Shandong Confucian Tour Guide
As an outstanding tour guide, it is necessary to prepare detailed tour guides. The tour guide is actually a historical and historical description of tourist attractions. Cultural and aesthetic interpretation of style. So what does an excellent tour guide look like? The following are the tourist guide words of Confucius Mansion in Shandong that I collected. Welcome to read. I hope you will like it.
Shandong Confucius Mansion Guide Speech 1
Dear tourist friends, ladies and gentlemen, hello! Welcome to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius, and thank you for choosing me as your guide for this tour. I am Zhang, a tour guide from Qufu XX Travel Agency. You can call me Xiao Zhang or Director Zhang. Confucius has a famous saying: "It is a great pleasure to have friends come from far away." Now, with the joy of meeting new friends, I will provide you with tour guide services.
The Confucius Temple is a ritual temple dedicated to Confucius. Confucius was a famous thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period of my country, and was revered as the founder of Confucianism. According to records, Confucius was born with his head on the top of the polder, which resembled the shape of Niqiu Mountain, so he was named Qiu and given the courtesy name Zhongni.
In the social practice of arduous exploration throughout his life, Confucius gained an in-depth understanding of the society at that time, gradually established the basic system of Confucianism, and became a famous political theorist, educator, and thinker at that time. The Confucianism he founded has had a great influence on the history of China and the world. In the second year after Confucius's death (478 BC), Duke Ai of Lu changed the hall where Confucius lived during his lifetime into the "Shou Hall". There were three rooms in which the "clothes, crowns, musical instruments, carts, and books" used by Confucius were displayed. ", "Because it is a temple, sacrifices are made every year", that is, sacrifices are made on time every year. Although Confucius was already a well-known academic master at that time, Confucianism was still just a school of thought, and Confucius' status was not high, so the original Confucius Temple was only the former residence of Confucius. After the Han Dynasty, the status of Confucius and Confucianism gradually improved.
According to records, from 220 AD to before liberation, the Confucius Temple was renovated and expanded more than seventy times: after more than two thousand years of reconstruction and expansion in successive dynasties, the Confucius Temple in Qufu formed a large-scale ancient architectural complex. The temple covers an area of ??about 140,000 square meters, with 466 palaces and pavilions, 54 gates and 17 steles and pavilions. Its scale is so large that it is known as the three largest ancient building complexes in the country together with the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Chengde Summer Resort.
The overall layout of the Confucius Temple was developed over a long period of time from the former residence of Confucius, and it has a history of more than 2,400 years. The architectural effect pursued by the development of the Confucius Temple is to use the environment created by the entire building complex to highlight the great achievements of Confucius and the profoundness of Confucianism. Therefore, the artistic expression of the Confucius Temple architecture is first of all its overall layout and the integrity of the architectural sequence; secondly, the treatment of its individual buildings and the pattern of each courtyard. Each hall, hall, building, door, and pavilion are fully displayed. The third is the subtle aspects of individual buildings, which fully reflects the unparalleled architectural artistic achievements of ancient Chinese architects in design and construction. In terms of overall architecture, the Confucius Temple adopts the ancient traditional palace-style architectural form. However, it has been rebuilt and expanded many times in history. Whenever it was rebuilt and expanded, it was bound to be restricted by factors such as the architectural shape and scale of the previous Confucius Temple. However, the architectural group of the Confucius Temple finally successfully utilized the heritage of the previous generations, which not only reflected the The continuation of historical heritage while maintaining its overall integrity. This unique architectural form is caused by many factors. First of all, the Confucius Temple was expanded from the former residence of Confucius. It preserves many monuments related to Confucius, such as the well in the former residence, the Poetry Auditorium, Lubi, the Golden Silk Hall, and the Apricot Altar built to commemorate Confucius' lectures; secondly, the factor of the King's Ancestral Temple , such as the system of the door halberd, the system of the front hall and the back bedroom, etc.; the third is the palace factors, such as the emperor's five gate system, the king's turret system, the East and West China Gates, etc.; the fourth is the clan and family temple factors, such as the Qi Dynasty Temples, Chongsheng temples, family temples, etc.; the fifth is the sacrificial factor. In addition to Confucius, the four concubines, and the twelve philosophers, there are also more than 200 sages, Confucians, ancestors, etc. in the Confucius Temple. This is To accommodate a large number of worshipers, it was necessary to set up verandahs, thus forming veranda courtyards. In addition to the above factors, the saint status of Confucius and the sacredness of Confucius and Mencius are also prominently displayed, such as Panchi, Bishui, archway, etc., and the library symbolizes Confucius' great academic achievements. The Confucius Temple successfully uses the traditional courtyard combination and environmental contrasting techniques to achieve the purpose of highlighting Confucius's outstanding academic and educational contributions and his lofty status in ancient society. It is a unique building among ancient Chinese buildings. Shape.
