Dietary changes during weaning are very important. The best weaning period should be decided according to the baby's own situation. Generally speaking, the age of 8 ~ 12 months is the suitable period for complete weaning. There needs to be a transition period before weaning. You can't stop breastfeeding suddenly without learning to eat other foods. There must be food transition to avoid feeding difficulties and psychological harm to children. If it happens to be summer, it is best to avoid hot weather; If the baby is sick (such as pneumonia, digestive tract diseases, etc.). ), you should wait until you are well weaned; This is a step-by-step process, and the baby needs a certain amount of time to adapt, and gradually transition to a normal diet on the basis of adding complementary food.
Nutritional problems in this period have a great influence on children's growth and development. If you don't master it well, you will have malnutrition or indigestion after weaning. Therefore, we must pay attention to the nutritional problems of children after weaning and ensure the comprehensiveness of various nutrients.
Babies should follow the following principles when adding transitional food (complementary food)
Add only one new food at a time, from less to more, from thin to thick, from fine to coarse, step by step. Starting from a paste-like food rich in iron mud, such as iron fortified baby rice noodles and minced meat, the types of food are gradually increased, and gradually transition to semi-solid or solid foods, such as rotten noodles, minced meat, broken vegetables and fruit granules. Every time a new food is introduced, it should be adapted for 2 ~ 3 days, and closely observe whether there are any adverse reactions such as vomiting, diarrhea and rash. After adapting to one food, add other new foods. Generally, the time to add new complementary food is in the morning, which is convenient for observing the baby's reaction.
Supplementary food suitable for infants and young children shall meet the following conditions
Rich in energy and protein, iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin A and other nutrients; No salt, sugar or other irritating condiments; The texture is suitable for infants of different ages; Babies like it; Local production, reasonable price, affordable for families. Such as locally produced fish, meat, poultry, eggs, fresh vegetables and fruits. As a complementary food for infants, it should be safe, high-quality and fresh, but there is no need to pursue high prices and rarity.
Babies need four kinds of nutrition every day: calories.
The baby's growth and development speed gradually slows down, so the demand for heat energy does not increase much. For 1 ~ 3 years old, it is enough to ensure that the baby consumes 1 000 ~ 1 300 calories every day, of which 25% ~ 30% is fat and 50% is carbohydrate. Whether the baby consumes enough heat energy can be measured by the development of height and weight. Insufficient heat energy, the baby will be thin and will get sick; Excessive calories can lead to abnormal weight gain.
Demand 2: protein
1 ~ 3 years old is a critical period for brain development, and muscles and internal organs also develop rapidly, so the baby's body has a great demand for protein. The daily food should include 35 ~ 45g of high-quality protein, weighing about 3.2g per kilogram, of which at least half should be animal protein.
Requirement 3: Minerals
Calcium, iron and zinc are essential minerals in the baby's growth and development process, but they are easy to be lacking, so Mabao should consciously supplement the baby in his daily diet.
① Calcium: 65,438+0-2 years old, the daily calcium requirement is 600 mg, and that of 3 years old is 800 mg. You can't get enough calcium from food, so you should supplement your baby with 100 ~ 200mg of calcium every day.
② Iron: The baby grows rapidly, and the amount of hemoglobin in the body increases, so it is necessary to take more iron, otherwise it will lead to iron deficiency anemia. The daily iron requirement of 65,438+0 ~ 3 years old infants is 65,438+00 mg.
③ Zinc: Zinc deficiency will lead to stunting and short stature, and also affect intellectual development. Baby's daily demand for zinc is 10 mg.
Requirement 4: Vitamins
Insufficient vitamin intake will lead to many diseases, such as vitamin A deficiency will lead to decreased immune function and dysplasia; Vitamin d deficiency can cause rickets; Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency has certain influence on intellectual development. Therefore, Ma Bao's recipes for babies should be rich and varied, so that the baby's vitamin intake is sufficient and balanced.
