The film is based on educated youth in Xishuangbanna, written by Ye Xin and directed by Huang Shuqin. As an outstanding representative of Wu dialect (Shanghai dialect, Shanghai dialect) TV, Kama has exerted great influence in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and even the whole country. The play won the third prize of 1995 "Flying Award" and the "Five Ones" project award, setting a high audience rating of 42.62%. The Dai people in Xishuangbanna are a people who are predestined friends with water, and are called water people. The folk proverb says that "bubbles drift with the waves, Dai families follow the flowing water" and "water makes the world, and the world depends on water". In Dai people's mind, water is the milk that breeds all things and the source of blood for life. The Dai epic "Batama Gapeng Shangluo" says that the earth is made up of water and other substances. In the Dai medical monograph Five Notes on Guita, the capital of Batavita (earth), the capital of Apperta (water), the capital of Diezhuo (fire) and the capital of Yue Ji (wind) are interpreted as the material origins of human body. Water acts as glue and is the source of life. Dai people realize that water not only has the functions of drinking, washing, shipping, irrigation and driving waterwheels, but also has the function of nourishing everything. Dai people have an indissoluble bond with water.
The code of generations stipulates: "there must be thousands of rivers to build dreams." Abundant water resources are one of the important conditions for the Dai people to choose a site to build a village and settle down.
All Dai villages are built by water. The Dai people's attachment to water is also related to the customs and climate of their place of residence. During the Chinese New Year, Dai people have activities such as bathing Buddha, splashing water and rowing dragon boats, all of which are inseparable from water. The subtropical high temperature requires people to take a bath several times a day; Dai people grow rice in boiling water fields, and water is also needed for irrigation. Dai people cannot live without water.
The basic form of Dai family is monogamous patriarchal family. Because of the different stages of social development in different places, the forms of family and marriage are also different. In Xishuangbanna, there were still many remnants of couple marriage before liberation, which indicated that the family and marriage relationship were unstable and marriage and divorce were relatively free. However, due to the existence of families and village communities, the marriage of young people is directly related to their rights and obligations to families and village communities, so they need the consent of the heads of families and village communities. When the love between men and women is mature, the man invites his uncle and aunt to propose to her. At this time, the woman's parents generally don't speak as usual, and the head of the household and the village head will answer, asking about the number of years of "coming to the door" and how to entertain relatives and friends, and they can get married with the consent of the head of the household. After marriage, the man must work in the woman's house for several years as promised before he can take his wife back. When another family is established, the village community will give it to the "land". If the two sides disagree, with the consent of the head of the delegation, handing each other a pair of wax strips is a divorce procedure; If the man has not heard from him for several months, the woman can find another spouse; When one party dies, no matter how old, it is necessary to go through the divorce procedure, that is, stick a pair of wax strips on the coffin of the deceased and send the museum materials to the entrance of the building, which means divorcing the deceased.
Bamboo House, a folk house in A Dai, is the most typical existing dry-column building in China. It is simple and unique, living in a relaxed and free life, very cool and cool. Dai men have the custom of tattooing, which shows courage and beauty and can also attract the love of the opposite sex. Dai Tongba and Huabao
Tongba, or satchel. Tongba of Dai nationality is woven from various wool and cotton threads. The bag is more than 30 cm long and 20 cm wide. The front, sides and back of the bag. Or weave flowers, birds and animals, or weave geometric figures, and the bottom of the bag is decorated with colored spikes.
national costume
Beautiful and elegant Dai women's clothing; Hani and Jinuo men's wear, embroidered with various patterns and inlaid with silver ornaments; Simple Lahu and Bulang women's dresses. According to the needs of tourists, the national ethnic craft factory has developed the clothing production of Fu, Hani, Bulang, Lahu and Jinuo, combining traditional fabrics with modern fabrics; Combine traditional styles, colors and ornaments with modern styles and ornaments, and design and sew national costumes with distinctive national characteristics to enter the market.
Woodboard painting
Using exquisite and bright-colored wood and high-quality laminated board as raw materials, the carved artworks reflecting the costumes, living customs, residential buildings and natural scenery of Xishuangbanna are spliced in the board frame, carefully polished and decorated.
