primary device
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An indoor greenhouse cultivation device comprises a planting box, a water supply system, a temperature control system, an auxiliary lighting system and a humidity control system; The planting groove is arranged at the bottom of the window or made into a screen for planting plants; The water supply system automatically supplies water in a timely and proper amount; The temperature control system includes an exhaust fan, a hot fan, a temperature sensor and a constant temperature control box to adjust the temperature in time; The auxiliary lighting system includes plant lights and reflectors, which are installed around the planting trough to provide lighting when there is no sunshine, so that plants can carry out photosynthesis and present beautiful landscapes through the refraction of light; Humidity control system cooperates with exhaust fan to adjust humidity and reduce indoor temperature.
2.5 mm thick greenhouse hollow board
Greenhouse is a building with lighting covering material as all or part of the envelope structure material, which can be used to cultivate plants in winter or other seasons that are not suitable for outdoor plants.
Classification of greenhouse function According to the final use function of greenhouse, it can be divided into productive greenhouse, experimental (educational) greenhouse and commercial greenhouse that allows the public to enter. Vegetable cultivation greenhouses, flower cultivation greenhouses and breeding greenhouses are all productive greenhouses. Artificial climate room and greenhouse laboratory belong to experimental (educational) greenhouses; All kinds of ornamental greenhouses, retail greenhouses and wholesale greenhouses are commercial greenhouses.
Main fittings
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Greenhouse? [1] The main accessories are: greenhouse connecting pipe, greenhouse coping spring, greenhouse film pressing groove (clamping groove), greenhouse film pressing spring (clamping spring), greenhouse sheath, greenhouse film pressing card, greenhouse diagonal brace, greenhouse U-shaped card, greenhouse clamp, greenhouse fixer, greenhouse connector, greenhouse film pressing line, greenhouse door, greenhouse film winder and greenhouse film winding rod.
quality management
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With the continuous progress of society, the traditional agricultural production mode can no longer meet the needs of the development of modern civilization, and the new type of facility agriculture is sought after by people in the industry. The so-called agricultural equipment, in fact, is mainly greenhouse facilities, not limited by time and space, and can be used for agricultural production in special environments such as plateau, mountain and desert.
China is a big agricultural country, with farmers accounting for more than half of the total population. The application space of agricultural innovation is infinite, and the agricultural equipment industry moves from behind the scenes to the front. Throughout the domestic greenhouse industry, large, medium and small enterprises are uneven, and the quality of greenhouse projects that land is naturally different.
In order to make institutions interested in developing facility agriculture better choose greenhouse project service providers, the greenhouse industry has been systematically investigated. The quality control of greenhouse projects is mainly divided into four aspects: material control, technical control, construction control and after-sales control.
As the source of the greenhouse project, we must first choose the right materials to ensure the quality of the project. For example, the steel components used in greenhouse projects are derusted to obtain high-quality steel products. After hot plating in a professional galvanizing plant, it will be inspected by the quality inspection department, and it will be transported to the construction site for use only after passing the inspection.
Technical control
The project team has professional designers. Before each project starts, the greenhouse project manager will conduct detailed project training for the engineers and technicians, discuss the difficulties and key points of the project, and take precautions against the error-prone places in advance, so that the engineers and technicians can know well before the project starts and implement it according to the scheduled plan and steps after the project starts, which effectively avoids the mistakes in the construction process and ensures the implementation quality of the whole project.
Construction process control
Every greenhouse project should be equipped with professional technical engineers to serve the whole construction process during the project implementation. Ensure that the construction personnel strictly follow the drawings and specifications.
In addition, the quality of project implementation varies widely, and the overall quality control is mainly in the above four aspects. ? [2-3]?
Ventilation management
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Ventilation management in greenhouse in spring
First of all, the size of the air outlet varies with the camber.
The size of tuyere in spring can't be completely defined by a certain data, because the structure of greenhouse is different, and the time and speed of cooling are different. In the greenhouse with large camber, due to the proper camber of the shed surface, the hot air flow is easy to be discharged along the upper part of the shed membrane, and even if the air outlet is small, good ventilation effect can be achieved. However, the low-rise old shed with long planting period has small camber, flat shed surface, slow exhaust of hot air from the air outlet and high temperature in the shed. Under normal circumstances, such a greenhouse will open the top air outlet to 40 cm wide, just like a greenhouse with a high height and a large arch opening to 30 cm.
Second, pay more attention to ventilation at different times in spring.
