Mount Stellenbosch (located on Fengshen Island in Sicily, Italy) erupts frequently, erupting 2-3 times every hour on time, lasting for more than 2,000 years, and has been called "the lighthouse of the Mediterranean" since ancient times. )
Mount St. hellens (located in Washington, USA) was covered with snow before the eruption of 1980, and was called "Mount Fuji in America". )
Mount Rainier (the highest volcano in the United States, covered with ice and snow all year round) is a famous tourist attraction in the United States. Located in Washington state. )
Mayon volcano (located about 300 kilometers southeast of Manila, the capital of the Philippines) is the highest active volcano in the Philippines. )
Mount Etna (located in Sicily, Italy) is a famous active volcano with more than 200 eruption records. )
Cordobashi volcano (Ecuador, 5897 meters above sea level, is the highest active volcano in the world. )
Biarrica volcano (located in Lake Biarrica, Pucon Town, Chile, it is wrapped in silver and has beautiful scenery. )
Santolin Volcano (located on santorini Island in the Greek Aegean Sea. There were three small-scale eruptions in the 20th century. There was a very violent eruption about 1645 BC. )
Iceland Volcano Eruption Iceland's volcanic eruption seems to have no signs of stopping, but it turns out that the dust column produced by the volcano is very dangerous. not at all
Volcano eruption of Eyjafjallajokull ice sheet in Iceland (5 photos)
There is no doubt that the volcanic ash from Iceland volcano is still increasing. No flying, spewing dust and harmful emissions are all negative consequences that the world needs to bear. There have been volcanic eruptions of this scale before, and the serious consequences are enough to shake human civilization. Here are the top ten volcanic eruptions. The dust cloud generated by the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull volcano rose to a height of 5,000 feet (1.52 km) above the glacier. From a distance, you can see that smoke is drifting south, flooding the sky in England and parts of Europe, causing traffic chaos. Many flights on the European continent were forced to cancel. Geologists say that the activity of this volcano is intensifying, and the volcanic ash will lead to the failure of aircraft engines.
La Garita Crater is a large crater in the San Juan Volcano area of the San Juan Mountains in southwest Colorado, USA, located in the west of Lagarie Tower in Colorado. It erupted 28 million years ago, probably the largest volcanic eruption in the history of the earth. It spewed out more than 65,438+0,200 cubic miles (500 billion cubic meters) of volcanic lava, leaving these beautiful landscapes composed of volcanic ash.
The biggest volcanic eruption in the 20th century took place in 19 12, which lasted from June 6th to June 8th and finally took shape.
Volcanic eruption in Iceland
Chengnova Lapda volcano. Volcanic explosivity index is 6, which produces more alaska peninsula components than all other Alaska volcanic eruptions in history. In the Selikov Strait of Kodiak Island, volcanic ash has been falling from the sky for three consecutive days, and the volcanic ash accumulated on the ground of major towns is as thick as 1 foot (30.48 cm). This volcanic eruption was so violent that the top of Mount Katmai, 6 miles (9.66 kilometers) away from it, collapsed.
The eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia
The eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia
The eruption of Tambora volcano in Indonesia is the largest volcanic eruption in the past two centuries. This eruption lasted from1815 April 10 to1,and the eruption index reached 7. It is said that the deadliest volcano killed nearly 92,000 people. Volcanic eruptions and the volcanic ash they produce have caused the global temperature to drop by more than 5 degrees Fahrenheit (about 2.8 degrees Celsius). 18 16 can't be planted normally, and this year is also called "no summer year".
Krakatoa Volcano Eruption1883 On August 27th, Krakatoa Volcano erupted, and its deafening sound could be heard as far away as about 2,000 miles (32 18.69 kilometers) in Australia. This large-scale outbreak with an outbreak index of 6 triggered a series of tsunamis as high as 150 feet (45.72 meters), which spread to the Hawaiian Islands and South America, killing more than 36,000 people. It produced 5 cubic miles of dust, and for two days, the interior and surrounding areas were plunged into darkness. This is the most striking sunset the world has seen for many years.
Mount Pinatubo erupted.
Mount Pinatubo erupted.
