The temperature can reach above 900 degrees Celsius, which is enough to make aluminosilicate in clay lose its bound water and recrystallize into hard and high-density pottery. As early as 20,000 years ago, pottery utensils were gradually made: kitchen utensils that can heat liquid ingredients appeared, and cooking ingredients later appeared in human recipes, which significantly improved the utilization rate of ingredients, allowing women to raise babies with liquid food, greatly improving the survival rate of newborn babies and enhancing the human capital of all social development.
If firewood is placed in a naturally ventilated stove, the flame at 1 100 degrees Celsius will exceed the melting points of copper, tin and lead. Metallurgical industry is a symbol of human behavior entering civilization, which first appeared in fertile crescent and two river basins in ancient Egypt. Bronze technology, together with wheat, wheat seeds, sheep, cattle and horses domesticated by Alawa people, spread to the surrounding areas and finally reached the Far East, becoming the wealth of all civilized behaviors in the Old World.
As mentioned in the previous variety show, iron with carbon content can only be melted above 1400 degrees Celsius, and the melting point of pure iron reaches 1538 degrees Celsius. Only by burning firewood first and then cooperating with an ironmaking blast furnace with a fan can it be melted. This technology first appeared in China, but it was not until 1.709 that Britain dealt with the problem of coal flue gas desulfurization, and in Thailand, 1.784.
The coke blast furnace can reach 2000 degrees Celsius. In order to get a high temperature above 2500 degrees Celsius in the natural environment open to the outside world, we must find something new: hydrogen-oxygen flame can cause a high temperature above 2570 degrees Celsius, causing a completely transparent to light blue flame, while the relative density of hydrogen is extremely low, so it is very common in aviation rockets; 20% of acetylene gas in the world is cut by thermal laser, and its ignition temperature in oxygen can reach 3330 degrees Celsius, which is enough to melt all common metal materials.
In addition, the ignition of dicyanoacetylene gas in oxygen reaches the extremely high temperature of chemical change, 4990 degrees Celsius, which is enough to melt all known chemicals under natural pressure. If we leave the limitation of chemical changes, the synthetic high temperature will enter a broad new world: gas is an excellent conductor and insulator, but it will also be avalanche-broken under the extremely high working voltage of 30KV/cm, becoming a conductive plasma technology and a blazing arc.
According to this basic principle, even the cheapest manual arc welding can easily reach 6000 degrees Celsius, instantly melting or even vaporizing the stainless steel plate for welding; In low-temperature plasma arc welding, the thermal flame emitted by β -rays exceeds 28,000 degrees Celsius, which is higher than the temperature of lightning. In addition, human beings also achieved a more terrible ultra-high temperature in the war:1from August 6 to 9, 945, two nuclear bombs were dropped in the air in Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Japan, and their critical temperatures were between/kloc-0 and 5 million. Coupled with the shock wave and radiation generated by the explosion, 600,000 people were killed.
Within ten years, 1 March, 9541day, the first actual hydrogen bomb Bravo Castle exploded successfully in Bikini Atoll. Its dosage is10.5 million tons, and the temperature in the management center reaches 350 million, creating the highest temperature in planets of the solar system so far. The giant mushroom cloud rushed to the top of the ionosphere of 7.2km in about 1 second, and then rushed to the tropopause of 40km in ten minutes. 18,000 square kilometers of China Pacific Ocean has no livelihood, and the indigenous people of Bikini Atoll have no livelihood so far.
The great lethality of nuclear bombs comes from the great potential of atoms bound by strong interactions. 1957, the first generation fission nuclear power plant was put into operation and gradually used for friendship work. But until today, the controllable thermonuclear reaction only stays in the basic theoretical link, because everyone can't control the hundreds of millions of degrees of high temperature that nuclear reactions must have.
It is a popular alternative to suppress inertial force after laser pulse focusing. Therefore, Sandia National Laboratory developed and designed the most powerful high-frequency radio wave generator in the world-Z pulse power supply equipment, which can generate an extremely high temperature of 2 billion degrees Celsius, reaching the critical temperature when a massive planet is about to die. But this is not the highest temperature that human beings can create: Brookhaven National Laboratory of the American Nuclear Energy Federation has the only proton collider with magnetic moment polarization-the quantum theory heavy ion collider.
It can accelerate the random atoms on the element table to the quantum theoretical rate, and the kinetic energy generated by the collision is equivalent to the blackbody radiation of 1 trillion degrees Celsius, which is three times the limit temperature of neutron star combination. The resort of high-energy physics, the wisdom of all mankind, the origin of the Internet, and by far the larger particle physics laboratory, the European Nuclear Research Center, has a horrible large and medium-sized Hadron Collider.
Part of its kinetic energy generated in the rigorous daily task of finding the Higgs boson is equivalent to the blackbody radiation of 10 trillion degrees Celsius, in other words, the temperature of the universe after expansion is one ten thousandth of a second.