The following is Guo Jia's life, main deeds and other people's comments on him.
Guo Jia (170-207), a native of Yangzhai, Yingchuan, was an outstanding counselor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. First, he advised Yuan Shao's army to be under siege. Later, he found it difficult for Yuan Shao to achieve great things, so he took refuge in Cao Cao and made great contributions to Cao Cao's unification of northern China. History books called him "a talented and resourceful man", and Cao Cao praised him for his knowledge and his "Zuo Qi".
Official position: Air Force wine supply (wine supply for military divisions)
Title: Hou, Shi.
Son: Guo Yi.
Finally: Cao Cao
Former dynasty: Yuan Shao
The modern world says: a ghost is a genius.
The three countries compete for the hero, and heroes come forth in large numbers. For heroes of all walks of life, it is very important to have a brilliant counselor. As we all know, as soon as Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain, Liu Bei's luck changed, from the embarrassing state of relying on others to success, and finally established the foundation. On the contrary, Cao Cao Group began to decline because of a person's early death, which eventually led to the failure of Cao Cao's ideal of unifying China. Mao Zedong once praised this man, saying that he was "brilliant, resourceful, resourceful and accomplished". He was Guo Jia, the core figure of Cao Cao's early military think tank. Guo Jia is one of Cao Cao's favorite and most effective counselors. Cao Cao has said many times that he will entrust his son to Guo Jia after a hundred years. It's a pity that Guo Jia died young, otherwise the aura he left in the historical sky can definitely be compared with Zhuge Liang.
Weak crown, seclusion, insight and knowledge of the Lord
Guo Jia was born in Yingchuan, which is today's Dengfeng area in Henan. This place was the largest talent pool during the Three Kingdoms period. At that time, 67 of the 10 counselors who gave advice to various heroes came from here. As a teenager, Guo Jia showed extraordinary wisdom. He likes to talk to his elders, and often has original opinions, which often makes them feel ashamed. Time flies, Guo Jia, who has read many poems, has grown up in an instant. He is thin and handsome, with clear and deep eyes. Guo Jia is confident and lofty, likes freedom, and is very picky about making friends. He only associates with people with lofty ideals in his mind. But he is sincere and enthusiastic about his friends and likes to drink and chat all night. At the age of 2 1, Guo Jia went to Yuan Shao's account at the instigation of his good friend Tian Feng and others. Yuan Shao was called "the hero of the world" at that time. He treated Guo Jia and others with great respect and courtesy. But after a few days, Guo Jia saw that Yuan Shao didn't know how to choose people and didn't want to achieve great things. So, Guo Jia resolutely left Yuan. Guo Jia left Yuan Shao at the best time, which requires not only great courage, but also extraordinary vision.
In this way, Guo Jia idle for six years. In A.D. 196, Cao Cao's highly admired counselor and dramatist died. Cao Cao was very sad, so he wrote to Yu Xun, asking him to recommend a counselor to replace this talented playwright. So Yu Xun recommended his friend Guo Jia to Cao Cao. Cao Cao was overjoyed, greeted with Li Li, and took Guo Jia to his own camp to discuss world affairs. This meeting is no less important than the later "Longzhong Dui". Guo Jia is younger than Cao Cao 15 years old, but he seems to know Cao Cao's lofty aspirations like the back of his hand. Cao Cao asked Guo Jia the timing of the world, and Guo Jia hit the nail on the head. Cao Cao borrowed Yuan Shao to attack Gongsun Zan and destroy Lu Bu first. This will not only enable Cao Jun to expand its own strength, but also prevent Lu Bu from threatening Cao Jun from the flank in the future decisive battle between Cao Yuan and Cao Yuan. Cao Cao also asked Guo Jia, as a counselor, what is the most critical quality? Guo Jia said that war is like chess. No war is planned in advance. Reading the Art of War is just the beginning. The strength and weakness of a strategist lies in improvisation. Guo Jia's clear and thorough analysis showed Cao Cao a bright future. After hearing this, Cao Cao sighed: "It must be this person who makes orphans become great things." Guo Jia was overjoyed when he left the camp and said, "What a master." From then on, Guo Jia used Cao Cao's military adviser, the military adviser, to offer drinks, and made suggestions for Cao Cao's four-way campaign, thus serving faithfully.
Clever calculations have repeatedly made wonders.