There are more than 1,200 ancient trees in the Confucius Temple, which complement each other with the magnificent buildings. Especially in summer, thousands of herons live on the ancient trees, forming another unique feature of the Confucius Temple. Landscape, the egret has been designated as the city bird by Qufu City.
Wanren Palace Wall
"Wanren Palace Wall", formerly known as Yangsheng Gate, was the south gate of Qufu City in the Ming Dynasty. In the seventh year of Zhengde of Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1512), the Confucius Temple was destroyed by the peasant uprising army led by Liu Liu and Liu Qi. Emperor Zhengde ordered the construction of a city guard temple, so the city wall of Qufu in the Ming Dynasty was built with the Confucius Temple and Confucius Mansion as the center. Jiajing Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty It was completed in the first year (AD 1522). Set up the south gate of the city opposite the south gate of the Confucius Temple. Since the main south gate was built for the Confucius Temple, the main south gate and the Confucius Temple should be regarded as one.
In order to express his respect and praise for Confucius, Hu Zuanzong, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, wrote "Wanren Palace Wall" on the stone forehead and inlaid it on the door. The meaning comes from Zigong's words in "The Analects of Confucius". Uncle Sun Wu, a doctor of Lu, once said to the doctors: "Zigong's knowledge is very profound, even better than Confucius." After Zigong heard about it, he said to his uncle Sun Wu: "A person's knowledge is like a palace wall. A wall is less than shoulder height, so others can easily see how many things are inside. My teacher's wall is several feet high (ren: a unit of measurement, one foot is approximately eight feet). Others cannot see what is inside, only Only when you find the door and walk in can you see the majestic building inside the wall, but there are too few people who find the door!" Hu Zuanzong thought that the walls of the palace could not express his praise for Confucius, so he changed it to "Wanren Palace". wall". In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong came to Qufu. In order to show his admiration for Confucius, he replaced the stone forehead written by Hu Zuanzong and wrote the same four characters himself on the city gate. The stone forehead of the "Wanren Palace Wall" that we see now is the inscription written by Emperor Qianlong.
Jinsheng Yuzhenfang
Jinsheng Yuzhenfang was built in the 17th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1538 AD). The four characters "Jinsheng Yuzhen" were written by Hu Zuanzong, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty. There is a flat surface on the square. There are carved clouds and dragons playing with pearls, and there is a round sculpture on the top of each column to "ward off evil spirits", commonly known as "Roaring towards the sky". There is a single-hole stone bridge behind the square with a dragon on it, which is called "Panshui Bridge". The pool flows downstream through the west water gate of the south gate of Ming City and into the moat. This bridge was built in the 16th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1677 AD).
The four words "golden sound and jade vibration" come from "Mencius Ten Thousand Chapters Part II". Mencius said: "Confucius calls it a collection of great achievements. The collection of great achievements has the sound of gold and the vibration of jade. The sound of gold has the beginning of order. , The jade vibration is the ultimate order." This means that Confucius's collection of sages is always the same. The original meaning of "Jin Sheng" refers to the sound made by the ancient Chinese musical instrument "bell", and the original meaning of "Yuzhen" refers to the sound made by the ancient Chinese musical instrument "chime". In ancient times, when playing music, it started with hitting the "bell" and then hitting the "chime". In the end, the original meaning of Jin Sheng Yu Zhen is a perfect piece of music. Mencius compared Confucius' thought to a perfect piece of music. Here, borrowing Mencius's meaning, it means that Confucius' thought is perfect, integrating the achievements of ancient sages and sages to reach its peak.
