Chinese Name: Artemia Latin Scientific Name: Artemia Alias: Artemia, Sea Monkey, Salted Shrimp, Salt Insect, Water Horse Kingdom: Animal Kingdom: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Branchopod: Invertebrate: Saltwater Eupolyphaga: Distribution: San Francisco Bay, Great Salt Lake, China Coastal Yantian, Qinghai, Tibet and South Xinjiang. The production process, adult collection, hatching steps, hatching collection, preservation methods and biological characteristics of the shrimp are hermaphroditic, with obvious female generations alternately maturing, the abdomen of the first and second abdominal segments. Males have a symmetrical male gametophyte in this position, which is the main feature that distinguishes males from females. The female's second antenna is smaller, and the male's is bigger than the normal one. In this case, adults reproduce through parthenogenesis. When the environment is unfavorable, there will be fertilized eggs produced by male and female mating (called resting eggs), and resting eggs has thicker eggshells. In spring, nauplii are hatched by dormancy under suitable water environment conditions. Fertile eggs refer to the resting eggs produced by fertile insects, and there are more than 100 recorded fertile eggs in the world. The nauplii are rich in egg yolk, protein and fat (about 60% in protein, and about 20% in fat), and their adults are also rich in nutrients, so the harvest worm is an excellent bait for fish, shrimp and crabs. It is reported that at present, more than 85% of aquaculture animals in the world are raised by harvesting insects as bait sources. Ecological habits are widely distributed: they can live in freshwater fish ponds, reservoirs, salt lakes or alkali ponds. Resting eggs with a diameter of about 200-280 microns will be produced in water with salinity above 100%. Eggs are grayish brown with hard shells and often float in water. Adults can survive in the cold and dry environment of anoxic beaches in sediments. It can survive for several years in dry or anaerobic state. After that, if it is soaked in salt water to stimulate the metabolism in the eggshell, it can hatch into nauplii. Adults have strong adaptability to temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen. The tolerable temperature range is 6℃-35℃, salinity is 5%-34%, and dissolved oxygen is 6544. Adults are more suitable for survival in salt water than in fresh water, so a large number of adult live bait can be cultivated in salt water for fry to eat. The optimum growth temperature of adults is 20℃-30℃, and the pH value is 7. 5-8.5, salinity 30%-50%, and dissolved oxygen is close to saturation. The reproductive capacity of Dendroctonus valens is hermaphroditic, and its reproductive modes can be divided into oviparous and viviparous. It can reproduce naturally in fish ponds and hatch directly into larvae in an environment with low salinity and high dissolved oxygen. However, in salinity and low dissolved oxygen environment, eggs can be induced to form resting eggs. Under the conditions of low salinity and high dissolved oxygen, the newly hatched nauplii have a body length of 460 microns and a wet weight of 0.02 mg/tail, and the body length can reach 1220 microns 24 hours after hatching. In the environment with high dissolved oxygen and good water quality, adults can reach sexual maturity in about days. The individual length of mature adults is generally 1.0- 1. 2 cm/tail, wet weight 9- 10 g/tail. The egg hatching process of adult larvae is as follows: resting eggs first undergoes special treatment to remove bacteria and parasites. This kind of egg can hatch at any time according to the needs of fry and fingerling. The hatching density is 3-4g resting eggs per kilogram of water. The water used for incubation can be running water (cage incubation) or aerated incubation, so that there is enough oxygen in the water, and eggs in good years can be suspended in the water for incubation; It can also be hatched in a conical container with a transparent bottom. The optimum water temperature for incubation is controlled at 25℃-30℃. In addition, the effect of salt water is better than that of fresh water, and the optimum salinity is required to be 33%. The nauplii hatched from eggs in good years have strong phototaxis. According to this characteristic, when collecting nauplii, ventilation can be stopped for 30 minutes. However, due to its phototaxis, if the light source shines from the bottom, the eggshell will surface, and the nauplii will gather at this end of the container. Incubation in resting eggs is a reproductive technology, which must be carried out in seawater. The most important factor for hatching is the seawater concentration, which is