Toona sinensis, also known as Toona sinensis flower, Toona sinensis head and Toona sinensis bud, belongs to Toona sinensis family. Originally from China, it is a perennial woody vegetable. It is mainly distributed in Shandong, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, northwestern Guangxi, southern Hunan, Sichuan and other provinces, among which Toona sinensis in Taihe, Anhui, Toona sinensis in Moudong, Shandong and Toona sinensis in Jiaozuo, Henan are the most famous. For example, Taihe Toona sinensis was sent to Chang 'an as a tribute as early as the Tang Dynasty. In recent years, Toona sinensis bud is not only a traditional vegetable loved by urban and rural people, but also has entered hotels and guesthouses. At the same time, it is also exported to Southeast Asian countries and is very popular in the international market.

Besides being edible, the leaves, skins, roots and fruits of Toona sinensis have certain medicinal functions. Mash the fresh Toona sinensis head with a little salt and an equal amount of garlic, and apply it to the affected area to cure sores and carbuncle. The young leaves of Toona sinensis, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Maple are divided into equal parts, decocted in water, and the dregs are taken to treat filariasis; Toona sinensis skin is cool, which has the function of clearing heat, drying dampness and stopping bleeding. Xianglingzi is used to treat common cold, gastrointestinal stagnation, abdominal distension and rheumatoid arthritis.

Toona sinensis grows rapidly, its trunk is straight, with no knots and few scars. Its wood is ruddy in color, clear in texture, smooth and beautiful in plane, and fragrant in smell. It enjoys the reputation of "China Redwood" in the international market.

Toona sinensis is a perennial deciduous tree with a height of 10 m. Leaves alternate, odd pinnate compound leaves, 6- 10 pairs of leaflets, with large leaf scars, 40 cm long and 24 cm wide, the leaflets are oblong, pointed, 10- 12 cm long and 4 cm wide, the young leaves are purplish red, the leaves are green, and the back of the leaves is reddish brown and slightly beaten. Panicle terminal, pendulous, bisexual, white, fragrant, small, bell-shaped, ovary conical, 5-loculed, with 3 ovules per locule. Style shorter than ovary, new fruit, narrowly elliptic or nearly elliptic, about 2 cm long, reddish brown, leathery and bell-shaped when mature. It blooms in June, and the fruit matures from 10 to 165438+ 10. Oval shape, long wooden wings, small seeds, low germination rate, high oil content and edible.

Toona sinensis likes temperature, which is suitable for cultivation in areas with average temperature of 8- 10℃, and its cold resistance increases with seedling age. One-year-old seedlings planted directly may be frozen at about-65438 00℃. Toona sinensis likes light and is more resistant to moisture. It is suitable for growing in fertile and moist soil around rivers and houses, and sandy loam is generally better. The suitable soil pH value is pH 5.5-8.0.

There are many varieties of Toona sinensis in China, which can be basically divided into purple Toona sinensis and green Toona sinensis according to the different colors of buds and cotyledons. Purple Toona sinensis includes black Toona sinensis, red Toona sinensis, Jiaozuo Toona sinensis and Ximou Toona sinensis. Green Toona sinensis includes green Toona sinensis and pholiota adiposa. Different varieties of Toona sinensis have different characteristics. The crown of Toona sinensis is generally open, the bark is grayish brown, the spores are purplish brown, the first buds are purplish red, shiny and fragrant, with less fiber and more oil; Toona sinensis, erect crown, blue or greenish brown bark, slightly fragrant and less oily.

Key points of cultivation

(1) culture mode:

① Common cultivation. The propagation of Toona sinensis can be divided into two types: sowing and seedling raising and ramet propagation (also called root tillering propagation).

Because the germination rate of Toona sinensis seeds is low, the seeds should be soaked in warm water at 30-35℃ for 24 hours before sowing, and then placed at 25℃ to accelerate germination. Seeding when radicle comes into contact with rice grains (the lowest ground temperature during sowing is about 5℃). Generally, Shanghai is in the first half of March. After emergence, there are 2-3 true leaf seedlings and 4-5 true leaf seedlings, and the row spacing is 25x 15cm.

For propagation by dividing plants, the root seedlings of adult plants can be dug out in early spring and planted in Miao Di, and then planted when the seedlings grow to about 2 meters in the next year. You can also use the method of cutting roots and tillering. In late winter and early spring, dig a 60-cm-deep annular ditch around the adult trees, cut off some lateral roots, and then fill the ditch. Because the roots of Toona sinensis are easy to produce adventitious roots, new seedlings germinate at the top of the cut roots and can be transplanted the next year.

After Toona sinensis seedlings are bred, they are all planted before germination in early spring. Planting Toona sinensis forest in a large area, with row spacing of 7x5m. The plants planted behind the canal and the house are all in a single row, with a spacing of about 5 meters. Water for 2-3 times after planting to improve the survival rate.

② Dwarfing and close planting. This is a cultivation method developed in recent years. Its seedling raising method is the same as that of common cutting, but it is different in planting density and tree pruning. Generally, about 6000 plants are planted every 666.7 square meters. Tree types are divided into two types: multi-layer type, when the seedling height is 2m, the top is removed, and lateral buds germinate to form three layers of backbone branches, 1 layer is 70cm away from the ground, 2 layers are 60cm away from 1 layer, and 3 layers are 40cm away from 2 layers. There are many such multi-layer trunks.