Lingxing Gate
Lingxing Gate was built in the 13th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1415 AD). It was originally a wooden structure. In the 19th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1754 AD), it was When Kong Zhaohuan, the Duke of Yansheng, rebuilt the Confucius Temple, he replaced it with stone pillars and iron beams. The tops of the four stone pillars are the four heavenly generals, and the flat beam in the middle is a flame orb, symbolizing that this gate is guarded by the heavenly generals and has become a towering gate.
Lingxing, also known as the Tiantian star, was first seen in historical materials when Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty ordered sacrifices to the Lingxing. Anyone who offered sacrifices to heaven would sacrifice the Lingxing first. The ancients believed that the Lingxing "celebrated the celebration of winning a scholar" and was dedicated to managing officials. star. In the sixth year of Tiansheng's reign (AD 1028), Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty built a Lingxing Gate on the outer wall of the suburban platform. That is, a Lingxing Gate was placed on the outer wall of the platform for worshiping heaven. It was shaped like a window lattice, so it was called "Ling". The Confucius Temple has a Lingxing Gate, which means that worshiping Confucius is like worshiping heaven. This is recorded in the "Jingding Jiankang Chronicles" and "Jinling New Chronicles" of the Song Dynasty. In addition, there is an inscription in the Confucius Temple: the Lingxing Gate was set up "with the meaning of dredging, to accommodate the world's nobles." No matter where there is a Lingxing Gate, its door leaves must be made of lattice structures, so there is dredging. The Confucius Temple took this meaning to attract literati and scholars from all over the world to come and study here.
On the east and west sides of Lingxing Gate, there is a dismounting stele on each side, with the inscription "Officials are waiting to dismount here." In the feudal society, all officials who came to Qufu to worship Confucius, regardless of their position, came to the Confucius Temple. When seeing this stele in front of you, the civil servants must get off their sedan chairs and the military attachés must dismount their horses to show their respect for Confucius. This monument was first erected in the second year of Jin Mingchang (AD 1191), and now only one building on the east side remains.
Taihe Yuanqi Fang
Taihe Yuanqi Fang was built in the 23rd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1544) and is entirely made of stone. The four characters "Taihe Yuanqi" were handwritten by Zeng Xian, the governor of Shandong at that time.
"Taihe" refers to the qi of heaven and earth, sun and moon, and yin and yang. "Yuanqi" originally meant the original material that formed the world. Later, some materialists included "metal, wood, water, fire, and earth". "These five elements are called "original energy". Everything and everything in the world is composed of the five elements. Here, "vital energy" is the qi of the heaven and earth, the sun and the moon, and the yin and yang, which is the foundation for the growth of all things. "Taihe Yuanqi" means that Confucius' thought embodies the most essential and noble aspect of human thought. Just like heaven and earth giving birth to all things, it can enable human thought to reach a supreme state.
After Taihe Yuanqi Square is the "Zhisheng Temple" Square, formerly known as "Xuansheng Temple" Square. There is no record of the founding year. The temple map in the 16th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1503 AD) has been There is the "Xuansheng Temple" square. In the seventh year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1729), "Xuansheng Temple" was changed to "Zhisheng Temple". This square is made of white marble. "To" means supreme.
Taihe Yuanqifang is located in the first courtyard of the Confucius Temple. There is a wooden workshop in the east and west of this courtyard. In the east is "Deqi Tiandi" and in the west is "Daoguan Ancient and Modern". This second square was built in the 13th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1415 AD) and rebuilt in the 7th year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1729 AD). It has three rooms and four pillars, with an archway above it, six layers and four arches. Each square is decorated with eight stone monsters. The four in the middle are "Tianlu" and the four on both sides are "to ward off evil spirits", which is very clumsy.
"The virtues of heaven and earth, and the Tao of ancient and modern times" mean that Confucius's contribution to mankind is as great as heaven and earth. Confucius' thoughts are unprecedented and supreme, whether in ancient times, present times or in the future.