After opening the shed 1 hour in the morning, open the upper air inlet for about 3-5 cm to release a small wind, discharge the moisture in the shed, and supplement the carbon dioxide in the shed at the same time, so as to supplement the raw materials for the smooth photosynthesis. When the greenhouse temperature rises above 28℃, gradually open the air outlet to keep the temperature in the greenhouse below 33℃ (cucumber, towel gourd and other warm-loving vegetables).
Third, there are many strong winds in spring, so pay attention to wind prevention at the air outlet.
It is best to increase the density of the ventilation rope, and it is best to use a wide cloth strip with high friction for the ventilation rope. This kind of cloth has high friction when tying slipknot to fix the shed film, and the slipknot is not easy to be blown loose by strong wind. Many vegetable farmers want to use nylon rope as windbreak rope conveniently. Because of the low friction, vegetable farmers should appropriately increase the density of nylon windbreak rope and fix it to prevent the tuyere from being blown by the wind. At the same time, vegetable farmers should pay attention to check at any time in windy weather to prevent the wind rope from loosening and the tuyere from closing. ? [4]?
Structural tube
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1, hot-dip galvanized steel pipe structure: hot-dip galvanized pipe is used to melt gold.
Pipes for greenhouse construction. Hot-dip galvanized steel pipes
It is an alloy layer produced by reaction with iron matrix, which combines the matrix with the coating. The hot-dip galvanized pipe supplied by Tianjin Longfei Pipe Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is first pickled. In order to remove iron oxide from the surface of steel pipe, it is washed in the tank of ammonium chloride or zinc chloride aqueous solution or mixed aqueous solution of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride after pickling, and then sent to the hot dip plating tank. Hot dip galvanizing has the advantages of uniform coating, strong adhesion and long service life. Complex physical and chemical reactions occur between the matrix of hot-dip galvanized steel pipe and molten plating solution, forming a zinc-iron alloy layer with compact structure and corrosion resistance. The alloy layer is integrated with the pure zinc layer and the steel pipe matrix. Therefore, it has strong corrosion resistance.
2. galvanized sheet pipe structure: galvanized sheet pipe adjusts the production process of hot-dip galvanized pipe. Firstly, the strip steel used for manufacturing pipelines is pickled to remove iron oxide on the surface of the strip steel. Then air-dried and made into tubes. It has the advantages of uniform and bright coating and less zinc plating, which is lower than the cost of producing hot dip galvanized pipes. Its corrosion resistance is slightly worse than that of hot galvanized pipe!
3. Difference
Trait differences:
Hot dip galvanized pipe: 1) Weight: 6 meters long and 6.5 kilograms; 2) Strong corrosion resistance, long service life and slightly higher price;
Galvanized flat pipe: 1) weight: 6 meters long and 5.5 kilograms; 2) Strong corrosion resistance, slightly poor service life, shorter service life than hot galvanized steel pipe, and economical price.
Appearance difference:
1) The hot-dip galvanized pipe is snow white, but dull and non-reflective, with many snowflakes on the surface and zinc nodules (concentrated zinc) at both ends.
2) The galvanized flat pipe is bright and reflective, with few snowflakes, and both ends are clean and free of zinc knots.
Performance index
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Light transmission quality
Greenhouse is a lighting building, so the light transmittance is the most basic index to evaluate the light transmittance of greenhouse. Light transmittance refers to the percentage of the amount of light penetrating into the greenhouse and the amount of outdoor light. The light transmittance of greenhouse is influenced by the light transmittance of light-transmitting covering materials and the shadow ratio of greenhouse skeleton, and changes with the different solar radiation angles in different seasons. The light transmittance in greenhouse has become a direct factor affecting crop growth and crop variety selection. Generally, the light transmittance of multi-span plastic greenhouses is 50%~60%, glass greenhouses are 60%~70%, and solar greenhouses can reach more than 70%.
thermal insulation
The energy consumption of heating in winter is the main obstacle to the operation of greenhouse. Improving the thermal insulation performance of greenhouse and reducing energy consumption are the most direct means to improve the production efficiency of greenhouse. The heat preservation rate of greenhouse is a basic index to measure the heat preservation performance of greenhouse. The heat preservation rate of greenhouse refers to the ratio of the coverage area of transparent material with low thermal resistance to the sum of the coverage area of greenhouse envelope with high thermal resistance. The greater the insulation ratio, the better the insulation performance of the greenhouse.