Wood carving and root carving
Traditional wood carvings, mostly carved Buddha statues, sacred cows and golden elephants, are mainly used to worship Buddha. After the 1980s, woodcarving appeared. The main wood carving products are wooden elephant, wooden lion, wooden cow, wooden horse, portrait, shapeshifter, wooden bracelet, wooden collar and so on.
black pottery
1991May, Menghai County Township Enterprise Bureau built a craft beautiful pottery factory in the location of Bajiaoting in Jingzhen to produce black pottery to meet the needs of tourism development. 1992 began to produce 63 series of products, such as cans, pots, pots, bottles, smoking utensils, tea sets, pottery horses and pottery cows.
Silver ornaments and butterfly decorative products
Traditional silver ornaments mainly include hairpins, earrings, collars, bracelets, armbands, brooches, anklets, rings and belts. Hinayana Buddhism was introduced into Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, and became the religion of the Dai people. Buddhist temple buildings can be seen everywhere, almost every village has Buddhist temples, and some Buddhist temples have pagodas next to them. Buddhist temples and pagodas have become the center of Dai people's life and temples in their minds, and Buddhist architectural art has also become valuable cultural and artistic wealth of Dai people.
The Dai Buddhist temple in Xishuangbanna is mainly built with double eaves and many slopes and flat tiles. Buddhist temples are mostly square, facing east from east to west, and the roof slope consists of three floors. Nave is relatively high, with decreasing and alternating ups and downs on the north and south sides. The roof adopts rectangular tiles, and the tail of the tiles is hooked on the flat bamboo rafters. The ridge between the main ridge of the roof and the eaves is smoothed with lime and decorated with various tiles. Dai nationality: "Sanggan Bimai" Festival: namely Water-splashing Festival, which is from April 13 to June 15 in Gregorian calendar. Grand Buddhist activities are held, in addition to packet loss, dragon boat rowing, flying high, sand piling, chicken fighting and other activities. The climax of the festival is splashing water. The so-called "soaking the whole body will eventually bring happiness to the world."
Hani nationality: "Gatangpa" Festival: (miss ancestors, bid farewell to the old and welcome the new), Gregorian calendar 65438+1October 2-4. People eat rice cakes, offer sacrifices to family gods and hold banquets. Young men and women invited mountains to pick wild flowers and fruits. Men, old and young, all play top.
Lahu nationality: "Lahu nationality" festival: the time is the same as the Spring Festival of Han nationality. The staple food is glutinous rice Baba. On the first morning, I went to the mountain spring to grab new water. The first day to the third day is called the Year of Women, and men entertain guests and do housework. The fourteenth day to the sixteenth day is a human year. Men can go hunting in the mountains, drink and sing, and the main activity of the festival is to dance Lusheng.
Bulang nationality: "Haowasa" Festival: the closing day, in the middle of July in the Gregorian calendar. Family members hold a "Ma Song" (repentance) ceremony for the head of the household to pray for peace and avoid disaster in the coming year.
Jinuo people: "Five Maoke" Festival (lunar calendar): On February 6-8, Gregorian calendar, gongs and drums are played, and ceremonies such as herding cattle, preparing for farming, and striking the iron are held.
Yao: Wang Pan Festival: also known as "Jumping King Wang Pan" or "Returning King Wang Pan", and "King Wang Pan" is "Pan Hu", which is the symbol and totem of Yao ancestors. Don't touch the head of the "little monk"
According to the Hinayana religion in Xishuangbanna, men should live a religious life away from their families all their lives. Only when they encounter difficulties in social life can they alleviate their pain and have social status from birth to adulthood. When a boy is seven or eight years old, he will be a monk in a Buddhist temple for a period of time, called a little monk. Young monks should take care of themselves, work, study Buddhist scriptures and conduct strict self-cultivation education in Buddhist temples. It will take two or three years for a secular man to get married and start a family. People who have never been a monk are regarded as strangers or savages, have no position in society and are looked down upon. When practicing in the temple, you are not allowed to talk and laugh with women, and outsiders are not allowed to touch the young monk's head (this is completely opposite to the fact that Han people like children to touch their heads). If outsiders (especially women) touch too much, they are regarded as enemies. The young monk's self-cultivation time is invalid and he must start from scratch. Therefore, if foreign tourists visit temples, they must remember this custom.
