The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, referred to as Pakistan for short, means "holy land" and "Muslim country". More than 95% of the residents believe in Islam, which is a multi-ethnic Islamic country. Urdu is the national language. Pakistan is located in the northwest of the South Asian subcontinent, bordering the Arabian Sea in the south, India in the east, China in the northeast, Afghan in the northwest and Iranian in the west. The coastline is 980 kilometers long. The climate in the south is tropical and the rest is subtropical. Islamabad, the capital, and Karachi, the former capital, are the largest cities.