Shengshi Gate
Shengshi Gate was originally the main entrance of the Confucius Temple. It was built in the 13th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1415 AD) and expanded in the 12th year of Hongzhi (1499 AD). In the eighth year of Yongzheng (AD 1730), Emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty named it "Shengshi Gate". This gate is built on a high platform, and there are reliefs on the front and rear royal roads of a cloud dragon playing with a pearl and a stone majesty, which were carved in the Ming Dynasty. The three characters "Shengshimen" were written by Qianlong, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty.
The word "Sage" comes from "The Second Wan Zhang of Mencius". Mencius compared the four sages in ancient China and pointed out: "Bo Yi, the pure one of the sages; Yi Yin, the sage Ren "Liu Xiahui, the person of the harmony of the sage; Confucius, the person of the time of the sage." It is believed that Boyi opposed King Wu to destroy Zhou, died without eating Zhou millet, and was a holy person; Yi Yin helped Tang destroy Xia Jie, and assisted Wai Bing after Tang died. After Zhong Ren died, Tang Sun Taijia ascended the throne, because Taijia destroyed Tang Fa, was exiled by Yi Yin. Three years later Taijia repented and was restored to his throne by Yi Yin. Mencius called Yi Yin a sage; Liu Xiahui was a senior official of the Lu State in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was demoted three times but still remained in office. People asked Why didn't he leave? He replied: "If you serve people in a straight way, how can you go there without deposing them? If you serve people in vain, why go to the country of your parents?" Later, when Qi attacked Lu, he sent people to Qi to persuade the troops to retreat, but he did not With one soldier and one pawn, he was able to retreat the Qi army, so Mencius said that he was the sage of peace. Through comparison, Mencius believed that Confucius was a sage of his time, a sage from the beginning to the end, and the sage most suitable for the times. Confucius' thoughts should become orthodox thoughts in any period or dynasty.
Bishui Bridge
Entering the Holy Hour Gate, it suddenly opens into a large square courtyard with towering ancient trees and grassy grass. There is a symmetrical waist door in the east and west, and three racks on the opposite side. The arch bridge covers the Bi River, half-covering the Hongdao gate, and is decorated with stone bonsai, which makes people feel relaxed and happy, and they are all emotional, and they suddenly feel that they have entered the realm of "god". Those who worship the saint look up to it, and those who watch it have a sneak peek. In connection with this situation and scene, the east waist door is said to be "Quick View", and the west waist door is said to be "Yanggao". "Kai Jian" means to see something in advance, while "Yang Gao" comes from "The Analects of Confucius". "Looking up will make you taller, drilling down will make you stronger" means that the way of Confucius is unfathomable. Look up, the higher you look, the higher you look. Learn Confucius' thoughts and doctrines. Once you enter the door, you will feel that there is no end to what is inside. These two gates were built in the 12th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1499 AD). In the past, only the emperor could go through the main entrance to offer sacrifices, and ordinary people could only enter the temple through the Yanggao Gate.
There is a water crossing in front and three bridges spanning across it. There are carved stone railings around the water. It is named "Bishui" because the water is "circling like a jade". There is Jinshui in front of Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, and "Bishui" is set up here, which means that Confucius Temple and the Imperial Palace are equivalent, so the three bridges are named Bishui Bridge. It was first built in the 13th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1415 AD). Stone railings were added in the 12th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1499 AD). The river bottom was built on the river. The original river was a small wall. ) Change the small wall to a stone railing. Shandong Confucius Mansion Guide Words 2
Dear tourists, hello everyone! Welcome to join the "Heilongjiang" tour group. My surname is Chen. You can call me Director Chen. Today, I will take you to the southwest of Shandong Province to visit Qufu, the "Oriental Holy City" with a long history.
Come and take a look, this is the famous Kong Lin. Look at the lifelike animal sculptures on the ground. Are there sheep? horse? ox? pig? Rabbit...Wow, all the twelve zodiac signs are in it! But do you know why there are so many tombstones on the ground? This is because Konglin is a special cemetery for Confucius and his family. 76 generations of Confucius' ancestors and descendants have been buried, and 78 generations of collateral descendants have been buried without interruption from the Zhou Dynasty to the present. It has lasted for a long time, has a large number of tombs and is well preserved. As a family cemetery, there is no precedent in the world.
