The Book of Songs Daya Daming records: "Konoha is magnificent, Tan Che is magnificent, and Pumbaa is wonderful. When you are a teacher, you are still a father. Cool the prince of Wu and cut down the big business, and you will understand. " The preface to the biographies of Historical Records Taishigong records: "Mu Ye, the king of Wu, really cares about the world."
Basic Introduction Name: Mu Ye Battle Location: Mu Ye (now south of Qixian County and north of Weihe River) Time: There are different opinions. From 1 130 to1kloc-0/8, there are participants: Zhou Lianjun: Zhou, Yong, Lu, Peng, Pu, Shu and Qiang. The forces of warring parties destroyed by the Shang Dynasty: 45,000 allied forces in the Zhou Dynasty, and about17,000 casualties in the Shang Dynasty: it is estimated that there were about 20,000 casualties in modern times. Main commanders: Zhou Wuwang, Lu Shang, Di Xin, background, preparation, process, Jin Meng meeting, pastoral oath, Konoha decisive battle, result, evaluation and chronological research. The background of Shang Dynasty was established in the summer of Shang Tang and passed down to 3 1 day after more than 600 years. According to Records of Historical Records and Yin Benji, Di Xin "argued quickly and listened very sensitively; Material strength is extraordinary, and hands are beasts; Satisfied people are enough to refuse to remonstrate, words are enough to decorate, people and ministers are able to praise, and the world is high, thinking that they are all under themselves, but "good wine and lewd music are won by women." "Political god spent huge sums of money to build Lutai and Rectangular Bridge, and built meat forest in the wine pool, leaving the national treasury empty. The beloved princess da ji, his concubines, Elei and other courtiers killed the court ministers in vain and imprisoned Ji Zi, which led the princes and ministers to rebel in succession. Xin, a military god, devoted himself to the struggle with the Yi people in the southeast of China. Although the victory of the war captured "one trillion (one million) barbarians" and Di Xin was also called "hundred grams (invincible)", the main force of the Shang army made an expedition to Dongyi, which led to the emptiness of Shang Song (now Qixian) and no soldiers to defend. Tuzhou, the battlefield of Makino War, was originally an ancient tribe in the middle reaches of Weihe River. It lives in some areas in central Shaanxi today, and gradually develops with the superior natural environment. When I arrived in Jichang, I reused a number of worthy ministers such as Lu Shang, Sanyisheng, Taidian, Yao Hong and Nangong Stone, and my national strength gradually increased. Publicize moral education to foreign Ji Chang, actively mediate disputes between countries, and make vassals attach themselves to it. Ji Chang took the opportunity to engage in United front, and countries were also suspected and restrained by the king because they wanted suppliers to attack a large number of troops and materials in Dongyi, which was already very miserable. Of course, they are also willing to move closer to "Xibo". According to "Historical Records", "The world is divided into three points and two weeks, and the squire is resourceful". Ji Chang and his aides began to grasp ideology again, which laid the ideological foundation for the great cause of destroying commerce. Shang Zhouwang claimed that his kingship came from "destiny", Zhou people said that "destiny is impermanent, supplemented by virtue", and that Shang Zhouwang had no virtue and Xibo had virtue, so destiny was transferred to Ji Chang. BC 1056, Ji Chang was the king in China, that is, Zhou Wenwang. On the other hand, King Wen still paid tribute to Shang Dynasty carefully and diligently, and even offered sacrifices to the former king of Shang Dynasty in his ancestral temple (unearthed in Joo Won? and related Oracle Bone Inscriptions) to paralyze Di Xin's eyes and ears. It is said that King Wen wrote the Book of Changes when he was in prison. He naturally knows how to keep pace with the times and how to grasp the best time to send troops. BC 1055, strategically deployed Zhou Wenwang and Ji Chang sent troops to attack the dog army. The following year, it also cracked down on the secret of invading neighboring countries and relieved the worries of loggers. BC 1053, Ji Chang sent troops to attack Lebanon (southwest of Changzhi City, Shanxi Province); BC 1052, attack straight (now Qinyang City); In BC 105 1 year, he captured the land of Shang Zhouwang's favourite, Houhu. After the victory of these three wars, Zhou cut off the connection between Shang Dynasty and western vassal states. In the same year, Ji Chang moved his capital to Yufeng (now the southwest corner of Xi City, Shaanxi Province), which made the capital less vulnerable to invasion by Rong Di and more conducive to eastward advancement. At this point, the strategic deployment of Jichang loggers has been basically completed. During the Jin Meng League, Ji Chang of Zhou Wenwang died in 65438 BC+0050 BC, and Prince Ji Fa succeeded to the throne, namely Zhou Wuwang and King Wu, to show that he still inherited the fate of King Wen and continued to take advantage of the temporary eastward expansion of Shang Dynasty. BC 1048, two years before the Battle of Makino, Zhou Wuwang observed soldiers in Jin Meng (now Mengjin County). In Historical Records, it is said that "eight hundred princes joined Tianjin unexpectedly", but it is not "meeting unexpectedly". According to Oracle Bone Inscriptions's records, many countries in Guanzhong and Jianghan participated in the invasion, but I'm afraid there are not as many as 800 vassals. Judging from the situation of Mu Ye War, it is basically