The heat preservation performance of greenhouse is very good, and the heating energy consumption is the main obstacle to the operation of greenhouse in winter. Improving the thermal insulation performance of greenhouse and reducing energy consumption is the best way to improve the production efficiency of greenhouse. ? [2]?
keep patience
The durability of greenhouse structure must be considered. The durability of greenhouse is affected by the aging resistance of greenhouse materials and the bearing capacity of greenhouse main structure. In addition to its own strength, the durability of light-transmitting materials is also manifested in the continuous attenuation of light transmittance over time, and the attenuation degree of light transmittance is a decisive factor affecting the service life of light-transmitting materials. The service life of general steel greenhouses is more than 15 years. The design wind and snow load requires the maximum load once every 25 years; The service life of simple greenhouse with bamboo and wood structure is 5~ 10 years, and the design wind and snow load is 15 maximum load.
Due to the long-term operation of greenhouse in high temperature and high humidity environment, the surface corrosion protection of components has become one of the important factors affecting the service life of greenhouse. In steel greenhouse, the main structure is generally made of thin-walled steel, which has poor corrosion resistance. The hot-dip galvanized surface must be used for anticorrosion treatment in the greenhouse, and the coating thickness can reach more than 150~200 microns, which can guarantee the service life of 15 years. For greenhouses with wood structure or welded steel truss structure, surface treatment should be guaranteed once a year.
Greenhouse application
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Internet of things technology
In fact, the Internet of Things technology is the aggregation and comprehensive application of various sensing technologies, modern network technologies, artificial intelligence and automation technologies. In the greenhouse environment, a single greenhouse can become the measurement control area of wireless sensor networks by using the Internet of Things technology. Different sensor nodes and nodes with simple actuators, such as fans, low-voltage motors, valves and other actuators with low working current, form a wireless network to measure humidity, composition, pH value, temperature, air humidity, air pressure, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and so on. And then automatically adjust the greenhouse environment and control irrigation through model analysis.
For agricultural parks with greenhouses, the Internet of Things can also realize automatic information detection and control. By providing wireless sensor nodes, each wireless sensor node can monitor various environmental parameters. By receiving the data sent by wireless sensor nodes and storing, displaying and managing the data, the information of all basic test points can be obtained, managed, analyzed and processed, and displayed to users in various greenhouses in the form of intuitive charts and curves. At the same time, it can provide all kinds of acousto-optic alarm information and short message alarm information according to the needs of planting plants, and realize intensive and networked remote management of greenhouses.
In addition, the Internet of Things technology can be applied to different stages of greenhouse production. When the greenhouse is ready to be put into production, by arranging various sensors in the greenhouse, the environmental information inside the greenhouse can be analyzed in real time, so that the varieties suitable for planting can be better selected. In the production stage, employees can collect various information such as temperature and humidity in the greenhouse with the help of the Internet of Things technology to realize fine management. For example, they can perceive and control the opening and closing time of the sunshade according to the information such as temperature and illumination in the greenhouse, and can adjust the starting time of the heating system according to the collected temperature information. After the product is harvested, we can also use the information collected by the Internet of Things to analyze the performance of plants in different stages and environmental factors, and feed it back to the next round of production, so as to achieve more accurate management and obtain better products.
Main types
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Plastic greenhouse
Large-scale multi-span plastic greenhouse is a type of greenhouse that has appeared and developed rapidly in recent ten years. Compared with glass greenhouse, it has the advantages of light weight, less amount of skeleton materials, low shading rate of structural parts, low cost and long service life. Its environmental control ability can basically reach the same level as that of glass greenhouse, and the user acceptance ability of plastic greenhouse is much higher than that of glass greenhouse all over the world, which has become the mainstream of modern greenhouse development. ? [5]?
Plastic greenhouse structure
1. Overall dimensions of plastic greenhouse
This kind of greenhouse has different structural dimensions in different countries. But generally speaking, the greenhouse span is 6~ 12m, the bay is about 4m, and the eaves are 3~4m high. In a naturally ventilated multi-span greenhouse, when the side window and the roof window are used together, the maximum width of the greenhouse should be limited to less than 50m, preferably about 30m; In a multi-span greenhouse with mechanical ventilation, the maximum width of the greenhouse can be expanded to 60m, but it is best to limit it to about 50m; For the greenhouse length, it is best to limit it to 100m (from the point of view of convenient operation), but there is no strict requirement.