Next, I will take you to visit the Confucius Temple. You see, the Confucius Temple has nine courtyards. The first three courtyards are equipped with guiding buildings, such as gates and archways. The fourth entrance to the courtyard is Kuiwen Pavilion, a three-eaves attic. The pavilion contains books awarded by emperors of all dynasties! Visitors, we are about to enter the seventh courtyard of the Confucius Temple - Dacheng Hall. It is magnificent and magnificent and is the core of the Confucius Temple. There is a pavilion called "Xingtan" in front of the temple. According to historical records, it is said to be the place where Confucius lectured during his lifetime. You can take photos.
Okay, tourists, we are going to Confucius Mansion now, let’s check the number of people first. One, two, three, four... Okay, we're all here, let's go. I just heard a tourist ask what the Confucius Mansion is for. In fact, the Confucius Mansion is also called "Yanshenggong Mansion". It is the place where Confucius' direct descendants live for generations. It is second only to the palaces of the Ming and Qing emperors in my country (that is, the Forbidden City in Beijing). ’s largest mansion. The Confucius Mansion followed the traditional Chinese system of front hall and back bedroom. The front hall was used for handling official business and receiving guests. It was a place for external activities and was called the official office. The back bedroom was the place where the family lived and was called the inner house. The functional divisions of the building are clear and arranged in an orderly manner. The current Confucius Mansion is basically a building from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a typical Chinese aristocratic family home. It is known as "the best family in the world". It is also a typical building in my country's feudal society where the official office and the inner residence are integrated. The mansion contains the famous Confucian archives and a large number of cultural relics.
Having said so much about Confucius’ temple, we should also talk about Confucius: Confucius is one of the greatest philosophers in the world and the founder of Confucianism in my country. He lived seven hundred years during his lifetime. More than one disciple. In the long history of more than 2,000 years, Confucian culture has gradually become the orthodox culture of our country, and has influenced countries in East and Southeast Asia, becoming the cornerstone of the entire Eastern culture.
Dear tourists, the Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion, and Confucius Forest Building Complex embody the essence of architecture from past dynasties, are of great architectural beauty, and are the essence of Confucianism. They are not only world-famous and rich in cultural heritage, but also possess a large number of valuable natural heritage. There are more than 17,000 ancient and famous trees growing here, which not only bear witness to the development history of "Three Kongs", but are also valuable materials for studying ancient phenology, climatology and ecology.
Tourists, there is no such thing as a banquet that lasts forever. Thank you for supporting our "Heilongjiang" tour group. I hope you will come with our "Heilongjiang" tour group next time. Thank you and goodbye. Shandong Confucius Mansion Guide 3
The construction period of the dormitory hall is the same as that of Dacheng Hall. The carvings on the surrounding stone pillars are phoenix and peonies.
East and west verandas
On both sides of Dacheng Hall are the east and west verandas. It was first built in the Tang Dynasty with more than 20 rooms, and was expanded to 100 rooms during the Chenghua Period of the Ming Dynasty, including the corner gates at both ends. It was destroyed by thunder and fire twice in the twelfth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty and in the second year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty. The existing buildings are from the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty. There are 88 verandas, 100 verandas with doors, and each veranda is 163 meters long. The two verandas are places dedicated to sages and Confucians.
Yuhong Tower Dharma Posters
The Yuhong Tower Dharma Posters are now on display in the north of the east and west verandas. The Yuhonglou dharma calligraphy was compiled and carved by Kong Jishu, the 68th generation grandson of Confucius and the fifth son of Yanshenggong Kong Chuanduo. Kong Jishu (AD 1727-AD 1794), with a solid handwriting and one character letter, was named Guyuan and also known as Xuegu Jushi. In the 33rd year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1768 AD), he was the candidate for Zhongshu and Gongshu. He was the son-in-law of Zhang Zhao, the famous calligrapher of the Ministry of Justice at that time. He studied under Zhang Zhao and devoted his life to the study of calligraphy art. He was as famous as Liang Tongshu, and was also known as South Liang and Beikong. Yuhonglou is the number of his study, so the dharma stickers he compiled and engraved are called "Yuhonglou dharma stickers". There are a total of 584 stone carvings in Yuhong Tower, and the rubbings are framed in 101 volumes, so it is also called "One Hundred and One Tie". The entire Yuhong Tower calligraphy is meticulously carved and was exclusively carved by Kong Jishu. It is a precious calligraphy treasure in my country and has high appreciation and research value.