Babies' demand for vitamins A and D is much higher than that of adults. In order to meet the growth and development needs of infants, we should pay attention to the daily nutritional intake of vitamins A and D. Both basic research and clinical research show that vitamin A and vitamin D have a certain synergistic effect on the prevention and treatment of diseases. For example, in anti-infection, promoting bone development, improving iron deficiency anemia, inhibiting cancer and so on. The occurrence of diabetes is also negatively correlated with vitamin A and vitamin D levels. So vitamins a and d can be supplemented together.
The baby's daily diet must be 1. Milk or dairy products: including cheese, yogurt, etc. , you can supplement your baby with calories, protein, vitamins and minerals. Experts suggest feeding your baby about 400 ~ 500ml of formula milk or milk every day.
2. Cereals and root foods: including rice, various flours, cereals, potatoes or sweet potatoes, to provide enough calories, protein, vitamins and cellulose for the baby.
3. Meat, fish, eggs and bean products: These foods are rich in nutrients, protein, vitamins and minerals.
Fruits and vegetables: They contain many vitamins and minerals, as well as a lot of dietary fiber.
A diet suitable for weaned babies
1. Increase swallowing complementary food.
Baby rice noodles 25g of iron-containing baby rice noodles are scooped into a bowl; Pour100 ml warm water at about 60℃ into a bowl, stir it into a paste, and let it cool. Baby rice flour is rich in protein, fat, dietary fiber, DHA, calcium, iron and other nutrients, which is a supplement to breast milk and formula milk to meet the needs of baby growth.
Add the auxiliary food mashed potatoes and broccoli for wriggling and chewing.
30 grams of potatoes and 50 grams of broccoli. Washing potatoes, steaming, peeling, and pulverizing; Wash broccoli, blanch tender flowers with boiling water and mash; Then stir the mashed potatoes and broccoli evenly. Broccoli is rich in vitamin C and carotene, which is not only beneficial to the baby's physical growth and development, but also protects his eyesight. Potatoes are rich in starch, and the combination of them can enhance the baby's immunity.
Flower tofu
Tofu, vegetables, eggs, salt. Take a piece of tofu half the size of an egg, cook it with fire and grind it; 5-8 leaves of Chinese cabbage (rape or Chinese cabbage) are taken, washed, blanched with boiling water and chopped; Boil an egg and take out the yolk for later use; Mix tofu and vegetables together, add proper amount of salt, grind egg yolk and sprinkle it on it; Steam for 5-8 minutes when eating. Be careful not to overcook tofu, and don't replace vegetables with spinach. Tofu is rich in high-quality protein and appropriate proportion of calcium, which is beneficial to baby's absorption and can promote baby's bone development.
Salmon soup
Salmon 1, laver, tofu, salt. Wash salmon and cut into pieces, and wash tofu and cut into pieces; Put the pot on fire, add water to boil, add salmon pieces and blanch for two minutes; Take out the salmon pieces, put them in another pot, add a little water, then add seaweed, tofu pieces and salt, cook for 2 minutes, and finally sprinkle with chopped green onion. Salmon is warm, has the function of warming the stomach, is very suitable for eating in winter, and is rich in calcium, which helps to strengthen bones, and DHA helps to strengthen the brain.
Fruit lotus root porridge
Apple 1/4, or half a banana, or half a kiwi, choose one. Chop the fruit; The bottle cap is used as a metering device, calculated according to water-bottle cap and lotus root powder-half bottle cap, and modulated according to children's food intake; Cook the prepared lotus root starch with medium heat, and add the fruit to cook it slightly before taking out the pot. Pay attention to natural cooling, it will become thinner if it is stirred too much; This porridge is ready to eat. Can supplement vitamins.
Seafood omelet
A small piece of fish or shrimp 1, eggs 1, a small piece of onion. Boning fish or peeling shrimp, and chopping into mud; Beat an egg evenly and use it according to your baby's appetite; Chop onions; Mix the above raw materials together for later use. Put butter in a pot, spread the above spare materials into small round cakes and coat them with tomato sauce. Pay attention to low-heat pancakes, eat them now and cook them now. Can complement protein.