generally 1%-2.5%, and the optimum concentration is 1.4%- 1.5%. The effect of hatching has an important relationship with the quality of eggs. If the quality is good, it can be directly hatched as required after disinfection. If the quality is poor, it will be incubated and disinfected after repeated elutriation and treatment. The treatment method is to put the adults into a sieve bag of about 100 mesh for elutriation. Then move it into 100- 1.50 mg/ l formalin solution to soak the sterilized eggs for 20-30 minutes, and put 1.5-2.5g into each liter of seawater for incubation. After hatching, the hatched nauplii are separated from the unhatched dead eggs and the eggshell in the upper water layer. The hatching of Artemia in Ebinur Lake is greatly influenced by the pH value of water body. Generally, the pH value of water used for high-year incubation is between 7.5 and 8.3, which is related to the salinity of seawater. As long as the salinity of seawater is 1.4%- 1.5%, generally speaking, the required temperature can ensure the pH value, which is an important condition for adult hatching. Temperature affects the hatching rate, hatching speed and growth speed of nauplii. The suitable incubation temperature is 2630℃. The optimum temperature is 28℃, and dissolved oxygen level and water activity are also factors affecting hatching. It is required that the dissolved oxygen in the water body is 4-8 mg/L during incubation, and the water body must be fully and evenly aerated and stirred. The actual aeration is limited by the appearance of small-scale microbubbles in water. When hatching adults, strong light should be avoided. If the incubation tank is in a place where sunlight can shine, the hatching water should be shaded and the surface light should be at 1-2.5 lux. Fairy shrimp exists in a puddle at an altitude of 450 meters in Dazhushan. The reporter saw these little creatures. They swim leisurely in the water, about forty or fifty, each of which is only a little more than a centimeter long, and their fluff swings with the water, which is very elegant. The reporter observed for more than 30 minutes and found that this "shrimp" only has a "backstroke" posture whether it is moving forward or turning around. Han Xiqian, also known as brine shrimp, was the first person to find these "shrimps". A rain on the weekend made Dazhu Mountain more charming, and Han Xiqian also took advantage of the good weather to climb the mountain. It is understood that these "shrimps" are actually bumper insects, commonly known as "fairy shrimps" because of their beautiful appearance. But it is actually not a shrimp, but a small crustacean, which existed as early as the late CAMBRIAN and has been more than 200 million years now. In other words, "Xianxia" existed before the well-known Jurassic dinosaur king appeared, and then dinosaurs appeared, and "Xianxia" became their neighbors. Later, the dinosaurs became extinct, and the "immortal shrimp" still thrived from generation to generation until today. According to reports, "fairy shrimp" has a strong viability. At the bottom of the dry lake, they can stand the test of high temperature baking and frozen soil for several years. Its eggs are smaller than sand, have a hard protective shell and can even resist boiling water. It can survive for tens of millions of years, but it certainly won't hatch when it doesn't rain, and once it rains, it will quickly hatch into adults, which is a miracle in the biological world. Usually, with the rainfall, crops grow well, which indicates a bumper harvest year, so this creature is called "bumper harvest bug". Although reapers have existed for more than 200 million years, even dinosaurs should be called "predecessors", but their survival time after hatching is not long, only two or three months, or even shorter. After the rain, a small puddle hatched a batch of harvested insects. Once the puddle dried up in the sun, the harvested insects would die, which is a fragile aspect of their lives. Uses: protein, amino acids, fat and other rich nutrients are also the best bait for shrimp seedlings, including 60% protein, 20% fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids. When used in fish and shrimp culture, shrimp fry and fry have the functions of strengthening resistance, increasing vitality and improving seedling survival rate, and are also the main nutrient sources needed in the seedling stage, so they are widely used in aquaculture. Harvest shrimp: also known as harvest worm, the value is 1, which is widely used in shrimp farming in coastal areas of China. Artemia is the best feed for shrimp seedlings. 2. It is called the best live feed by fish lovers. 