Bedroom taboo
Dai people are used to living upstairs, but the bedroom upstairs is separated from the living room by a wall. There is no partition in the bedroom, and generations have lived in it. Separated by mosquito nets, with a certain interval in the middle, a separate door. No outsiders are allowed to peep in the bedroom. According to the previous custom, if the host finds an outsider peeking at the host's bedroom, the man will be the host's door-to-door son-in-law, or work hard in the host's home for three years, and even the female guest will serve in the host's home for three years. Therefore, tourists should never peek at the master's bedroom because of mystery, whether they are visiting or being guests. Although the past customs have been broken now, peeking into the bedroom is always unpopular.
Living room taboo
Dai Jia's upstairs living room has three pillars, two of which are separated side by side from the living room and one is next to the fireplace. There are two in the bedroom, the one outside is called auspicious column, which can be used for rest, and the one behind is called ascension column, which is used after death. When a family member dies, the family members lean on this pillar (regardless of gender) to bathe, dress and wrap their bodies, waiting for cremation. It is absolutely not allowed to rely on one by the fire pond, which is the zenith pillar of Dai's family. If you lean against the post, it means disrespect to your master.
Instructions for going to Zhulou
You must take off your shoes when you enter the Buddhist temple. After entering the door, sit down in turn according to seniority and seniority; Dai people think that the threshold is the only way for people and ghosts to pass; You can't use the stool as a pillow, because the stool is only for people to sit on; Don't cross the fire pit with your feet, and don't move the iron tripod used to support the pot in the fire pit at will; When buying food in the street, you can't bargain with your toes; You can't step on the shadows of monks, let alone touch their heads. Dai people think that the head is the leader of people; Go upstairs lightly and don't whistle at night; Don't speak ill of others in public; Women can't go to other people's homes to play after giving birth; There is a funeral at home, and no one is allowed to go to anyone's house without it.
Hani customs and taboos
In Hani Shanzhai, when relatives, friends or guests visit, the host of the family will take the initiative to go out and warmly welcome them and help the guests take down their bags and other things. When guests sit down, if they hand you a full cup or bowl of powdered sugar, it means that they are welcome. If you fill a guest with tea for the first time, it means that he is not welcome; If you only pour a guest half a cup or half a bowl for the first time, it seems that the host is very stingy. When the host pours wine for the guest, he must also pour a cup and take a sip first. Hospitality Hani people will also take out corn, melon seeds, cigarettes and so on to entertain guests. The host family will definitely kill a chicken and cook a pot of chicken porridge with spices such as salt and pepper. Chicken porridge is a necessary dish for Hani people to entertain guests. There are many rules when eating porridge. After sitting, the host gave the chicken head and liver to the guests, and the chicken leg to the children among the guests. Show the host's respect and welcome to the guests. When the guests leave, the host will pack some tea and tobacco for the guests. There must be boiled eggs in the bag, which is the host's blessing to the guests. At the same time, the host's gift to the guest must be wrapped in banana leaves and black cotton thread, which symbolizes the profound friendship between the host and the guest.
Yi people's customs taboo
Avoid playing with your head; Swear in front of everyone; When Yi Jia has a patient, avoid saying things like death or injury; Avoid saying "kill pigs" and say "catch pigs" or "take pigs"; Avoid using praise words such as "fat", "beautiful" and "heavy" for babies; Avoid whistling at night; Don't eat the meat of primates (bears, dogs, monkeys, cats, etc.). ) enter the house and don't eat their meat; No matter men or women, avoid crossing the fire pond; Prohibit women from crossing men; Slaughter goats on the wedding day; Avoid using Artemisia sticks as chopsticks and hitting people; Avoid burning buckwheat in the guest seat; When the burnt buckwheat shell is taken out of the pond, it is strictly forbidden to turn it over immediately and pierce it with a stick. Fasting horses, mules, dogs, monkeys, crows, snakes and frogs; Avoid leaving no meat as a guest; Avoid sending meals to the host; Avoid putting hoes and axes together; Avoid finding a hoe or axe on your shoulder in the house; Pregnant women should avoid combing the bride's hair and sewing her wedding dress.