation of Yongzhou military defense, on the other hand, he paralyzed the other side and even deliberately showed weakness. He said, "The cave is hungry and the tribe is scattered." (The History of the Song Dynasty) convinced Chen Xun, the magistrate of Yongzhou, that Nong Gao Zhi was weak and was no match for Song Ting, so he was caught off guard. One day, Nong Gaozhi secretly sent someone to deliberately set fire to his village and said to everyone, "Folks! The property we have accumulated in this life has now been burned out by the sky, and there is no idea of living. We did our best! There is only one way out: rally the troops, hold an uprising, strive to capture Tanzhou City, and then further capture Guangzhou and be king! " (See Notes on the History of Song Dynasty) Nong Gaozhi's plan was very successful. With the support of people of all ethnic groups, on the sixth day of April in the fourth year (1052), Nong formed an army of 5,000 people in (now Jingxi) to declare an uprising. The insurgents were mighty, and they went down to Debao, crossed Tian Yang, and went down to Youjiang to the east. The next day, I arrived at Hengshanzhai (named Hengjiang Village, now Tiandong County) under the jurisdiction of Yongjiang State. The first battle was successful-the village was captured in one fell swoop, killing the whole village, claiming that Rixin and Yongjiang patrolled Gao Shian and Qin Hengzhou patrolled Wu Xiang. The rebels are disciplined and open warehouses everywhere for disaster relief. When the "Nantiangong" was completed, there was heavy rain in early summer, the river rose and the number of warships doubled. Agriculture led his troops down the river, and soon arrived in Xinxu, the western suburb of Tancheng, and fought with the defenders of Yongning County (now Yongning District, Nanning City) led by his father and son. Song Jun was surrounded by sentenced troops, so it was deprived of water and food and could not get reinforcements. So it was quickly defeated, and both Wu and his son died heroically. The army was sentenced to non-stop attack on Yongzhou, and the year-old was very alarmed. He ordered Wang Ganyou to guard the city gate and the military attache to guard the Chaotianmen Gate, and urgently sent Minister Kong Danfei to report the situation of joining the army to the nearby States and counties along the river, requesting reinforcements. Song Shi Yao of Maping (now Liujiang County) arrived first, and confronted the peasant army. He lost, and Song He died in battle. On the first day of May, Zhang Li's reinforcements arrived in Yong from Pennsylvania (now Binyang County). Chen Xun was overjoyed and gave a banquet in the city to pay his respects to the army. Ironically, when we heard the news that the city had been breached, all people were frightened to disgrace-Chen Xun, Zhang Li, Gan You and Chen Fuyao, the magistrate of our province, were captured alive and killed on the spot, and all more than 1,000 defenders were killed. Less than a month after the agricultural uprising, Yongzhou, an important town in Lingnan, was captured, which quickly laid the foundation for raising righteousness, indicating that the agricultural uprising met the requirements of the people of all ethnic groups in Lingnan Border Region and was supported by some people. After seizing Yongning Prefecture, Nong Gaozhi immediately set out to establish "Greater South China". Following the official system of China, he put on a yellow robe and called himself "Emperor Ren Hui", changed his country name to "Qili", named his mother the empress dowager, and named his 14-year-old eldest son the prince. They are all named as the official names of China. He also ordered the prison to be opened and the prisoners to be pardoned. The heart of agriculture is high, and the territory of the so-called "Greater South China" he conceived is not limited to Guangxi. Therefore, he only stayed in Yong for eight days-on the ninth day of May, the peasants held high the anti-flag of "Great South China" and, with the attitude of "Emperor Ren Hui", invaded the east and plundered the north according to the established policy. After a short rest, the insurgents moved eastward and their morale was very high. Arriving in Hengzhou (now Hengxian County), Zhang Xu, the magistrate, was scared to abandon the city and fled. On the 12th, the army captured Guizhou (now Guigang), and Li Cong, the year of the year, also fled. Two days later, the rebels arrived in Zhou Xun (now Guiping City), and it was known that soldiers from various towns in the state were urgently dispatched, and soldiers from Rongzhou (now Rongxian County) and Shanglin were invited to come to the rescue. However, due to the long-term non-war and the neglect of