At that time, the princes of all walks of life were divided and had no ambition to swallow the four seas. In this case, Guo Jia's accurate judgment of the opponent's psychological state often becomes the key to Cao Cao's victory. 197, when Cao Cao was worried that he could not compete with Yuan Shao, Guo Jia put forward the famous theory of "ten wins and ten losses". He cited ten reasons one after another to prove that "the public wins ten times and loses ten times less." Guo Jia's analysis is very convincing, which not only inspired the morale of Cao Jun soldiers, but also helped Cao Cao to set long-term and short-term operational goals. At the same time, Guo Jia also formally established his core position in Cao Cao's military intelligence corps.
198 September, Cao Cao adopted Guo Jia's plan and sent troops to attack Lu Bu who lived in Xuzhou. Cao Jun first defeated Cheng Peng, then defeated Lu Bu, and finally besieged Li Shiqi. Lu bu can't hold on. The battle lasted for half a year, and Cao Cao saw that the soldiers were tired and ready to give up. At this time, Guo Jia saw the victory. Taking Xiang Yu as an example, he remonstrated with Cao Cao, and put forward the view that "those who are brave and have no plans will do their best and will soon fail" and advised Cao Cao to attack urgently. Cao Cao acted according to Guo Jia's plan, while attacking the city, he broke the dike to hide his pride. Indeed, in the same month, he captured Pi and Lu Bu.
Generally speaking, Cao Cao is obedient to Guo Jia. But only once, he didn't listen to Guo Jia's advice, and as a result, he made an irreparable mistake, that is, he released Liu Bei at 199. After Liu Bei took refuge in Cao Cao, everyone suggested killing him at first to avoid future trouble. Only Guo Jia agreed with Cao Cao that Liu Bei could not be killed. Guo Jia's original intention was to let Cao Cao put Liu Bei under house arrest. Because if you kill Liu Bei, it will inevitably bring bad influence to Cao Cao and cut off the road of talent. Although you can't kill it, you must not let it go. But Cao Cao's little knowledge of Guo Jia's meaning led to a big mistake. After Cao Liu boiled wine and talked about heroes, Liu Bei was worried about Cao Cao's suspicion and wanted to wait for an opportunity to get out of Cao Cao's control. Liu Bei pretended to take advantage of Yuan Shu's rout and asked Cao Cao to intercept him. With Guo Jia away, Cao Cao agreed to Liu Bei's request. When Guo Jia came back, he immediately said, "Get ready." . Cao Cao regretted it at that time and immediately sent someone to chase it, but it was too late. Sure enough, Liu Bei later lived in Xuzhou and began to fight Cao Cao.
The battle of Guandu shines brilliantly.
Yi Zhongtian mentioned in the reflection that Guo Jia and Yuan Shao had been fighting for two hundred years in Guandu. Cao Cao was worried about Liu Bei's sudden attack and stabbed him in the back. It is difficult to deal with the strong enemy ahead. Cao Canjun divided his troops to meet Liu Bei? Guo Jia just said "yes", and before that. Guo Jia said, "Yuan Shao has always been indecisive and won't react quickly. Liu Beixin has not returned, and his foothold is unstable. He must attack it quickly. He is sure to fail. Then return to Li to deal with Yuan Shao. This is the best opportunity to be attacked by both sides and must not be lost. " So Cao Cao conquered Liu Bei, captured Liu Bei's wife and captured Guan Yu. As Guo Jia expected, Liu Bei was defeated before Yuan Shao could react. When Cao Cao and Yuan Shao were at loggerheads in Guandu, another disturbing news reached Cao Ying: Sun Ce, a hero of Jiangdong, was preparing to send troops to attack Cao Cao's base in Xudu. Sun Ce's reputation for being brave and good at fighting kept ringing in the Central Plains at that time. He is a brave man, completely inheriting the aggressive temperament of his father Sun Jian. Previously, in the fertile Jiangdong, he laid a solid foundation in one fell swoop by attacking from all sides with invincible momentum. Cao Cao, who was already at a disadvantage in the stalemate with Yuan Shao, could not spare more troops to defend Xu Du. Once Xu Du falls, Cao Cao's camp will immediately fall apart. This is the most turbulent period of Cao Cao's camp, and many people began to secretly flatter Yuan Shao, ready to leave a way out for themselves. At that time, there were many private correspondence between Cao Jun and Yuan Shao. After the Battle of Guandu, many Han bamboo slips were found in Yuanying. At this critical juncture, Guo Jia actually put forward an incredible opinion: "Gong Ming Cao Cao doesn't need to take out his troops to defend Xudu, because Sun Ce can't come." Guo Jia said, "Sun Ce just annexed Jiangdong and killed all the heroes. And Sun Ce himself is reckless and careless. Although he has millions of people, he is no different from a loner. I think he must have died at the hands of an assassin. " Later, because of the revenge of three assassins, Sun Ce was killed by a poisoned arrow. This may be a coincidence, but it does add to Guo Jia's ingenuity.