Mount Pinatubo erupted at 199 1, with an eruption index of 6. It is said that its eruption scale was the second in the 20th century, which caused about 800 deaths. The volcano is located at the junction of Bambanya, Thales and Dala provinces in the Philippine Islands. At the same time, tropical storms also promote the spread of volcanic lava. Results The global temperature dropped for three consecutive years, and ozone consumption temporarily increased.
Kilauea volcano erupts Kilauea volcano is an active volcano on the Hawaiian islands and one of the five shield volcanoes that make up the island of Hawaii. The volcano erupted from 1983 and has continued to this day. You will be surprised to see lava flow into the Pacific Ocean. In order to see the spectacular scene of volcanic eruption at sunset, a large number of tourists took the trouble to come here
Mount St. hellens erupted.
Mount St. hellens erupted.
Mount St. hellens is an active volcano, located in Scarmeni County, Washington, in the Pacific northwest of the United States, and is a part of the Cascade Mountains. It was dormant for about 100 years, and then broke out in 1980. The fiery volcanic ash rose to a height of about 80,000 feet (24.38 kilometers), causing the top of the mountain to drop by about 1.400 feet (426.72 meters), causing 57 deaths and economic losses as high as $3 billion.
Santa Maria volcano erupts Santa Maria volcano is a large active volcano, located in the western highland province of Guatemala, near Quetzaltenango province. The first recorded eruption of Santa Maria volcano occurred in June 65438 +0902 +65438 10. The eruption index of this volcanic eruption was 6, and the volcanic ash produced by it spread all the way to San Francisco. 1902 The crater generated by the volcanic eruption makes the south side of this volcano in the holy land of Agudo very steep. Every earthquake or volcanic eruption in the holy land of Agudo will cause a large-scale landslide, covering as much as 65,438+000 square kilometers of land in Fiona Fang.
Mount Pere erupts Mount Pere is an active volcano located in Martinique, an overseas dependency of France, located in the arc of the Caribbean island. It is one of the deadliest layered volcanoes in the world. 1902 The volcanic eruption on May 8th killed 29,000 people and destroyed the port city of Fort St. peary about 4 miles (6.44 kilometers) away. Fast-flowing hot air and dense liquefied volcanic particles have caused great damage wherever they go.
Seven active volcanoes in the world
Kilauea volcano is located in the southeast of Hawaii Island, USA. Kilauea volcano is a very active volcano in the world, and it still erupts frequently. There is a huge crater at the top of the mountain, with a diameter of 4027 meters and a depth of 130 meters, including many craters. The whole crater seems to be a big pot, covered with many small pots (crater). In the southwest corner of the crater, there is a crater churning with hot lava, with a diameter of about 1000 meters and a depth of about 400 meters. The lava in it sometimes sprays upward to form a fountain, and sometimes overflows the crater in the shape of a waterfall. The local aborigines call it "Hari Momo", which means "the house of eternal flames".
The world's largest magma lake once existed here for a long time, covering an area of 654.38+10,000 square meters. Red-hot magma is generally more than ten meters deep, rolling and screaming in the lake, like a boiling molten steel melting pot. At the edge of the lake, dark red orange peels are often produced, which are piled together like bundles of ropes. Sometimes the orange peel will be broken and then poured into the white-hot magma. From time to time, lava fountains several meters high appear on the lake, splashing colorful sparks. These thrilling scenes can be called the wonders of nature.
When Kilauea volcano erupted in 1960, lava flows washed down from a height and poured into the sea, filling up a new land of about 2 square kilometers by the sea. On July 29, 2002, the rolling magma spewed out from Kilauea volcano and flowed into the sea, where water and fire blended to form a spectacular scene. On August 17, 2002, the fiery red magma from the volcano rolled to the sea like a lava fire dragon.
For more than 20 years, a large amount of magma continuously gushed from Kilauea volcano has formed several new black beaches in the southeast of Hawaii Island and expanded the area of the island.
Laki volcano
Volcanic cracks and mountains in southern Iceland are close to the southwest end of Vatnajokull, Iceland's largest ice sheet. Laki Mountain is the only remarkable topographic feature formed during the eruption of volcanic cracks, and it is now called Lakagigar. The fault runs northeast-southwest and is cut into almost equal parts by Laki Mountain. Mount Laki is 8 18 meters (2,684 feet) above sea level, which is 200 meters (650 feet) higher than the nearby area. Laki Mountain has not been completely opened by cracks. There are only a few tiny craters on the hillside, and a small amount of magma flows out from the cracks.