2. Main structure
The main structure of plastic greenhouse generally adopts hot-dip galvanized steel pipe, which is manufactured in the factory and installed on site. Because the plastic shed itself is light in weight and weak in resistance to wind and snow load, the overall stability of the structure should be fully considered. Generally, vertical diagonal braces should be set in the second span or the second bay indoors, and the necessary space support should also be considered for the greenhouse outer envelope and roof. It is best to anchor the diagonal brace (diagonal tie rod) on the foundation to form a spatial stress system.
The main structure of plastic greenhouse must have at least 8 levels of wind resistance, which is generally required to reach 10 level.
The snow load carrying capacity of the main structure should be determined according to the actual snowfall conditions in the construction area and the winter use of the greenhouse. When used in the north, the design snow load should not be less than 0.35kN/ m2.
For plastic greenhouses that run all the year round, many load factors such as equipment weight, plant hanging weight, maintenance and so on should also be considered.
glass greenhouse
Glass greenhouse is a greenhouse with glass as transparent covering material.
design requirements
Foundation design should not only meet the strength requirements, but also have sufficient stability and the ability to resist uneven settlement. The foundation connected with the support between columns should also have sufficient horizontal force transfer and spatial stability. The bottom of the greenhouse should be below the frozen soil layer, and the influence of heating on the freezing depth of the foundation can be considered according to the climate and soil conditions. Generally, the bottom of the foundation should be more than 0.5m below the outdoor ground, and the distance between the top of the foundation and the outdoor ground should be more than 0. 1m, so as to prevent the bare foundation from adversely affecting the cultivation. Except for special requirements, the distance between the top surface of greenhouse foundation and indoor ground should be greater than 0.4m ..
Independent foundation. Reinforced concrete is usually used.
Strip foundation. Masonry structure (brick, stone) is usually adopted, and site masonry is also adopted for construction. Reinforced concrete ring beams are often set at the top of the foundation to install embedded parts and increase the strength of the foundation.
Steel structure mainly includes: greenhouse load-bearing structure and supports, connectors, solid parts and so on to ensure structural stability.
The steel structure design of glass greenhouse in China mainly refers to the greenhouse design codes of Holland, Japan and America. However, structural strength, structural stiffness, structural integrity and structural durability must be considered in the design.
Solar greenhouse
Single-slope plastic greenhouses with front slopes covered with insulation at night and retaining walls on the east, west and north sides are collectively called solar greenhouses. Its prototype is a single-slope glass greenhouse, and the transparent covering material on the front slope is replaced by plastic film, which has evolved into an early solar greenhouse. Solar greenhouse has the characteristics of good thermal insulation, low investment and energy saving, which is very suitable for underdeveloped rural areas in China.
Solar greenhouse performance
The light transmittance of energy-saving solar greenhouse is generally above 60%~80%, and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor can be kept above 2 1~25℃.
1. Daylighting in solar greenhouse
On the one hand, solar radiation is the most important energy to maintain the temperature or heat balance of solar greenhouse; On the other hand, solar radiation is the only light source for crop photosynthesis.
2. Solar greenhouse insulation
The thermal insulation of solar greenhouse consists of two parts: thermal insulation enclosure structure and movable thermal insulation quilt. The thermal insulation material of the front slope should be made of flexible materials, so that it can be put away after sunrise and put down at sunset.
The research and development of new thermal insulation materials for front roof mainly focuses on the requirements of convenient mechanized operation, low price, light weight, aging resistance and waterproof.
Solar greenhouse is mainly composed of enclosure wall, back roof and front roof, referred to as "three elements". The front roof is the whole lighting surface of the greenhouse, which is only covered with plastic film during the day. When the outdoor light is weakened, plastic film should be covered in time to strengthen the heat preservation of the greenhouse.
Ethylene tunnel
Structure of plastic greenhouse
Temperature and light characteristics of plastic greenhouse
Plastic greenhouse can make full use of solar energy and has a certain heat preservation function. The temperature and humidity in the greenhouse can be adjusted within a certain range by rolling the film.
Plastic greenhouse in northern China: early spring and late autumn mainly play the role of heat preservation cultivation, which can be 30~50 days earlier in spring and 20~25 days later in autumn, so it is impossible to carry out overwintering cultivation. Southern China: In addition to the warm-keeping and overwintering cultivation of vegetables and flowers (leafy vegetables) in winter and spring, it can also be replaced with a sunshade for shading and cooling, rain, wind and hail in summer and autumn.