In 2003, Yuan Shao, who was defeated in the battle of Guandu, died of illness. Cao Cao attacked his second son, winning Lien Chan and winning Lien Chan. Jun people want to attack the Second Yuan, but at this time, Guo Jia, who had argued for the northward advance, pushed his way through the crowd, found a new way and suggested withdrawing troops. He analyzed the contradiction between the two brothers. "Yuan Tan is the eldest son of Yuan Shao's two sons, but Yuan Shao prefers Yuan Shang. Yuan Shao was so hesitant about who to give the throne to that he hastily decided to let his third son, Yuan Shang, succeed him when he died. Yuan Tan, the eldest son, has been dissatisfied with this. If we attack, they will certainly fight side by side. If we suspend the use of troops, they will definitely break out. " Guo Jia suggested that Cao Cao feint Liu Biao south and "wait for it to change". Sure enough, just after Jun returned to Xuchang, the news of the bad weather in Yuan Junsheng came. Cao Cao took the opportunity to return to the north, split Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang in two, and Yuan Yi escaped. Thanks to Guo Jia's clever plan, the battle was won easily and smoothly.
Conquering the envy of Wu Huan
The image of Guo Jia in Romance of the Three Kingdoms In 2007, Yuan Shang fled to Wuhuan, which is now Jinzhou, Liaoning. General Cao Jun said, "Yuan Shang has become a lost dog, and the Hu people will not support them. If we make another expedition, Liu Bei will inevitably provoke Liu Biao to attack Xuchang. What if there are any variables? " At this time, after several years of recuperation, Liu Bei has accumulated considerable strength in Jingzhou beside Liu Biao. Based on Cao Cao's understanding of Liu Bei, he has reason to worry that Liu Bei will sneak attack behind his back when he is on a solo expedition. At this time, Guo Jia put forward different opinions from others. "You can rest assured to expedition, leaving an empty xu is just as well. I assume that Liu Bei can't give you any trouble. It's not that Liu Bei doesn't want to add, but that someone will stop him instead of you. This person is Liu Biao. " Amid all the noise, Guo Jia made a detailed analysis of the feasibility and significance of the Pingwu Huan War. "The conference semifinals self-reliance remote, now will be unguarded. If they attack suddenly, they will be wiped out. Yuan Shao is kind to the conference semifinals. If Yuan Shang were still alive, they would certainly help. Sooner or later, it will become a hidden danger. Now Yuan Jia's influence is still great. At this time, if the conference semifinals take action, our rear will not be stable. However, Liu Biao is a politician who only knows how to talk big. He knows that his ability is not enough to control Liu Bei, so he must guard against Liu Bei. Although it is now a virtual country expedition, once and for all, there will be no future trouble. " Guo Jia's point of view hit the nail on the head, and Cao Cao immediately sent troops to Liaodong. Cao Jun raided Wuhuan, Bailangshan, and captured more than 200,000 people. Desperate Yuan Shang defected to Xiangping Gongsun Kang. When Cao Cao Jun arrived in Yicheng, Guo Jia felt that the speed of advancement was still too slow, so he suggested, "The soldiers are expensive and fast. Now the potential expedition, with too many burdens and too slow progress, will inevitably be guarded by the other side. It is better to leave the trench, travel light and attack it unprepared. " Later, this war became a classic example in the history of China War, in which "the soldiers were swift and the raiders won". After setting up some illusions about withdrawing troops, Cao Cao secretly led a light and good soldier, and under the guidance of a guide, he suddenly appeared behind King Tatun, the leader of Wuhuan. Sergeant Wu Huan was caught off guard, and the chief tower shield was also killed. The road conditions of this March were extremely bad, with drought and water shortage of 200 miles along the way. When the food ran out, the soldiers in Cao Jun had to kill thousands of war horses to satisfy their hunger before reaching their destination. In the autumn of the same year, Liaodong satrap Gongsun Kang came to surrender with Yuan Shang's head. According to Guo Jia's plan, Cao Cao finally completely pacified the north and unified the whole area north of the Yellow River Basin. On the way back from Liucheng, Guo Jia died because of acclimatization, bad weather, overwork and illness. In this way, a child prodigy fell like a meteor.
The monarch and the minister know each other very well.
