It is an annual dicotyledonous weed. In Xining area, the whole growth period is about 105 days. The emergence period is 76 days, and the peak period is around mid-April, accounting for more than 79% of the total emergence. The optimum germination depth is 1.0-3.0 cm. The flowering period is 50 days, and the fruiting period is 35 days. The average seed yield per plant is 3000. The seeds have dormancy habit, and the germination rate is 2.2% after being buried outdoors for 30 days. Harm of competition between wild mustard and wheat.
Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Wild Mustard Latin Scientific Name: Radish Boundary: Plant Gate: Angiosperms: Dicotyledonous Subclass: Echinopoda: Cruciferae Species: Introduction, Origin, Habitat, Morphological Characteristics, Growth Regularity, Harm and Prevention Techniques of Wild Mustard, commonly known as Huanggai, also known as wild rape, harms crops such as wheat, rye, rape, broad beans and peas. It is an important weed in farmland in Qinghai, and people call it one of the four "weeds". Origin and Habitat Wild mustard is native to Asia (also referred to as the Mediterranean, but it has been brought to all parts of the world). However, due to its highly invasive characteristics, this plant is currently spreading in Australia, and is often found on roadsides or other wasteland, and is listed as a weed species to be eliminated by the local government. This plant is also native to the southeastern United States. It is usually light yellow in color and sometimes spreads all over the fields in winter. Morphological characteristics of annual or biennial herbs; The taproot is thick and straight with many fibrous roots. Stems erect, 15-90 cm tall, stout, multi-branched, grayish white, fluffy downward. The leaves are elliptic-ovoid or elliptic-lanceolate, 2-6 cm long and 0.8-2.5 cm wide, with blunt or acute apex, rounded or wedge-shaped base, rounded, toothed or serrated edges, which are herbaceous, with sparse bristles at the top and short hairs at the bottom, and the rest scattered in yellow-brown glandular points; Petiole is 4- 15 mm long, concave and convex, densely pubescent. Inflorescence 6-flowered, mostly, densely forming racemes or raceme panicles at the top of stems and branches, the inflorescence length is 10-25 cm, and it is prolonged when bearing fruit; Bracts lanceolate, longer or shorter than calyx; Tapering at the top, tapering at the base, entire, puberulent on both sides, dense at the lower part, and ciliate at the edge; Pedicel ca. 1 mm, densely puberulent with inflorescence axis. The calyx is bell-shaped, about 2.7 mm long, with external puberulent and scattered yellow-brown glandular spots, and the internal throat is puberulent, with two lips, and the cleft lip is about 1/3 of the length of the calyx. The upper lip is full, with three small tips at the top, and the lower lip is deeply divided into two teeth, which are triangular and sharp. Corolla is reddish, lavender, purple, blue-purple to blue, thin white, 4.5 mm long, hairless outside the crown tube, hairy ring in the middle of the inner surface, lip-shaped, upper lip about 1.8 mm long, width about 1 mm, slightly concave at the apex, densely puberulent on the outer surface, folded on both sides, and lower lip about 65438. 2 fertile stamens, inserted at the base of the lower lip, slightly protruding from the corolla, filament length 1.5mm, connective length 1.5mm, curved into an arc, the upper arm is equal to the lower arm, the upper arm has a drug chamber, and the two lower arms are sterile and swollen, which are combined with each other. Style and corolla are equal in length, apex is unequal in length, and front lobe is longer. The front of the disk is slightly convex. Nutlets are obovoid, 0.4 mm in diameter, and dry and smooth when mature. The flowering period is April-May and the fruiting period is June-July. Growth Regularity Wild Chinese mustard seedlings began to emerge in early April (the average temperature at 15cm was 5. 1℃ and the average ground temperature was 8.4℃) and ended in late June (the average temperature at 15cm 18.5℃), as shown in Figure 65438. The peak period is in mid-April, accounting for more than 79.0% of the total number of seedlings. At the beginning of May, the field was watered with budding water, and a small peak appeared in mid-May, accounting for 158% of the total number of seedlings. The harm of wild mustard and its control techniques not only harm wheat, but also barley, rape, potato, broad bean and pea. The investigation showed that the yield losses of wild mustard on these crops were 42%, 34%, 43%, 29% and 17% respectively. However, the harm of wild mustard to the above crops has not been thoroughly studied and needs further discussion. Chemical control of wild mustard during the period of 1986- 1993, several herbicides and their compound agents were: 2.4-D butyl EC, paraquat, superstar, bromobenzoin, thiophanate-methyl, sulfuron-methyl and chlorfluazuron. The stem and leaf were sprayed with the above formula, and the experimental results in different periods showed that wild mustard was very sensitive to the selected chemicals, and the control effect was over 90%, which had good control effect. The visual effect is also above 98, which is safe for wheat seedlings and increases the yield of wheat by more than 20%.