a Qiang and Rong country in the southwest. During the fierce civil strife in Shang Dynasty, he commanded the allied forces to attack Zhou Wuwang, Shang Zhouwang. Di Xin killed his uncle Beagan and imprisoned another uncle, Ji Zi. Other nobles involved, such as Cabbage, sized up the situation and defected to Zhou Guo. King Wu undoubtedly got a lot of confidential information about Chao Ge from the nobles of the Shang Dynasty. When the time was ripe, King Wu decided to send troops to attack the merchants, and at the same time informed the allies in Jin Meng to send troops with the allies. The strategic plan for attacking the Shang Dynasty is: while the main force of the Shang Dynasty is stranded in the southeast, the elite troops will go deep into Ji Wang with lightning speed, defeat the defenders, capture the Shang Dynasty in one fell swoop, occupy the political center of the Shang Dynasty, disintegrate the Shang regime, and make the remaining Shang Dynasty and its subordinate countries leaderless, and then break them one by one. There is a description in the Book of Songs Daming, which is called "attacking (attacking) the big business" or "attacking (attacking) the big business quickly", which is quite similar to the "blitzkrieg" of the German army in World War II. Pastoral oath 65438 BC+0046 BC 65438 BC+10/October 26th (both history books and Li Chan inscriptions are called "Jiazi Day", but the year is unknown. This entry adopts the viewpoint of "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Dating Project"). Zhou Wuwang led 300 chariots, 3,000 warriors (elite soldiers) and tens of thousands of infantry to send troops to the East. On February 2 1 of the same year, Zhou Jun arrived and joined forces with Yong, Lu, Peng, Pu, Shu, Qiang, Wei and Xun. The total number of allied troops reached 45,000, and many monarchs of the countries came in person. On February 26, it rained before the deployment of the Coalition forces. It is said that the allied forces have "six divisions". Military historians speculate that there are about 300 chariots, and 3,000 warriors are an "armored division" and the first echelon. The remaining 40,000 people are divided into five "divisions", and a phalanx is formed behind them, which is the second echelon. Subsequently, the allied forces continued eastward in the rain, crossing the Yellow River from Xidi (now Sishui Town, Xingyang City), then from journey to the south to Baiquan (now northwest of Huixian County) and turning eastward. In the early morning of 27th, on the pasture, Zhou Wuwang solemnly swore: "As the saying goes, a hen is unlucky in the morning. Now Zhou Wang only listens to women's words, and even the ancestors' sacrifices have been abandoned. He didn't appoint his own royal brothers, but let the escaped slaves hold important positions, so that they could endanger the nobles and disrupt the business country. Today, I, Ji Fa, am executing God's punishment! ..... Soldiers, work hard! " The morale of Zhou Jun's soldiers was greatly boosted, which is the "pastoral oath" recorded in Shangshu. At dawn on the 28th, the Allies entered Konoha. The Book of Songs records: "Konoha is magnificent, Tanche is magnificent, and Pumbaa loves it. When you are a teacher, you are still a father. Cool the prince of Wu and cut down the big business, and you will understand. " . Konoha decisive battle in Chao Ge, the first batch of emergency military intelligence front foot just arrived, followed by coalition forces, really caught off guard. There are not enough elite soldiers in Chao Ge to break the enemy, and there are no chariots available. It is difficult to compete with the chariot array with strong impact only by infantry, what's more, the morale of Zhou Jun is sharp. Di Xin was shocked to hear that he was coming, so he had to quickly arm a large number of slaves and prisoners of war, together with the troops guarding the capital, to fight in Konoha. According to Historical Records, the total number of troops sent by Di Xin was 700,000, while other documents recorded it as170,000. "The Book of Songs Daming" says: "A trip to the Shang Dynasty must be like a forest." "Yi Zhou Shu Yin Ke" records that Zhou Jun led hundreds of elite soldiers to challenge, deter the Shang army and disrupt the formation, and then Zhou Wuwang personally led the main force to follow up and kill, completely disrupting the formation of the other side. Slaves and prisoners of war in the commercial army were completely demoralized and defected. As Di Xin forced these slaves and prisoners of war to go to war, they would naturally be escorted by cronies in the rear to prevent them from rebelling or fleeing. These loyal guards are also the last card in Di Xin's hand. However, under the strong impact of Zhou Jun, the disciples in front ran back desperately and were stopped by the elite soldiers in the rear. Men don't have many enemies, and these warriors are unstable under the impact of the crowd. In order to escape, they were pushed by the crowd behind them, and the slaves turned against each other and killed at random. Coupled with the attacks of chariots, troops and infantry behind the Coalition forces, Di Xin's last front could not be held, so it had to work harder to escape from the battlefield. The residual resistance of the Shang army lasted for a day, but it was unable to save the situation. When Di Xin saw the tide ebbing, he returned to Chao Ge and boarded the Lutai. "He wore pearls and emeralds, and he died in a fire." The Shang Dynasty officially perished. When Zhou Wuwang arrived at Lutai, he stabbed Di Xin's body with "Guanglu" and personally cut off his head and hung a flag. In addition, more than 100 Shang ministers and nobles