1, sacrifice food, cannibalism takes food as the sky, and the initial sacrifice takes food as the main means. "Li Yun" said: "The beginning of husband ceremony begins with diet. It burns porpoises, drinks filthy, squats and beats drums, which can still make it respect ghosts and gods. " In other words, the ceremony originated from providing food to the gods. As long as you burn the millet, bring the pork to the gods, dig a hole as a kettle to send water to the gods with your hands, and drum for fun, you can convey people's prayers and respect to the gods. Studying the origin of characters will also find that most of the characters expressing "sacrifice" are related to diet. Among many foods, meat is the most important. In ancient times, the carnivorous animals used for sacrifice were called "sacrifices", referring to horses, cows, sheep, chickens, dogs, tapirs and other livestock, and later called "six animals". Among the six animals, the most commonly used are cattle, sheep and dogs. Fish and rabbit game is also used for sacrifice, but it is not among the "sacrifices".

2, jade, God pays attention to clothing, and jade is indispensable in sacrifice. "Zuo Zhuan" contains: "Sacrifice jade and silk, dare to add." "Mozi Shang Tong" says: "If you are a ghost, you must not lose it." Jade silk, including all kinds of jade ritual vessels and leather silk, is the most commonly used means of sacrifice besides food. Jade plays a very important role in sacrifice. In Zhou Li, it is recorded that jade is used as six vessels to celebrate the world! ! Jade is a treasure worn by nobles. In ancient times, when there were no gold and silver ornaments, jade was very precious. Wearing jade has become a unique symbol of nobility. In the Han dynasty, it was said that a gentleman never leaves his body. It is very valuable to use jade as Jeff and seal. Jade etiquette system at this time unprecedented development! People regard jade as a synonym for beauty, and even the imaginary residence of the gods is called Yutai. Silk is the general name of silk fabrics, and it is the means of subsistence for nobles to keep out the cold. In ancient times, ordinary people could only dress up in linen, and Wei Wengong described in Zuo Zhuan was crowned with silk, which was extremely precious in ancient times. It is precisely because of the rarity and preciousness of jade and silk that ancient people worship jade and silk.

3, employing people, people sacrifice to the gods, the ancient book called "employing people", and later called "human sacrifice." Human sacrifice, not only in primitive religion, but also in later religions, is the darkest page in religious history. Human sacrifice originated from tribal wars in primitive society. At that time, the level of productivity was low and the value of people could not be reflected. Captives in war, women can be played with, children may be adopted into families, and adult men are killed and sacrificed to the gods. Another phenomenon of human sacrifice is to provide beautiful women for male gods. There is also the phenomenon that boys and girls worship God together. Taking the human body of childhood as a sacrifice, first, because the child is immature, and second, because the gods like children, and the children are innocent and pure, which is related to the immortal family's pursuit of immortality.

4. Using blood is a special sacrifice. The ancients believed that blood has a soul, and it can sustain human or animal life. Once blood is lost, it means injury or even death, as if blood has a magical power. The blood of sacrifice is human blood and animal blood. Wa people have the custom of offering hunters' heads as sacrifices, so the blood of headhunters has mysterious significance. The headhunter's blood is mixed with ashes and grain seeds and scattered in the ground, thinking that this can promote the growth of grain. When Xibo people sacrifice to the land god, they kill pigs in the field and sprinkle pig blood. When some Yi people worship the land, they will dip chicken feathers and blood in the branches symbolizing the land god.