Spring Festival, commonly known as Chinese New Year. In addition to the general annual customs, temple fairs are the main customs of the old Beijing New Year. In addition to the well-known factory Dian, Wuxian God of Wealth Temple (from the second day to the sixteenth day), Dongyue Temple (from the first day to the fifteenth day) and Baiyunguan Temple (from the first day to the nineteenth day) are all famous temple fairs, which are the most characteristic of the New Year in Beijing.
The official activities of Wuxian God of Wealth Temple are counted from the second day of the first month. In the early morning of the second day of the lunar new year, except for the rich and dignitaries, the vast majority of people who go to the temple of God of Wealth to make incense ride bicycles. Most of them wear all kinds of satin cotton gowns, jackets or waistcoats, and thin felt hats. Pilgrims leave Guang 'anmen from the city to the south. Of course, it is basically downwind (because Beijing is more northwest in winter). But as soon as you get out of Guang 'anmen, you have to go against the wind.
Paper fish, which is tied with a white thread with a bamboo chop for carrying; There are also strings of gold and silver ingots with clay tires and gold and silver foil, which are also tied to bamboo splits. There is also a noisy windmill. This kind of windmill is made of thin bamboo strips and colored paper strips and pasted into wind wheels, which are installed on the straw rack. Each wind wheel has a pair of small drum legs tied with white lines and beats a small drum covered with clay paper. When the wind blows, it keeps ringing.
This kind of windmill is single, and there are four or even a dozen connected together. In the evening, when the sun goes down, as long as you stand on the street, you can see one bike after another forming a fast-flowing traffic.
It is the custom of northerners to eat jiaozi during the Spring Festival. Northeastern folks have the habit of keeping watch on New Year's Eve. On New Year's Eve, you must eat jiaozi, and only a few coins are wrapped in many jiaozi (now people pay attention to hygiene, so they use peanuts or other nuts instead. ), whoever eats such jiaozi indicates good luck and good luck in the new year.
in addition, people in the northeast must eat jiaozi on the fifth day of the fifth day, which is also called "breaking the fifth day", that is, biting jiaozi, which means destroying all unlucky things and has the meaning of driving away disasters and avoiding evil spirits.
because of the cold weather in the northeast, some fruits have a different taste after being frozen. The most common are iced pears and frozen persimmons. It is understood that the purest is frozen autumn pear. In the north, there is a kind of pear called autumn pear, which is sour and astringent when it is just picked, so people pick it and put it directly under the tree, cover it with a layer of leaves. After freezing, the autumn pear is sweet and sour, and the juice is abundant. Frozen pears should be thawed in water before eating. Eating this kind of pear after New Year's Eve can relieve alcohol and greasy.
Northeasters generally can't have their hair cut from the first day of the Lunar New Year to the first day of the second lunar month. If they cut their hair, they will kill their uncle. Therefore, Northeasters are very taboo about this, and no one will cut their hair in the first month. On February 2nd, "the dragon looks up" means that people will have a haircut on the second day of February, so many people will compete for a haircut on this day for good luck.
In the northeast, elderly people have a saying that if they don't sweep the floor on the first and second days of the New Year's Day, they just don't want to sweep away their good luck and wealth. So you can only sweep the floor when you wait until the third day.
Spring Festival folk customs are similar all over the country. Shaanxi folk customs are simple, and the Spring Festival has a strong local flavor and local characteristics. At the beginning of the year In ancient times, Nian was not on the 29th or 3th of the twelfth lunar month, but on the twelfth lunar month, which became Laba. La Worship was moved to the end of the year after the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In the Republic of China, when the solar calendar was changed, the year of the lunar calendar was called the Spring Festival, because the Spring Festival was usually after beginning of spring, so it was called the Spring Festival.
People in Shaanxi still call the Spring Festival "Chinese New Year", and a story about Chinese New Year has been handed down. In ancient times, there was a beast called "Nian", whenever the cold winter approached the night when the new year came. Eating people out makes people restless. In the struggle with Nian, people found that this ferocious beast was most afraid of fire and noise, so people thought of a way. Once Nian appeared, they lit a fire and threw themselves into the bamboo joint. Nian saw the raging fire and heard the firecrackers exploding, and fled without a trace. Later, it gradually formed a New Year reunion. The customs and habits of guarding the old age, hanging red lights, posting couplets, setting off firecrackers and eating New Year's dinner.
Like the Han nationality, Yunnan should put up couplets during the Spring Festival. But the "couplets" are all kinds of patterns cut from red paper. Not only the way of "writing" is different, but also the way of pasting is unique. On New Year's Eve, everyone in the whole family took home-made Spring Festival couplets and sang "Happy New Year's Song", which was posted for everything in turn outside the courtyard, vegetable orchards and fields. Because of singing while posting, the Spring Festival couplets of Bai people are called "song couplets". On the gate are pictures of spring trees and elephants, made by the oldest person in the family and pasted by the youngest doll. While posting, I sang "Spring returns to the earth and everything is blessed, and everything is renewed and auspicious; Households are prosperous for six animals in Qingshan, and the door contains fields and grains; Well-fed and well-fed, the country and the people enjoy peace. Stick up the "Song Lian" at the gate, then stick up the door of the room, the door of the building, the door of the kitchen, then stick up the production tools such as plows, harrows and saddles, and finally stick up the flowers and trees ... When the "Song Lian" is stuck on something, take that thing as the "theme" and sing the first couplet song to "express" the meaning. For example, a paper-cut of firecrackers is attached to a bamboo branch, and the "couplet song" sung by people is that the bamboo report is worth a thousand dollars, and the innocence spreads the family's voice; The east wind is proud to spend thousands of miles, and the red sun shines high in Wan Muchun. This kind of "song couplet", which combines paper-cutting and singing, can be called a wonderful flower of Bai culture.