The Bai nationality is the largest ethnic minority in China 15, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and other provinces, among which the Bai nationality in Yunnan Province has the largest population and mainly lives in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. In addition, it is also distributed in Sichuan and Chongqing.
Bai nationality has its own national language, and Bai language belongs to Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Chinese has been widely used by Bai people since ancient times. Bai nationality is unique in art, and its architecture, sculpture and painting art are famous all over the world. In the process of its formation and development, it interacted with neighboring nationalities and created splendid economy and culture.
Bai nationality is a nationality with a high degree of living, with three branches of Jia Min, Lemo and Nama, which are deeply influenced by China culture.
The origin of Bai nationality is diverse. The earliest ancestors of the Bai nationality were the indigenous Kunming people and Heman people around Erhai Lake, and the Miao and Qiang people in the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Later, they merged into some ethnic groups such as Bo people, ancestors, Bo people, Ailao people, Yunnan people and Han people. In the long history of thousands of years, the Bai nationality has gradually formed the embryonic form of today's Bai nationality due to historical reasons such as fighting, expanding soil, commerce, land reclamation, and staying on the border.
During the hundreds of years from the Ming Dynasty to 1956, the national identity of the Bai nationality was established, which was the process of a large number of sinicization of the Bai nationality. In addition to Dali Prefecture, modern Bai people are intermittently distributed in Mazhelong in Qiubei, Xishan in Kunming, Yuan Yin in Yuanjiang, Nanhua in Chuxiong, Jiuzhai in Baoshan, Lijiang and other places, which also reflects this point. Historian Ma Yao's point of view is that the Bai nationality is heterogeneous, that is, the Bai nationality is a nation formed by assimilating a large number of heterogeneous people with Tibetan and Burmese culture as the backbone. Huaxia civilization and ancient Indian civilization spread to Erhai Lake area one after another. Bai ancestors kept learning from them and initially formed a Bai culture characterized by Sanskrit and Chinese.
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Shui people are ethnic minorities living in Yunnan, Jiangxi, Guizhou and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, mainly distributed in Guizhou, with a total population of about 340,000. Caoshui language belongs to the Dong Shui language branch of Zhuang Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Most of the old water people say that they are from Jiangxi (Jishui, Jiangxi, etc.), some say that they are from Suishui area of the Central Plains, and some say that they are related to the ancient "Luoyue", but their culture is Shuishu, and Shuishu can only come from the Central Plains. There is also a saying that the Shui people were originally descendants of the royal family in the Sui Dynasty, and the declining royal family led many people to move south in 6 18. From Jiangxi to Shandong, Guizhou, they developed their own unique language and writing through reference. In order not to forget their ancestors, they called themselves Sui people in the process of moving south, but they are still called Sui people because of their consistent pronunciation. In addition, it also refers to aquatic animals raised artificially for viewing.
Customs of Dragon Boat Festival in Shui nationality: Shui people like to use glutinous rice, zongzi and various fried foods made of glutinous rice as gifts for relatives and friends. Legend has it that the Shui people are vegetarian on the eve of the Dragon Boat Festival because of a short story. It is said that the distant ancestors of the Shui people moved from Jiangxi to Sandu, Guizhou, where they cultivated land and started their family business. When the distant ancestor celebrated the harvest, he accidentally slipped and fell to death when he went upstairs to get food, mourning for the dead old man. The younger generation decided not to eat meat before the old man was buried. The day the old man died was the day before the Dragon Boat Festival. Therefore, the Shui people have the habit of not eating meat the day before the Dragon Boat Festival or before the old man dies and is buried.