The volcanic eruption began on June 8 1783, and on July 29, only the cracks in the southwest of Laki Mountain were still active. On the same day, the cracks in the northeast began to erupt, and the subsequent eruptions were almost all on this side of the cracks. This eruption lasted until the beginning of February, 1784, which is considered as the largest lava eruption on earth. It is generally believed that the amount of magma eruption is about 12.3 cubic kilometers (2.95 cubic miles), covering an area of about 565 square kilometers (220 square miles).
A large number of volcanic gases have caused smog over most parts of the European continent, and even spread to Syria, Altai Mountain in western Siberia and North Africa. A large amount of sulfur-containing gas released hindered the growth of crops and vegetation in Iceland, resulting in the death of most livestock. The famine caused by smog eventually led to the death of residents in Iceland 1/5.
Mauna Loa volcano is located in hawaii volcanoes national park (built at 19 16), and it is one of the largest isolated mountain ranges in the world. 4 169 m (13678 ft) above sea level. Its dome is 120 km (75 miles) long and 103 km (64 miles) wide, and the lava flows through an area of 5 120 square km (2000 square miles). Moku Arbeo Weeo crater covers an area of about 65,438+00 square kilometers (4 square miles) and has a depth of 65,438+052 ~ 65,438+083 meters (500 ~ 600 feet). The top of the mountain is often covered with snow and ice in winter.
From 1832, it broke out every three and a half years on average. Most of the ejecta are confined to the Arbbeoveo crater in Moku, and the rest flow downward along the northeast or southwest fault zone. In the explosion of 1935, American planes dropped bombs on the lava flow path that threatened Shiloh city. 1In June, 950, a 23-day-long magma flowed down a 2 1 km (13 mile) southwest fissure, destroying a small village. 1975 and 1984, there was a big explosion at the top of the mountain.
Mauna Loa is an active volcano that has erupted about 35 times in the past 200 years. Up to now, there are still several pot-shaped craters and large craters with a width of 2700 meters on the top of the mountain. 1959165438+1October, Mauna Loa volcano erupted again. At that time, the boiling lava emerged from a gap of one and a half kilometers, which lasted for a month, and the highest height of the lava ejected exceeded the Empire State Building in new york. 1In March, 984, Mauna Loa volcano erupted again, attracting tourists from all over the world.
Vesuvius is one of the most famous volcanoes in the world, located on the bank of Naples in Campania Plain. /kloc-0 was formed after eruption in 944. More than 2 million people live in Mount Vesuvius and lower slopes. There are industrial towns along the coast of Naples Bay, and a small agricultural center in the north of the foothills.
After centuries of calm, a series of earthquakes occurred, which lasted for six months and gradually increased in intensity. The eruption occurred in 163 1 year 65438+February 16. Many villages on the hillside were destroyed and about 3000 people died. The lava flowed to the seaside, and it was dark for several days. After 163 1 year, the characteristics of volcanic eruption changed and volcanic activity continued. It can be observed that volcanic activity can be divided into two periods: static period and eruption period. At rest, the crater is closed, while at eruption, it is almost always open.
The foothills are covered with vineyards and orchards, and the wine produced here is called Lacrima Christi. In ancient Pompeii, there were many words "aniline brown" on the jar. The mountain is covered with a mixed forest of oak and chestnut. The forest on the northern slope extends along the slope of SOMA to the top of the mountain. Chestnut bushes grow on the west side, above 600 meters (2,000 feet) above sea level is a rugged plateau, full of broom plants. The crater left by the big bang in 79 AD has been filled in. Further up, the slope of the great volcanic cone and the inner slope of Xiangshan Mountain are almost barren, and clusters of grassland plants grow during the dormant period of the volcano.
Mount Vesuvius erupted from time to time during 6.5438+0.2 million years, and the crater was always filled with rising smoke, giving off enough heat to ignite a piece of paper. Orchards and vineyards are everywhere at the foot of the mountain, but the hillside on the volcano is desolate and sinister. In the 20th century, Mount Vesuvius had six large-scale eruptions.