drills on weekdays, the garrison's combat capability is very poor, but it is still desperate and bloody. After the invasion of Zhou Xun, on May 16th, the uprising troops arrived in Duke Zhou (now Pingnan County) again. Knowing the state, I am afraid to abandon the city and flee. 17, the overwhelming army successively captured Tengzhou (now tengxian) and Wuzhou-Li Zhi and Jiang, two years old, also abandoned the city for their lives. The rebel army gained more and more momentum, and soon invaded Guangdong from Wuzhou, showing the trend of mutual destruction-without fierce fighting, it arrived in Fengzhou (now Fengchuan County, Guangdong Province), and the magistrate Cao Jin had long been on guard, and mobilized 500 death squads to guard it in advance, but he was outnumbered. Finally, the city was captured and sacrificed heroically. The morale of the peasants' army increased greatly, and they continued to point their troops at Kangzhou (now Deqing County, Guangdong Province). One day after Zhao took office, he killed the people sent by the peasants to surrender and led 300 soldiers to die. On May 18th, the city was martyred. The next day, the army captured Ruizhou (now Gaoyao County, Guangdong Province) and advanced on Sanshui three days later. Later, in order to avoid the typhoon, it stayed on the way for several days. On May 26th, the insurgents arrived in Guangzhou, an important town in the South China Sea. In just over ten days, the agricultural department marched eastward and captured Henggui, Xunxun, Gong, Teng, Wu, Feng, Kang and Ruijiuzhou in Guangdong and Guangxi, reaching Guangzhou thousands of miles away. It is the same thing as fighting the anti-flag. The number of rebels engaged in hair-raising has increased from 5,000 to nearly 30,000. After all, Yangcheng is a big city, and there are many soldiers in the city-farmers really fought a tough battle in Guangzhou. Rebels surrounded the city of Guangzhou. At first, the offensive was very fierce-various siege methods were used. However, it was the typhoon season in summer: the high ladder was broken by the strong wind; I switched to fire attack, but it was flooded by heavy rain. I tried to dig a tunnel, but failed-fortunately, there was rain to drink and the defenders were not short of water. Therefore, from May 26th to July 19th, the peasant army besieged Guangcheng for 57 days, but still failed to capture it. The rebels have been exhausted because of the protracted period. The agricultural uprising army was in full swing. Only a few months later, it broke through Yongzhou, surrounded Guangzhou and swept the land of Lingnan. The emergency military situation reached Kaifeng, Bianjing, which shocked the court of the Song Dynasty. Song Renzong's Zhao Zhen quickly crusaded against Yang Yi and others with "avant-garde suggestions" on the second day of June, and reinforcements arrived one after another-in this extremely unfavorable situation, the rebels had to withdraw from the encirclement. This uprising is based on three steps: one is to take Tanzhou, the other is to take Guangzhou, and the third is to explore Hunan (Hunan) and Jing (Hubei) in the north. Although defeated by Guangzhou, its military strength has not been damaged. Therefore, Nong Gaozhi still decided to send troops north. When the famous peasant army that killed two soldiers began to invade the north, it was still overwhelming. They first captured Qingyuan. When she arrived in Yingzhou, Yang Yi, who was stationed there, was afraid of being besieged, and even adopted the method of clearing the field-abandoning the land to burn food. The rebels bypassed the city and continued northward into Shaozhou. At this point, Song Jun had been prepared. The peasants learned the lesson of being surrounded by Guangzhou, no longer stationed troops at the gates, and moved to Huangzhou (now Lianxian County, Guangdong Province), pointing directly to central and northern Guangxi. The defenders there also died heroically. Hezhou in Guangxi was quickly destroyed. What is particularly worth mentioning is that the insurgents have achieved brilliant results there: they killed two famous Song generals, Zhong Zhang, on Guangnan East Road and killed Jiang Xie on Guangnan East Road (according to Taiping Zhi). Ren Song Zhao was furious-appointed Di Qing, vice minister of the Privy Council (the highest military organ in the Song Dynasty), as our special envoy to the south, and led 200,000 troops (including a warrior Xixia Tubo cavalry) from Kyoto to suppress the rebellion day and night. The pioneer of Yang is a descendant of a famous national hero (Biography of Yang in Song Dynasty). On September 12, the agricultural army annihilated the patrol teams in Li Gui, Yizhou and Liuzhou in