Among many advisers of Cao Cao, Guo Jia is the only one who knows Cao Cao best, and they are close as friends. It is reported that two people walk in the same car and sit at the same table, which shows their intimacy. Guo Jia has many unreasonable behaviors in the strict camp of running the army, but in the eyes of Cao Cao, who prefers him, "this is an extraordinary person and should not be detained by common sense." One of Cao Cao's discipline inspection officials, named Chen Qun, once typed a book by Guo Jia because of his bad behavior. However, Cao Cao praised Chen Qun for his meritorious service, but turned a deaf ear to Guo Jia. Not only that, Cao Cao secretly applauded Guo Jiayi's old way of life. In his long career, Cao Cao always took Guo Jia with him, so as to learn from him at any time and improvise. Some historians say that Guo Jia is lucky. Only Cao Cao, a talented person, dares to use Guo Jia, a person who despises etiquette and regards him as a "confidant". During military events, Guo Jia's plan never miscalculated. Cao Cao placed infinite hopes on the young Guo Jia, intending to entrust the affairs of governing the country behind him to Guo Jia after pacifying the world.
Guo Jia's important position in Cao Cao Group is irreplaceable, and Cao Cao's military career can even be divided into two parts according to the death of Guo Jia. Guo Jia helped Cao Cao to unify the north before his death: Guo Jia played an important role in Cao Cao's battle to destroy Lu Bu and Yuan Shao. After Guo Jia's death, Cao Cao was basically at a standstill except for his achievements in the Northwest War with bandits such as Marten and Han Sui. After Battle of Red Cliffs in 2008, it left a helpless ending. Cao Cao himself has a deep understanding of this, otherwise he would not have issued such a lonely ape-like lament on the retreat road after the defeat of Chibi: "Guo Fengxiao (Guo Jia) is not alone here."
Cherish filial piety! Filial piety hurts! Alas for filial piety!
Commentator
First, choose the Lord and do things.
Guo Jia was ambitious since he was a child. At the age of twenty, he was keenly aware that there would be chaos in the world, so he lived in seclusion and waited for the opportunity. On the other hand, he keeps in touch with talented people in secret. Guo Jia's initial seclusion was due to Tian Feng's attachment to the most powerful Yuan Shao at that time. Yuan Shao had great respect for Guo Jia and others and treated them with courtesy. But after a few days, Guo Jia saw that Yuan Shao was indecisive and not good at employing people, and only one person resolutely left. When Cao Cao recruited talents, Yu Xun and Cheng Yu * * * led Guo Jia! Cao Cao summoned Guo Jia and asked Yuan Shao. Guo Jia famously said, "Ten wins and ten losses", when Yuan Shao attacked Gongsun Zan, he offered a plan to conquer Lu Bu in one fell swoop. This will expand his own strength and avoid the threat of Lu Bu from the side in the decisive battle between Yuan and Cao. After hearing this, Cao Cao sighed: "It must be this person who makes orphans become great things." Guo Jia was impressed by Cao Cao's talent and ambition. When he left Cao Cao's camp, he was overjoyed and said; "It's really my Lord." From then on, Guo Jia used Cao Cao's strategist, the strategist, to offer a drink offering. Make suggestions for Cao Cao's four-party campaign and serve him faithfully.
Second, the plan was broken by Liu Lu.
In February, Cao Cao adopted Guo Jia's plan to send troops to Lu Bu. Cao Jun defeated Cheng Peng first, then Lu Bu, and finally the army besieged Pi. However, Lu Bu persisted and couldn't get out. Cao Cao couldn't attack for a long time, so he thought of withdrawing troops. Guo Jia persuaded Cao Cao to continue to attack the city. "Although Lyu3 bu4 brave, now all three wars are lost, the spirit has declined. The generals of the three armed forces will decline. Chen Gong is resourceful, but slow to respond. Now is the time to use the spirit of Lu Bu and Chen Gong's plan to March into the emergency attack, and we will certainly defeat Lu Bu. " Cao Cao acted according to the plan, while attacking the city, he drowned Pi with Yi and Si Shui. In December of the same year, Pi was conquered, and Lu Bu and Chen Gong were captured and killed alive. In the fourth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao sent Liu Bei to attack the invading Yuan Shu. Guo Jia was shocked and stopped: "Don't let Liu Bei lead the army out, or it will be reversed." Cao Cao regretted it. Liu Bei immediately killed Che Zhou, the secretariat of Xuzhou, and United against Cao. Cao Jun was attacked from both sides. Cao Cao wanted to quickly send his troops to destroy Liu and turn to Yuan. People are afraid that Yuan Shao will attack from behind. Cao Cao was indecisive, and Guo Jia analyzed: "Yuan Shao has always been indecisive and unresponsive. Liu Beigang rebelled not long ago, and the people did not return, and his foothold was unstable. He attacks quickly, and he is doomed to lose. Then return to Li to deal with Yuan Shao. This is the best time to change between Scylla and Charybdis on the eve of the decisive battle, and we must not lose it. " Cao Cao finally strengthened his confidence and returned from Guandu to attack Liu. He broke the "wife-taking" in World War I, captured his general Guan Yu alive and won the next Pi. As Guo Jia expected, Yuan Shao didn't respond, and Liu Bei was defeated.