were captured. They will be taken back to Zhou Jing, where they will be killed as the ancestors of King Wu. As a result, the next day, surrounded by several generals, a grand ceremony of "being ordered" was held in the Shang Palace, which indicated the success of the revolution. But the conquest of Yindu does not mean the end of the war. The more important task is to eliminate the remnants of the Shang Dynasty in the East. According to the plan in advance, the allies immediately divided into four roads and headed southeast to conquer the merchants' remnants and loyal countries. As the base area in the rear was lost and the front was surrounded by hostile foreigners, the rest of the commercial army was attacked from both sides. After fierce fighting, most of them were defeated. Historically, Zhou Jun killed the famous Shang Dynasty (that is, the legendary Huang of later generations), which means that the front line has been extended to the East China Sea. Allies from Rongdi carried out long-term slaughter and plunder. "Prisoner of Iraq" said: Zhou Wuwang won a great victory in the battle of Makino. As many as180,000 merchants were killed and 330,000 people were taken into slavery. So many people are not all soldiers, but also a large number of civilians. Zhou people also hunted on merchants' land. More than 10,000 animals such as tigers, bears, rhinoceroses and deer were killed in the name of the name, and a large number of jewels and property were looted. In less than two months, the main battlefield has ended. Mid-April. King Wu established a sacrificial room in Shangdu to defeat his ancestors. The location of the sacrificial room was chosen in Muye, which laid the foundation for the eight hundred years of the Zhou Dynasty. However, the battle of Makino did not completely destroy the Shang Dynasty. As a continuation of Shang Dynasty, part of the original territory of Shang Dynasty was established as the fief of Wu Geng, the son of Di Xin, and the army of Shang Dynasty was not completely destroyed. After Zhou Wuwang's death, Wu Geng, together with Guan Shu, Cai Shu and Huo Shu of Zhou, launched the "Three Prisons Rebellion", which was finally pacified by Zhou Gongdan and Zhou Chengwang, and the remnants of Shang Dynasty were completely eliminated. Evaluating the battle of Makino is a famous example in China's history, that is, winning the battle with less, winning the battle with weak, and taking the initiative. It is also a famous example of China in the early period of ancient car wars. The Shang Dynasty, which ended 600 years ago, established the rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty and opened the way for the all-round prosperity of the Western Zhou Dynasty's ritual and music civilization. The strategy and fighting art embodied in Makino War are also of great significance to the development of China's ancient military thought. As time went on, the battle of Makino was shrouded in layers of mystery. According to the records at that time, Di Xin was still a hero with serious defects. However, in later generations, "Zhou Wang" became a dissolute, cruel and reckless king, and was splashed with more and more sewage. Accordingly, the battle of Makino, a "bloody" battle of conquest, became a just war against tyranny because of the crime of hanging people. In the later Confucian legend, Zhou Jun "danced before the Song Dynasty", without killing a person or shedding a drop of blood, the Shang Dynasty collapsed on its own. With the support of the people, King Wu ascended the throne of the son of heaven, and since then, the sword has been put into storage, and the world is at peace. Of course, such a myth is still staged one after another in later generations, but it is not as successful as the Makino War. There are 44 different theories about the age of Mu Ye War, from 1 130 BC to10/8 BC. According to "Guoyu", "In the past, the king was in the quail fire, the moon was in the sky, the sun was in the wood, the morning was in bucket handle, and the stars were in the sky", which can be inferred as BC 1046 historian He Bingdi thought that the quail fire was Luoyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The Chronicle of Bamboo Records records that the battle of Makino took place in 1027 BC. "quotations from corpses" records: "when the king of Wu attacked Zhou, the fish believed in the sword and said,' I (Jupiter) will not travel north. "King Wu does not obey." "Xunzi Confucianism" said: "The king of Wu was punished, and the day of his trip was also a taboo for soldiers, welcoming Tai Sui to the East." "A Brief Training of Huainan Zibing" also records: "The King of Wu cut the sword and welcomed the new year in the east." According to the calculation, 65438 BC+0045 BC 65438 BC+February 3rd. "Li Chan" says: "The king of Wu seeks business, but Jia Zi is morning, old and faint, and young and has business." "Old people will faint" means that the old star and the dark star (Mercury) are located on both sides of Venus, and all three stars are legs. It can be inferred that the battle of Makino took place in 65438 BC+65050 BC. There is a saying in Huang Daozhou in the Ming Dynasty that the battle of Makino took place in BC 1053 (Wuzi era). Huang Zongxi's Textual Research on Jia Zi in Past Dynasties answers Zhu's Jia Zi Shu in Past Dynasties. It is recorded that the King of Wu occurred 1 122 years ago, and he had many disputes with Zhu. The Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Dating Project determined that the Battle of Makino took place in BC 1046. 199865438+On February 20th, at the release conference of Xia, Shang and Zhou dating projects, Jiang concluded that the battle of Makino took place on June 9th, BC 1044.