The Holy Relics Hall
The last hall of the Confucius Temple is the Holy Relics Hall. The Holy Relic Hall has an elegant shape and was built in the 20th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1592). It was presided over by He Guang, the imperial censor. He collected portraits and literature about Confucius, and asked Wujun painter Zhang Cao to supplement the paintings and carve them into stone carvings. This is the earliest complete stone carving comic strip in my country - "Pictures of Holy Relics". The Temple of Holy Relics was specially built to store the "Picture of Holy Relics". Each "Picture of Holy Relics" is 38 centimeters high and 60 centimeters wide, with rich text and pictures. There are 120 paintings in total, depicting the main activities of Confucius's life. Shandong Confucius Mansion Guide Words 4
Dear group members, we have now arrived at the famous Confucius Mansion. Confucius Mansion, namely "Yanshenggong Mansion", also known as Shengfu, is the place where Confucius' eldest son and eldest grandson handle government affairs and live. "Yanshenggong" is a title given by Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty to Kong Zongyuan, the 46th generation grandson of Confucius, in 1055 AD. "Yan Sheng" means that the "Holy Way" and "Holy Descendants" can multiply and continue. This title has been inherited for 32 generations and has lasted for more than 900 years.
The eldest direct descendant of Confucius was dedicated to Confucius and originally lived in Queli's former residence, which was called "Xifengzhai". During the Baoyuan period of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty (1038-1040 AD), he was granted the title of "Yanshenggong". , began to expand the Confucius Mansion, and after successive reconstructions, it reached its current scale. The current Confucius Mansion covers an area of ??240 acres, with 463 pavilions, halls and pavilions, and is divided into three roads and nine courtyards. As we all know, in the feudal society with strict hierarchical concepts, buildings were also divided into strict grades. For example, ordinary people can only build one courtyard when building a house; people with official positions can only build courtyards with three entrances; with the emperor's permission, people with high official positions can build three-way layout, five-entry or seven-entry courtyards; only the emperor can enjoy it The highest level of the building is "Nine and Five Lords". The buildings of the Confucius Mansion have reached the same level as the royal buildings, which shows the high status of the Confucius Mansion. Therefore, the Confucius Mansion has become the largest and most luxurious feudal bureaucratic aristocratic mansion existing in our country, known as "the first in the world." .
The three-road layout of the Confucius Mansion is divided into: East Road, where Guantang, Mu'en Hall, Kong's Family Temple and Workshop are built; West Road, where Hongcaixuan, Zhongshu Hall, and Anhuaitang are built and the flower hall, etc.; the middle road is the main part of the Confucius Mansion. The front is the official office, with three halls and six halls, and the back is the residence, including the front upper room, the front hall building, the back hall building, the back hall, and the five rooms in the back. The last is the Confucius Mansion Garden. It is an official office in the front and a residence in the back. It is a typical architectural pattern in my country's feudal society in which government offices and residences are integrated. Dear group members, let’s start the tour from the middle road!
What you are seeing now is the first gate of the Confucius Mansion, which was built in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. There is a pair of male and female stone lions in front of the door, with an ascending horse stone and a dismounting horse stone in front and behind. Above the gate is a vertical plaque with gold characters on a blue background, which reads "Holy Palace". There is a couplet on both sides of the gate, which is known as "the best couplet in the world". The first line is "Together with Guo Xianxiu's Anfu and Honored Mansion", and the second line is "Together with the home of the moral saint of Lao Wen".