The most famous eruption of Mount Vesuvius occurred in 79 AD, when Herculaneum and Pompeii were destroyed. The volcano spewed black smoke, hot volcanic rocks rained down and toxic gases poured into the air. Only a quarter of Pompeii's residents survived, and the rest were either buried by volcanic ash, suffocated by smoke or crushed to death by collapsed buildings.
Mount St. hellens is located in the north of Cascade Mountain, Washington, in the northwestern United States. It is 2950m above sea level (1983). After dormant for 123 years, it suddenly revived on1March 27, 980, and erupted most violently in May 18. The smoke cloud rushed to an altitude of 20,000 meters, and the volcanic ash spread to 4,000 kilometers with the airflow, and it was also 1.8 cm thick when it dispersed 800 kilometers away from the volcano. Rivers near the volcano were blocked and diverted, and many roads were buried. Lava flow caused forest fires, and life disappeared within dozens of kilometers around. Due to the massive melting of snow and ice in mountainous areas, a rapid jet stream is formed, and a large amount of water vapor in the updraft condenses at high altitude, causing heavy rain, which makes the washed volcanic ash form mud flow and pour down from the mountain, seriously damaging farmland, forests and all facilities along the way. After the eruption of the volcano, the terrain nearby has changed significantly. The top of the original volcanic cone collapsed, forming a new crater with a length of 3 kilometers, a width of 1.5 kilometers and a depth of125m. The volcanic eruption caused more than 60 deaths, and 390 square kilometers of land became barren, with huge losses. This is one of the biggest volcanic eruptions on earth in American history and since the 20th century. Today, it is still active.
Before the eruption of 1980 volcano, Mount St. hellens was very similar to Mount Fuji in Japan because of its symmetrical shape and snow cover, and was called "Mount Fuji in the United States", which attracted many tourists. The eruption of 1980 indicates that the volcano wakes up again after sleeping 1857 and 123. Unexpected changes have taken place since then.
Due to the long-term seismic activity and steam eruption before the volcanic eruption, the volcanic emergency work was proper and a good prediction was made. The eruption of Mount St. hellens did not cause more casualties. The dormant period of Mount St. hellens is much longer than the active period. The experience of San hellens volcano eruption tells us that we should not treat this seemingly dead active volcano lightly.
Mount Etna is an active volcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy. Its name comes from the Greek Atine(aithn, meaning "I burned"). It is the highest active volcano in Europe. Above 3,200 meters (65,438+00,000 feet) above sea level, like other active volcanoes, its height varies from time to time. For example, 65,438+0865 is 52 meters (65,438+070 feet) higher than that at the end of the 20th century. The area is 1, 600 square kilometers (600 square miles). The perimeter of the pedestal is about150km (93 miles). Mount Etna is above the brightly lit city of Catania, Italy. It keeps spraying flames into the air, while lava overflows from its wings like a river. Although it looks dizzy, Mount Etna is relatively safe, because the eruption of this mountain fire is very rare and compact, and the lava flows slowly, thus giving people a chance to escape.
The highest active volcano in Europe. The most violent eruption was 1669, which lasted for 4 months and the lava was about 780 million cubic meters. The damage was very serious, and 20 thousand people were killed in Catania and other nearby cities. 1March 7 198 1 was the most violent eruption in recent decades, burying dozens of hectares of forests and many vineyards and destroying hundreds of houses. Distribution of vegetation on hillside: the lowest zone, covered with fruit tree plantations; Intermediate belt, beech, oak and pine; The highest zone has sparse shrubs and algae. There is a monument on the mountain to commemorate the climbing of the Roman emperor.
Sangay Volcano Sangay National Park is located at the junction of Morona-Santiago, ChinBoraso and Tungurahua provinces in central Ecuador. Located near the equator, it covers an area of 2720 square kilometers. There are three world-famous volcanoes here, which are the longest active volcanoes in the world. At an altitude of 54 10 meters, the top of Sangai volcano is snowy and extremely steep. The elevation difference of nearly 4000 meters from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain makes it a unique scenery in Ecuador. Because the whole park is located near the equator, with abundant sunshine and different altitudes, it presents different ecological scenes and lives with many rare animals and plants.
Trees growing in tropical rain forests are as tall as 30 ~ 40 meters, tall and straight. The extremely fertile land accumulated by volcanic ash makes the plants here flourish. In addition to hard woody plants, there are mosses, lichens, round bulbs and cockscomb leaves of compositae.