High yield, complete lignification and stability. Cluster type is to remove the top tip when the seedling height is about 1 m, and Liu Xinfa only picks the tender leaves without picking the top buds, and then wipes his head when the branches grow to 20-30 cm. It is characterized by short trunk and many main branches.

③ Protected cultivation. It can also be divided into two types: one is to close the dwarf Toona sinensis planted in greenhouse (or pipe shed) until mid-June165438+1October (referring to the southern part of North China). The other is to plant 23-year-old seedlings that have passed dormancy in greenhouse (or pipe shed). Indoor (shed) temperature shall be kept at 18-24℃ during the day and not lower than 12℃ at night. After 40-45 days, the young leaves can be eaten.

(2) Management: Although the field management of Toona sinensis is extensive, in order to make it grow fast and yield high, we should also pay attention to fertilization and pest control. If the weather is dry, water it in time; Tilling and loosening the soil every year, it is best to interplant green manure between rows, and turn it into the soil or water human and animal manure in May.

Insect pests include Toona sinensis caterpillar, Anoplophora maculata, grasshopper, etc. Can be controlled by pesticides such as Bacillus borealis; Diseases include leaf rust and powdery mildew. It can be controlled by Bordeaux liquid and sulfur liquid.

(3) Picking: Toona sinensis is cultivated by common cultivation and dwarf close planting, which generally germinates before Tomb-Sweeping Day, and the terminal buds can be picked before and after Grain Rain. This first picking, called the first sprout of Toona sinensis, is not only fat and tender, but also rich in flavor and high in quality. After that, according to the growth situation, pick it for the second time every 15-20 days. The new species of Toona sinensis can be harvested at most twice, and after 3 years, it can be harvested 2-3 times a year, and the output will increase accordingly. As for protected cultivation, it can also be picked by heating in winter. If it is not heated, tree buds can be supplied in advance in early spring.

Nutrition and Edible Toona sinensis head contains extremely rich nutrition. According to the analysis, every 100g of Toona sinensis head contains 9.8g of protein, 0.43mg of calcium and 0.5mg of vitamin, which are among the best in vegetable cultivation. In addition, it also contains phosphorus 135 mg, carotene 1.36 mg, and nutrients such as iron and B vitamins.

Toona sinensis can be eaten raw or processed;

(1) Fresh food:

① Toona sinensis mixed with tofu. 50 grams of tender Toona sinensis and 500 grams of tofu. Seasoning: refined salt, monosodium glutamate and sesame oil.

② Toona sinensis scrambled eggs. Toona sinensis 100g, 5 eggs. Seasoning: peanut oil (or soybean oil) and refined salt.

③ Tofu fried with Toona sinensis. 50 grams of Toona sinensis and 250 grams of tofu. Seasoning: peanut oil (or soybean oil), soy sauce, salt, sugar, monosodium glutamate, fresh soup and water starch.

① Fried Toona sinensis fish. 50g of Toona sinensis, 4-5 pieces of marine fish (hairtail, yellow croaker, etc.). ) and 2 eggs. Seasoning: peanut oil (or soybean oil), pepper and salt.

(2) Processing: The traditional processing method of Chinese toon is pickling, which is called salted toon head. However, due to the high salt content, the original flavor of Toona sinensis was affected. Therefore, in recent years, many processing units have improved their processing technology and developed various new products, such as:

① Dehydrated Toona sinensis buds. It is a kind of rehydration lai, which can be soaked in warm water for half an hour to restore the fresh bud state and can be made into delicacies with chicken, meat and eggs.

② Sweet and sour crispy Toona sinensis buds. This product is soft, sweet and sour, crisp and delicious.

There are also Toona sinensis sauce, Toona sinensis mud, Tofu Tofu and Toona sinensis soaked in oil.

Recommended recipes

Shredded beef with Chinese toon

The raw materials are 250g of fresh Toona sinensis, 200g of beef hind leg meat, 3g of ginger and raw flour10g.

[Seasoning] Vegetable oil, yellow wine, refined salt, sugar, sesame oil and monosodium glutamate are appropriate.

prepare

(1) Fresh Toona sinensis, 5-6 cm long after removing old leaves and black leaves, washed and drained.

(2) De-fasciated beef, cut it into filaments against its silk thread, squeeze out blood, add yellow wine, refined salt, white sugar and appropriate amount of water, and beat it thoroughly in one direction. When the water is absorbed by the shredded pork, add a little water and stir again, add aquatic flour, stir to the highest strength, and put it in the refrigerator 1 hour.

(3) Vegetable oil 100g, cooked, cooled to 60% heat, and fried ginger slices. Stir in a little refined oil (or cooked oil) and pour it into the oil to break up. Pour the shredded beef into a colander to drain the oil after it becomes discolored.

(4) Leave 50 grams of residual oil in the pot, heat it to 70%, add Toona sinensis, add refined salt and white sugar, stir fry over high fire, pour shredded beef into the dish when it is bright green, stir fry, add monosodium glutamate, pour sesame oil, and take out the pot.

Featured Toona sinensis is fresh and tender with shredded pork.