Longdong, then attacked Zhaozhou (now Pingle County), and broke the city on September 18, and fled in. According to the original plan of Richard Tuo thief camp, after the rebels invaded Hunan and Beijing, they planned to make peace with the Song Dynasty in an active position. However, Nong Gaozhi clearly realized that they could not compete with the enemy forces nearly ten times stronger than the rebels. Therefore, after occupying Quanzhou, he made an important decision to return to Tanzhou after secret discussion with Huang Shimi and others. When the troops moved south, the front of the agricultural army was still sharp, invading Guangxi (now Guilin) and Liuzhou all the way and sending troops to attack Yizhou. At this moment, Di Qing's vanguard troops arrived. As a pioneer, Yang led the troops to meet the insurgents head-on near Guizhou. After fighting until he was injured, Yang was trapped in the thief camp. When Nong Gaozhi's team arrived in Tanzhou, the troops were still very strong, and the well-known Song Kelun fled after hearing the news. After recovering the land in Zhou Yong, Kochi clearly realized that there was no room for compromise with Song Ting, but his own strength was insufficient at present. He is going to return to Guangyuan, gather 36 ethnic chiefs such as Kongzhuang, consolidate the rear area, and then move north. When he was in Yong, he wrote a pair of couplets: Emperor Ye was not an adult and was old; Wang and Guo Hugh. The first part expresses his helpless ambition, and the second part points out the relationship between his subordinates and Great South China. In the decisive battle between Tancheng and Di Qing, Nong Gaozhi's troops were still very strong, and Song Jun dared not fight. After Juyi, the rebels were invincible and cultivated a sense of pride and relaxation. There is no way to explore the overall direction of the Song Imperial Army, which has sown the seeds of failure. In the first month of the fifth year of Emperor Youoc (1053), Di Qing led the main force to the vicinity of Kunlun Pass in Pennsylvania, where there was a natural barrier of "keeping it by one person and opening it by ten thousand people". Di Qing released the news that "Song Jun only reserves rations for five or ten days". Nong Kochi heard it, believed it, and was unprepared. In addition, it was the Lantern Festival at that time, and the evil wind was raining, which led to nearly 40,000 officers and men selected by Di Qing, a great Song star, successfully sneaking into the Kunlun Pass. On the 18th day of the first month, suddenly, the heavenly soldiers descended on the peasant army, and launched a battlefield in Guirenpu, which is only twenty miles away from Yong (according to the Biography of Di Qing in Song Dynasty). In this extremely severe situation-Nong Kochi had to fight in a hurry. At this moment, he knew that this was the first time that he had encountered a strong enemy in the past ten months. The battle of the noble shop is no small matter, which is related to the life and death of the Great South! On the vast Yuanye, the two armies confronted each other, lined up: the rebels stood in front, a small soldier holding a banner and a shield, followed by a weak temple, all dressed in crimson military uniforms, like a burning fire; Song Jun is in front of the infantry, and the cavalry recruited by Xixia is behind. As soon as the two armies met, Song Jiang and Sun Jie died in battle: "May Sun Jie be in front, Shi Quanbin on the left and Liu Ji on the right. Di Gong was in charge, followed by Yu Jing and Li ... Sun Jie relied on courage to compete with the terrain. Citizens clamored for the festival: Is this the right place? If you don't listen, you will die. Di Su Qi's voice exclaimed ... "(Song Xueshi Longtuge, Sun Weimin) Song Jun was once forced to retreat. However, the war situation quickly changed dramatically. When Song Jun's general Jia Kui led his troops from the back of the mountain to the highlands, he broke the ranks of the peasant army and divided it into two parts. At this time, Di Qing took advantage of the situation and rushed the cavalry to attack the peasant army together, killing more than 5,000 people, capturing Huang Shimi, Nong Zhizhong (the younger brother) and other agricultural generals 157 people, and completely defeating the peasant army. One of the reasons for the failure of the agricultural army is that the agricultural army was wrongly deployed in Guirenpu, an open terrain, which was more beneficial to the enemy cavalry than to its own infantry. This uprising is of great significance. Agricultural Gao Zhibing retreated back to Tancheng, while Di Qing's army pursued the north of the city, and set up a base camp in the present Nanning People's