Generally, plastic greenhouses are not heated indoors, but rely on the greenhouse effect to store heat. The lowest temperature is generally higher than the outdoor temperature 1~2℃, and the average temperature is 3~ 10℃.
The light transmittance of plastic greenhouses is generally 60%~75%. In order to ensure the basic balance of the average light throughout the day, the plane layout of greenhouses mostly adopts the form of extending from north to south.
Plastic greenhouse is an unheated single-span arched roof greenhouse with plastic film as covering material.
The characteristics of plastic greenhouse are: simple construction, convenient use and low investment. It is a simple protective cultivation facility. With the development of plastic industry, it has been widely used by countries all over the world.
Small and medium-sized shed
There is an earth wall with a height of 1m in the north and a semi-arch shed surface in the south. Or there is a semi-arched shed in the north and a sloping shed in the south. This kind of shed is generally a column-free shed. When the span is large, there are 1~2 rows of columns in the middle to support the shed surface and cover it with cold-proof straw mats.
Monomer greenhouse
Adopt circular arch embedded shed: the basic requirements are: the shed width is 8m, the shed length is 30m, the shoulder height is 1.8m, the top height is 3m, the arch bars are φ25×2mm hot-dip galvanized pipes, the distance between the arch bars is 1.0m, and the soil above 0.4m is inserted .. The material is hot-dip galvanized steel, and three longitudinal tie bars are designed to enhance the wind resistance and compression resistance. 4 film pressing grooves (2 grooves on each side) are designed in the longitudinal direction. The skirt film is 40cm high, with a film pressing groove fixed at the top and buried in the ground at the bottom to strengthen wind resistance and sealing; The second installation is at a distance of 140cm from the ground, and the rolled film and skirt film are repeated by 30cm. Install 6 vertical rods at the end; A membrane pressing rope is installed between every two arch bars to increase the wind resistance, and wind braces are installed at the four corners of the shed to increase the stability of the shed. 1 inch double-sided sliding door is installed on the end face of each embedded shed. The door specification is 1.8× 1.4m, and each building is 2 inches in total.
Direction selection
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It is desirable to go beyond the frozen layer. The foundation design of greenhouse is based on geological structure and local climate conditions, and the foundation in cold areas and loose soil areas is relatively deep. The greenhouse that can't be produced all year round is deeper than the greenhouse that can be produced all year round. On the basis of rubble or river stone filling, a 2030 cm thick ground beam should be added, and a wall should be built on the ground beam. Wall should have insulation interlayer, which should be filled with insulation materials such as benzene board and perlite. It is suggested that expansion joints should be reserved for walls over 70 linear meters. According to the nature of the greenhouse, a certain ventilation window should be reserved for ventilation in the back wall of the greenhouse in winter. Before the rainbow greenhouse wall is capped, the embedded parts of the arch frame should be installed for the use of the arch frame. The height of the greenhouse wall depends on the span of the greenhouse. Generally, the back wall of the greenhouse with a span of 8 meters is 2.5 meters. The back wall of the greenhouse is 7.5 meters high and 2.3 meters high.
Try to choose the site on a flat plot, and it is very important to choose the location of the greenhouse. The groundwater level should not be too high, and avoid mountains and buildings that block light. For the users of planting and breeding, sheds cannot be built in polluted places. In addition, in areas with strong monsoon, the wind resistance of the selected greenhouse should also be considered. Generally, the wind resistance level of greenhouse should be above 8.
The orientation of greenhouse has a great influence on the heat storage capacity of greenhouse. According to experience, it is best for greenhouses in the southern region to face west. The western corner is 5 10 degrees. This is convenient for the greenhouse to accumulate more heat. If more than one greenhouse is built, the spacing between greenhouses should not be less than the width of one greenhouse.
The orientation of the greenhouse is that the greenhouse heads are on the north and south sides respectively, and it is recommended to choose the north-south direction for planting the greenhouse. This orientation can make the crops in the greenhouse distribute uniform light.
The wall material of greenhouse can be used as long as it has good heat preservation and heat storage capacity. The inner wall of greenhouse emphasized here must have heat storage function, and the masonry of solar greenhouse should be adapted to local conditions. So as to store heat. At night, the heat will be released to keep the temperature balance in the shed. Brick walls, cement plastered walls and earth walls all have heat storage capacity. Brick-concrete structure is generally better for greenhouse walls.
