The traditional festivals of Manchu are basically the same as those of Han nationality. It is said that "Manchu and Han customs are different, assimilated for a long time, and there are many similarities" (Volume 98 of Fengtian Tongzhi). However, "the old customs of Manchu and Han are different", and the Manchu New Year Festival has a unique style. Spring Festival: Before the festival, a traditional Manchu pastry, Saqima, should be made, with couplets, window grilles, hanging notes (dividends paid according to the flag, yellow, blue and white) and the word "Fu" (Guaerjia in Liaobinta Village, Xinmin County, Shenyang has a mahogany printing plate with the word "Fu"). Manchu people like to wear leather bags. Before the Spring Festival, as usual, the court will give the princes and ministers a "safe year" purse, and the people will also give each other gifts. On the afternoon of New Year's Eve and the morning of New Year's Day, ancestors are to be sacrificed to heaven. On new year's eve, you should pick up the gods. After receiving God, put a crossbar at the gate to prevent ghosts from coming in. On New Year's Eve, door gods are also hung to ward off evil spirits and ghosts, which is the result of absorbing the customs of the Han nationality. Door gods can be divided into "general door gods", "Fulu door gods", "judge door gods" and "doll door gods". Today, there is a palace keeper in Shenyang Forbidden City. On New Year's Eve, the "imperial edict paper" is distributed, and then the younger generation of men go to various families in the family to "resign". At midnight on New Year's Eve, everyone eats jiaozi and even puts a few coppers in the jiaozi. People who eat it will be "lucky in the end" Set off firecrackers when accepting God's resignation. On New Year's Eve, a lantern pole is erected in every yard, with red light hanging high. From New Year's Eve to the sixth day, it doesn't go out every night. In the court, the "sky lantern" is hung on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month and lit every night until February 3rd of the following year. New Year's Day: commonly known as New Year's Day, people get up early, put on new clothes and congratulate each other on the New Year, which is called "New Year's greetings". Lantern Festival: Also known as Lantern Festival, on the 15th day of the first month, Manchu people not only play lanterns, but also make "ice lanterns". Leave the light on for three days. Shenyang City held a lantern market in Siping Street (now Middle Street). Merchants prefabricated lanterns and hung them at the door. There are people, melons, animals, fish and crabs, lanterns. Poor workers have superb skills and amazing horns. There are also dramas such as dragon lanterns, lions, stilts, dry boats, yangko and lanterns. Scholars and women swim around and fill the streets. "On February 2nd, the dragon looks up": On this day, Manchu people have the custom of "attracting dragons". They used plant ash to spread it from the water tank to the well, and the gray road was winding like a dragon. Then, in order to ensure good weather, a sacrifice was held in the yard. Dragon Boat Festival: Dragon Boat Festival in early May, commonly known as May Festival. Manchu Dragon Boat Festival is intended to avoid epidemic and prevent epidemic, not to commemorate Qu Yuan. At noon, insert mugwort leaves in front of the house, and each person wears a purse with realgar noodles inside to eliminate disasters but kill viruses. In the early morning, people go to the countryside in groups of three to five to "step on dew", wash their faces and hands with dew, and take a sip of stream water, which means that eye diseases, sores and stomachaches can be avoided. Eating boiled eggs in the morning is not a "bitter summer". It reflects the desire of Manchu people to kill insects and prevent diseases. Big sacrifice: There is no fixed date for big sacrifice. Rich Manchu families in Shenyang once a year, and poor families once every three to five years. It is usually held in the twelfth lunar month and lasts for three days. On the first day of ancestor worship, I kowtowed in the morning to kill the sacrifice, and carried a lantern at night. The next day, people offered sacrifices to heaven, also known as "external sacrifices" and "vertical pole sacrifices", kowtowed to kill animals and ate "small meat rice" and "big meat", commonly known as "hairy meat". On the third day, the Buddha's mother was worshipped, that is, the god of "carrying lanterns", but "carrying lanterns" was for gratitude, and this kind of worship was for the prosperity of future generations and the safety of the population. Laba porridge: Laba porridge originated from Buddhism, and Laba porridge is also called Buddha porridge. Manchu accepted this custom long ago. From the court down to the people, Laba porridge is cooked every year, including yellow rice, glutinous