Park, which matched the gate of Da Nan Guo. I was suddenly outnumbered, so I had to burn down the barracks on the 18th day of the first month of the fifth year of the Song Dynasty (1053), that is, less than 10 months after I was promoted to righteousness, give up the eternal life of the Imperial Capital, and flee back to Guangyuan, and then come to Dali (now Dali Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province) where he died two years later (see the so-called uprising of Zhuang Shounong against the Song Dynasty, which is undoubtedly a struggle). Although it was supported by some people along the way, many poems and folk stories that are still circulating in Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou are evidence. The so-called ungrateful uprising ended in failure. However, after the Song Dynasty's anti-agricultural thief, Zhao Zhen changed its ethnic policy towards Guangyuan and other border areas based on benevolence and righteousness, and established a new Tuzhou, which alleviated ethnic contradictions to some extent. On the other hand, the Song Dynasty's policy towards the new rulers of Jiaozhi country (now northern Vietnam) remained unchanged. As a result, the country's ambition to invade China is growing. Finally, 107 19 years later, 1 year, the toe-crossing countries invaded Guangxi on a large scale and slaughtered thousands of people in Tancheng. From Nanning Daily June 2005 17 Nong Gaozhi is a controversial historical figure. Does Nong Kochi belong to China or Viet Nam? Hero or thief? There is a lot of controversy in academic circles. The opposition of views just reflects the difference between historical view and historical text expression. The logic of thinking that Nong Kochi belongs to Vietnam is that Nong Kochi is from Guangyuan and Guangyuan Prefecture is Guangyuan County in Vietnam today, so Nong Kochi belongs to Vietnam. Its logical reasoning is clear. However, historical problems cannot be solved by logical reasoning alone, and historical facts should be fully considered. Tan Qixiang once criticized this attitude of doing research regardless of historical facts: "Today, this anti-historical view of discussing historical methods is still popular in some fields. This is the case, for example, when it comes to historical events about territories and nationalities. Today, all the places in China have been part of the Central Plains Dynasty in China since ancient times. On the contrary, in all parts of neighboring countries today, it is not allowed to mention counties and counties that have been in history for hundreds or thousands of years, and the relationship between the mainland and the border region at that time is stubbornly described as international relations. " Is Nong Gaozhi a national hero or a thief against historical progress? It is considered that agriculture is a thief who opposes historical progress, and it is more based on the unfair position that agriculture fights the rich Jiangnan rather than bullying predators. Today, when we describe the history of China, we emphasize that China is a unified multi-ethnic country. However, the expression of "multi-ethnic" is often ignored because it emphasizes "unity", especially the southern ethnic minorities are basically completely included in the narrative scope of "unity" and have not received due attention. Therefore, when Nong Gaozhi is challenged as a national hero, he faces the strong controversy and resistance he deserves. Songtsan Gampo (a Tibetan who was friendly to the Tang Dynasty), Genghis Khan (a murderer universally recognized) and Nurhachi (who killed all the Han people in Northeast China) are all said to be the so-called "heroes of the Chinese nation". Only in the Land Rover-controlled Ministry of Culture, Radio, Film and Television, can there be no criticism, because they all maintain the so-called "unification". The historical position of Zhuang farmers' intellectual ability is controversial. How to balance the expression of "unity" and "multi-ethnicity" in historical texts? The key is to fully affirm the positive role of the local experience of ethnic minorities in the interactive development of multi-ethnic groups in the development of a unified country. In this way, other Zhuang people should not be too controversial, but should be evaluated fairly and objectively from historical facts. As the leader of the Zhuang nationality, Nong led the Zhuang nationality and other ethnic people to resist the looting and harassment of Jiaodi country and tried to safeguard the interests of working people, but it did not play an active role in promoting national integration with Jiaodi country. Therefore, Nong is a capable Zhuang leader, but he is not a hero of the Chinese nation.