Let's take a closer look at the couplets. What problems did you find? By the way, there is a formal typo in these two couplets. The word "rich" in the first couplet is missing a little bit above it, which is called the word "rich" without a head, and it will always be rich; in the second couplet, the word "rich" is missing. The word "Zhang" extends vertically to the top, which is called the article reaching the sky. The meaning of the couplet is to praise the Confucius family and the country, sharing their fate, and being in a relationship with God for a long time. It has extraordinary meaning. There are five east and west wing rooms inside the gate. The east room was the place where the Confucius Mansion handled cases, called for food and rent, and delivered official documents, with a maximum number of 224 people. The west room, also known as the Xiu Hall, was responsible for Beijing errands. Usually, officials below the sixth rank come to the Confucius Mansion and wait for meetings here. They are not allowed to enter the second gate without permission.
The second gate of Confucius Mansion is opposite the first gate across the courtyard, commonly known as the second gate. The gate was built in the Ming Dynasty, and the four characters "Sage's Gate" were written by Li Dongyang, a great scholar of the Ming Dynasty. There is a screen door with a unique style at the second door. This door is not surrounded by a courtyard wall. Four columns support a brightly painted roof with eight inverted wooden carved flower buds, so it is called the "Hanging Flower Gate". On the door is a plaque of "Chongguang", also known as "Chongguang Gate", awarded by the third relative of Emperor Zhu Hou of the Ming Dynasty. This kind of gate building is not allowed by ordinary officials. Only the princes of the state who have been granted the title of lord are qualified to build it. There is only one building of this form in the country. This gate is usually closed, and only when the emperor holds a grand ceremony to welcome the "Imperial Edict" or carries out major activities to worship Confucius, it is slowly opened with the sound of a thirteen-gun salute, so it is also called the "Gate of Ceremonies". This gate is not accessible to ordinary people. In the past, only emperors could pass through it. It was closed all day long, so it was also called "Block Gate". The houses on both sides of the Yimen are modeled on the structure of the Sixth Courtyard of the Imperial Palace. They are: the Guangou Hall, which is responsible for the collection and payment of taxes, money and grain; the Hundred Household Hall, which is responsible for service and miscellaneous households; and the Classics Hall, which is responsible for etiquette. Codes and imperial books; Si Yue Hall, which is responsible for music studies, music students, dancers and musical instruments; Zhiyin Hall, which is responsible for seals and official documents; Zhang Shu Hall, which is responsible for documents and archives. The official positions in each department are six and seven, and they manage all matters of the Confucius Mansion.
The lobby was the place where "Yan Shenggong" received edicts and tried cases. The interior decoration is strict, including the four treasures of the study, the seal arrow, the drum, the cloud tablet, the dragon flag, the official title wood, etc. It is completely like a public hall. . In the corridor leading from the lobby to the second hall, there is an old-fashioned red lacquer stool, which is called the "Old Pavilion Stool". It turned out that the wife of Duke Yansheng, the 64th generation of Confucius, was the granddaughter of Yan Song, a powerful official in the Ming Dynasty. Later, when Yan Song was impeached and was about to be sentenced, he came to Confucius's house to ask Duke Yan to intercede on his behalf. When he came to the announcement hall to report and convey his intention, the chief of the announcement hall did not let him enter the room and only let him sit on the long bench in the corridor. At this time, Yan Song had no power or power, so he had to condescend. Wait there. As a result, Yan Shenggong did not dare to meet him, so Yan Song had to go back in dismay. Therefore, people call this stool "Old Pavilion Stool".
The second hall, also called the back hall, was the hall where Duke Yan Sheng received officials of fourth grade and above and the acting emperor took exams for ritual students, happy students, and children. The third hall, also known as the retreat hall, is the private court set up by Duke Yansheng, which is the place where internal affairs of the family are handled. From the gate to the three halls, the layout progresses step by step, showing the "sacred power" of the first house in the world.