rice, red beans, mung beans, soybeans, jujubes and chestnuts. Porridge, a family eats together and prays for a bumper harvest. Manchu-forbidden Manchu people avoid hurting crows, magpies and dogs, and have the custom of worshipping crows, magpies and dogs. Don't beat and kill dogs, don't eat dog meat, and don't wear dog skin. In mourning, men do not shave their heads, women do not wear flowers, and they do not wear red for three years. Manchu people regard the Western Wall as a sacred place to worship their ancestors, and are not allowed to hang clothes and paste New Year pictures here. Xikang, commonly known as "Fokang", has an "ancestor board". It is forbidden for people, especially women, to sit and lie down casually. At ordinary times, Xikang does not allow guests to rest, and it is not allowed to put dog skin hats or whips here. Avoid beating, killing and eating dog meat; Guests who don't wear a dog skin hat or a dog skin mattress are forbidden to wear a dog skin hat or a dog skin sleeve. Don't cross the tripod of the stove and fireplace, don't trample or sit down on the stove or fireplace at will; Do not bake feet, socks, shoes and boots on the stove mouth or pond; It is forbidden to throw leftover food, bones, fishbones, etc. Put it in a cooker or fireplace. Manchu-Religion Manchu people believe in Buddhism and Shamanism. Buddha box, ancestor board, ancestor frame, batten, etc. Are enshrined in Manchu families. In the central courtyard of Manchu family, a six-foot-high statue stands in front of the door. The top of the pole is a weathered copper top, wrapped in a piece of red cloth, and there are three stones at the root of the pole, commonly known as "sacred stones". Legend has it that these are for Nuerhachi's sacrifice. Manchu people regard crows as "gods" and worship them as "sacred birds and holy crows". When offering sacrifices, the collarbone of the pig should be hung on a pole for the crow to eat as a symbol of offering sacrifices to the crow. Original belief: Manchu people used to believe in respecting dogs, not killing dogs, not eating dog meat, visiting Manchu people, and not wearing dog skin hats on Xikeng, because Manchu people often worship their ancestors at Xikang, taking Beikang as their husband and Xikang as their price. Shamanism: Shamanism advocates animism and takes shaman as the messenger of human spiritual exchange. The gods worshipped are natural gods (such as mountain gods), animal gods (such as King Ma), ancestor gods and human gods (such as Guan Di). Later, although Manchu believed in Buddhism, shaman sacrifices were not abolished, and shaman sacrifices also included Buddhist gods. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China in the early Qing Dynasty, offering sacrifices to the gods. "At the beginning of Shunzhi, there were clouds, rain, wind and thunder, which matched the dome. Yanjian Temple of Heaven is located in the south of Xiannongtan, and it is dedicated to it. In the sixth year of Yongzheng, the Wind Hall was built. " The objects of these sacrifices, such as heaven, earth, clouds, rain, wind and thunder, are all natural gods, which are obviously the embodiment of shamanism. "The method of jumping out of god, Chu Xiao sheng, reciter called" sama ". Until Jiaqing, people who jumped into the sky rarely used Samar, but his sacrifice was never in vain. " Sama here is a shaman, that is, a professional wizard. It shows that shamanism was popular before Jiaqing and occupied a dominant position in Manchu religious beliefs. It is more expensive to the west of Manchu. Generally, Manchu families dispose of a wooden frame, called ancestor board, at the height of the west pit wall of Westinghouse, and provide a wooden box with genealogy, sacred books, gods' dolls and sacrificial rules. Every family sacrifice, this is the place where the throne is hung. The ancestor worship card embodies the Manchu concept of ancestor worship. Tibetan Buddhism: Manchu also believes in Buddhism. Due to historical reasons, the position of Mongolians in the Qing Dynasty was second only to that of Manchu, and Manchu and Mongolians were allowed to intermarry. Therefore, Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism) believed by Mongols was soon introduced into Manchu. In addition, Buddhism spread in Han dynasty also had an influence on Manchu. Few Manchu people believe in Buddhism and become monks, and many believers study Buddhism at home. Worship Buddha, Guanyin Bodhisattva and other Buddhist gods, build Buddhist temples such as Guanyin Pavilion and go to Buddhist temples to worship Buddha and burn incense, and even change locks. As mentioned above, Buddhist gods have also been included in shaman ceremonies, and even children have been named "Guanyin Bao" and "Bodhisattva Bao", which shows the depth and breadth of their Buddhist beliefs. Just like us, call me if you have any questions.