Third, alienate the second element.
After the battle of Guandu, the second son Lien Chan won. All the generals advocate sweeping Eryuan thoroughly. Guo Jia, on the other hand, added fuel to the flames in the crowd and found a new way. This paper analyzes the contradiction of yuan brothers's views on Cao Cao. If we attack them, we will work together. If we slow them down, we will be coaxed. It is suggested that Cao Cao return to the military uniform and levy Liu Biao in the south, "waiting for it to change." Sure enough, the second yuan competed for territory. Cao Cao took the opportunity to return to the north to attack one by one. Er Yuan died and fled. Thanks to Guo Jia's clever plan, the battle was won easily, smoothly and thoroughly.
At this time, Yuan Shang fled to Wu Heng, and the generals of Jun thought it was not worthwhile to attack Wu Heng for Yuan Shang, making Xuchang empty and attacking Liu Bei. In the unanimous opposition, Guo Jia once again incisively and incisively analyzed the feasibility and significance of the Pingwuheng campaign. Guo Jia first said that the expropriation of Wu Heng is of great significance for consolidating the area north of the Yellow River just captured by Cao Jun .. It also revealed the contradiction between Liu Biao and Liu Bei, and pointed out that Liu Biao would never let Liu Bei sneak up on Xudu. Cao Cao listened to his words and quickly led the army to war. Guo Jia also advised the army to be quick and expensive, travel light and take it by surprise. Sure enough, Cao Jun approached Liucheng, where Wu Hengjun lived, for more than one hundred miles before being discovered. As a result, Zhang Liao suddenly attacked and killed Wu Hengjun in World War I ... Yuan Shang fled into Liaodong again, and Gongsun Kang, the prefect of Liaodong, offered his head. According to Guo Jia's plan, Cao Cao finally completely pacified the north and unified the whole Yellow River basin!
Fourth, the monarch and the minister know each other.
Almost every time Cao Cao went to war, Guo Jia followed the military plane of the General Staff. When marching, Cao Cao walked side by side, and he also sat with Cao Cao at the meeting. Guo Jia's strategy is always correct when discussing military affairs, and his strategy has never been miscalculated, which really achieves the purpose of calculating everything. Guo Jia didn't keep etiquette, but he was reused by Cao Cao because of his extraordinary ingenuity. Only Cao Cao dared to use someone who despised etiquette like Guo Jia. Guo Jia, who is in her twenties, was cited as a "bosom friend". But also placed infinite hopes on the young Guo Jia, intending to entrust the affairs of governing the country behind him to Guo Jia after pacifying the world. When Guo Jia was seriously ill in bed, Cao Cao kept sending people to visit him. "The people who ask questions are staggered." Guo Jia died of illness, and Cao Cao went to the mourning hall with great grief. More poetic and concise language expressed his infinite sadness and regret: "Alas, filial piety! Filial piety hurts! Cherish filial piety! " (Biography of Fu Zi) Later, he said to the court: "It has been ten years since the army offered wine to Guo Jia. Every time there is a big discussion, the enemy will change. I haven't decided my policy yet. I need to make it work. Pacify the world and strive for high achievements. Unfortunately, life is short and my career is not over. It is really unforgettable to think of Jia Xun. You can increase 800 households and 1000 households. "
abstract
Guo Jia is Cao Cao's favorite and most effective counselor, with profound knowledge and rich qualifications. It should be said that the reason why Cao Cao fought like a god was "like Sun Wu". Among them, Guo Jia played a very important role because of his strategizing. In the words of Cao Cao. It is: "pacify the world and aim high!"
Historical evaluation
Chen Shou's Three Kingdoms: Cheng Yu, Guo Jia, Dong Zhao, Ye Liu and Jiang Jicai are all military strategists. Although they are unique in the fast travel, their planning is expected.
Cao Cao: To make an orphan a great cause, he must be this person. Only filial piety can know loneliness. Alas for filial piety! Cherish filial piety! Filial piety hurts!
Mao Zedong: Great talent, resourcefulness, advice and outstanding achievements.
This answer was recommended by Chen Ming, an expert in cultural and artistic classification.