After the three halls, we came to the inner courtyard of the Confucius Mansion. The inner gate is the boundary between the official government office and the inner residence, and is also the only doorway into the Confucius residence courtyard. This gate has always been heavily guarded and no outsiders are allowed to enter. On both sides of the door are various weapons such as tiger-tail sticks, swallow-wing boring machines, golden-top jade sticks, etc. specially gifted by the emperor. Anyone who disrespects the prohibition and enters without permission will be severely punished, "beaten to death without mercy", so this door is also called "Inner House Forbidden". Door". The water tank to the west of the inner house door is called Shiliu. In the past, water carriers were not allowed to enter the inner house. They could only pour water into the stone flow and flow into the inner house. On the wall of the inner door is a unicorn-like monster painted on the wall. Legend has it that it is a mythical beast in heaven with a greedy nature, named "Greed". Its nature is consistent with its name. Although there are all the treasures around it, it still opens its mouth wide and wants to eat the sun. It is said that when Yan Shenggong went out, he would take a look at this painting and warn himself and his descendants to be honest and honest and not to be greedy.
The first main hall in the courtyard of the Confucius Mansion is called the Qianshangfang. It is a building in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. It was the living room where Duke Yan Sheng received relatives, friends and close relatives. In the east room is displayed the wattle bed that Emperor Qianlong gave to the Confucius Mansion. On the table is the original imperial edict of Emperor Tongzhi, and on the middle table are tableware for a Manchu and Han banquet. According to the account records of the second year of Xianfeng (AD 1852), on August 24th, Duchess Bi's birthday, there were 464 banquet tables, 404 pieces of tableware for each banquet, 196 dishes, and a total of 138 silver taels. 70,000 texts. Its luxurious life is evident.
Going past the upper room, you will find the front and back halls. The front hall is a two-story pavilion with seven rooms. It has a magnificent appearance and luxurious interior furnishings, including rare calligraphy, paintings, calligraphy, antiques and clothes. The inner suite is the bedroom of Tao, the wife of Kong Lingyi, a descendant of Confucius. The west room is the bedroom of Kong Lingyi's other wife, Wang, who was Kong Decheng's biological mother. She was originally a maid in the Kong family, and was later taken as a concubine and gave birth to Kong Decheng. Her photo still hangs on the wall. The west suite is the bedroom of Feng, Kong Lingyi's other wife. The back hall building is a seven-room terrace with a front porch on the second floor. This is the residence of Kong Decheng, the 77th generation of Confucius' grandson Yan Shenggong. The new house where he and Sun Qifang got married was here. The wedding supplies, gifts, calligraphy and paintings given by friends are displayed in the hall. The east room is the bedroom of Kong Decheng and his wife Sun Qifang. On the wall are photos of Kong Decheng, his wife and their daughter.
What we are now coming to is the back garden of the Confucius Mansion, also called "Tieshan Garden", which is the last courtyard of the Confucius Mansion.
It was built in the 16th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1520xx). It was designed and supervised by Li Dongyang, the official minister, the prince and the Taifu, and an in-law of Kong Wenshao, the 62nd generation grandson of Confucius. It was built to imitate the Imperial Garden. Everyone must be surprised that there is no Iron Mountain in the garden. Why is it called this name? Legend has it that the reason why it is called "Iron Mountain Garden" is because Kong Qing, the 73rd generation grandson of Confucius, happened to renovate the Confucius Mansion Garden. Someone sent a few pieces of iron meteorites. Kong Qing was very happy and thought they were "magic stones from heaven", so he used them to decorate the garden and named it "Iron Mountain Garden". The entire garden covers an area of ??more than fifty acres. There are various exotic flowers and plants, ancient trees and famous stones in the garden, such as "Five Cypresses Holding Sophora japonica", an ancient tree with a history of more than 400 years, with five stems per tree. , hugging the Chinese Sophora japonica. The reason why this phenomenon occurs is because the cypress tree has a long lifespan. Over time, the five branches will rot into a hole, and the soil will accumulate in the hole. The seeds of the Sophora japonica tree will fall into it, and the seeds will grow in the future. Became a locust tree. This ancient tree with a peculiar shape has become a wonderful scene in the garden. You may wish to take a closer look.
After visiting the back garden, the tour of Confucius Mansion is coming to an end. I believe everyone has a deeper understanding of the "No. 1 Family in the World"! ;