Formation of Toxic Gases in Greenhouse and Preventive Measures
Vegetables cultivated in plastic greenhouses are often attributed to improper fertilization methods and neglect of ventilation, which leads to excessive toxic gases in greenhouses and harms vegetables, and are often misdiagnosed as diseases, resulting in the final effect not being achieved.
1, nitrogen due to excessive application of urea, actinium sulfate and other quick-acting fertilizers, or improper fertilization methods, if ammonia gas is decomposed under high temperature in the greenhouse due to the application of immature organic fertilizer, it will harm vegetables, make the leaf edge tissue appear waterlogged spots, and in severe cases, the whole leaf will die. Often misdiagnosed as frostbite or other diseases, vegetables sensitive to ammonia include cucumbers, tomatoes and zucchini.
2. Excessive application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer to nitrite gas at one time will reduce the effect of some bacteria and cause local acidity of soil. When the PH value is less than 5, nitrous acid gas is produced, which can make vegetable leaves appear white spots and turn white, and even die in severe cases, and is often misdiagnosed as powdery mildew. Vegetables sensitive to nitrite gas include eggplant, cucumber, zucchini, celery and pepper.
3. Ethylene and chlorine If the quality of agricultural film or plastic film is poor, or there is plastic film residue in the field, it will be exposed to sunlight, and harmful gases such as ethylene and chlorine will easily be generated under high temperature conditions in the shed. When the concentration reaches a certain level, it can make the leaf edge or vein of vegetables turn yellow, then turn white, and in severe cases, the whole plant will die. Often misdiagnosed as bacterial angular leaf spot, it is particularly harmful to cucumber.
In addition, heating in winter, insufficient fuel combustion will produce toxic gases, and untimely ventilation will accumulate too much carbon dioxide. Affect vegetable production.
2. Preventive measures:
1, rational fertilization. Organic fertilizer must be fermented and decomposed in greenhouse, chemical fertilizer should be of high quality, and urea should be mixed with calcium superphosphate. The base fertilizer should be applied to a depth of 20 cm, and the depth of topdressing fertilizer should reach about 12 cm. After application, it should be watered in time.
2. Ventilation. Fine and warm weather should be combined with temperature regulation and ventilation, and rain and snow weather should also be properly ventilated.
3. Use safe and non-toxic agricultural films and plastic films to remove waste plastics and their residues in the shed in time. ? [6]?
Other information
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1, irrigation method
Drip irrigation is to drip water evenly and slowly into the soil near the root zone of plants through the dripper installed on the capillary. With the help of the capillary force of soil, water permeates and diffuses in the soil for absorption and utilization by plant roots, and the soil water is always in an unsaturated state, which makes the soil loose and breathable and is beneficial to plant growth. The use principle of hose drip irrigation is to irrigate frequently and less, and the amount of irrigation at one time is 7-15m3/mu. Specific methods: first, when pouring clean water, first close the valve of the suction pipe of the fertilizer applicator, then open the valve to the maximum, and then open the pressurized water source for irrigation; 2. When fertilizing and watering, close the valve, turn on the switch of the suction pipe of the fertilizer applicator, fix the filter at the bottom of the fertilizer liquid barrel, and turn on the water source for fertilization. It is best to use Lamla special water-soluble fertilizer without impurities. After fertilization, turn off the switch on the straw and open the valve to continue irrigation, so as to rinse off the residual fertilizer in the tube.
2. Preventive measures
(1) Install drip irrigation system to ensure that the control area of each section of the main pipe basically does not exceed half an acre of land, and at the same time ensure that the ground contacted by each hose is flat and smooth, so as to ensure smooth water flow;
(2) The holes of the drip irrigation belt are generally laid upward and covered with plastic film before use. If it is not covered with plastic film, the nozzle of the drip irrigation belt can be laid down;
(3) Use a clean water source, and there should be no suspended matter larger than 0.8 mm in the water, otherwise a mesh filter should be added to purify the water. Tap water and well water are usually not filtered;
(4) During installation and field operation, beware of scratching and puncturing the drip tape or the supervisor;
(5) After fertilization, water should be poured for a period of time to prevent chemical substances from accumulating and blocking the orifice;
(6) In order to prevent sediment and other impurities from accumulating in the pipeline and causing blockage, loosen the drip irrigation belt and the tail of the main pipeline one by one, and increase the flow rate for flushing;
(7) When changing crops, dismantle the equipment and store it in a cool place.