3. Laboratory research. Protein content of adults fed with feed is as high as 50%~60%. As an ideal animal protein source, it is widely used as the opening substance of prawns, but it is still used as bait in the growth process of prawns. In recent years, the success rate of shrimp culture has decreased year by year. For processing plants, raw shrimp is far from meeting their needs. In order to ensure the sufficient source of raw materials and the quality of raw shrimp, Hong Kong offshore fishery has found a new shrimp culture model of 20 16, that is, the combination of shrimp culture feed and adult rearing. Eggs just collected in the production process are not suitable for stacking, and generally have to go through the following processing steps: natural shrimp 1, and cleaning: generally, they are washed in conical barrels, first with fresh water and then with seawater. The main purpose of washing is to remove impurities, eggshells and surface pollution. 2. Dehydration: The method of dehydration of wet eggs is generally to centrifuge first and then dry in the shade; Dry eggs should be dried at low temperature and then vacuum. 3. Drying: During the drying process, it is necessary to prevent the temperature from being too high (not exceeding 40℃) and exposure to the sun. 4. Screening: Screen layer by layer with screens with different pore sizes. 5. Packaging: vacuum or nitrogen flushing sealed packaging. 6. Storage: The harvested shrimp eggs should be stored at-65438 08℃ for one week and then at room temperature for one week. For dried eggs, they can be stored at low temperature. After the above steps, the eggs of bumper shrimp can be preserved for several years, and the exudation rate can still be maintained at about 70%. The harvest season for adults to collect shrimp eggs is generally in autumn, but a few shrimp eggs can be harvested in spring. Except Mono shrimp in California, USA, which has productive dormancy, most resting eggs produced by shrimp in other areas are floating eggs. Eggs are often hit by wind and waves and piled together, showing reddish brown. You can scrape the eggs directly from the shore, or you can catch the eggs floating on the water surface or downwind with a special copying net. Generally, a square cheat sheet net (mesh 40 mesh, mesh bag 60 mesh) is commonly used. If it is used to collect Artemia shrimp eggs in water, a circular paper-making net (upper 40 mesh, lower 90 mesh) is generally used. In addition, you can also dig a pit near the pool or build a floating grid to concentrate the eggs in the local water body for harvesting. Artemia and Artemia eggs collection area 1950- 1980 hatching method. Hatching preparation 1. Use clean containers; (The size depends on individual needs) 2. A light source is arranged at the upper part of the container; (Recommended, improve the hatching rate) 3. Install an air pipe at the bottom of the container to inflate the bottom of the cylinder; 4. Add clean water and salt at a ratio of 1 liter of water /4.5g of salt, either refined salt or crude salt; 5. Finally, add shrimps at a ratio of about 2.0g eggs/liter of water. Incubation conditions 1, temperature 28-30℃ 2, pH 8.0-9.03, aeration: enough bubbles to suspend the eggs of the shrimp in brine 4, illumination: 2000lux 5 on the surface of the brine, density 2.0g eggs/liter of water. In the incubation step, firstly, the eggs in good years are disinfected, then 4 kg of eggs are soaked in 0.05% sodium thiosulfate for several minutes, drained, stirred with 0.5 kg of industrial bleaching powder, added with ice, kept at 40℃ for 65,438+/-00 minutes, filtered with phytoplankton net to obtain eggs, then soaked in 0.05% sodium thiosulfate for 2-5 minutes, and washed. Hatching method of eggs in harvest year: 1. Shrimp eggs in harvest years can be preserved for a long time under dry conditions. When it is put into water with salinity of 20 ~ 30 and temperature of 25 ~ 27℃, and the dissolved oxygen required for hatching is met, the larvae will hatch after 24 ~ 48 hours. 2. When hatching shrimp eggs, impurities and sediments attached to the eggs can be washed away with glycerin brine to obtain floating clean eggs; Eggs can also be frozen first, gradually from -3℃ to-15℃, refrigerated 1 ~ 3 months before hatching, and the hatching rate can reach 60% ~ 90%. 3. Put the harvested winter eggs (or after disinfection and shelling) directly into the sea water, keep the water temperature at 28-30℃, and after the eggs are directly hatched for 24-30 hours, they can develop into nauplii. The improved method of the hatching device for harvest shrimp eggs: after the harvest shrimp eggs are disinfected and fully soaked, they are put into a bag made of screen wire and put into an egg room at 25℃ to avoid strong light irradiation and ensure sufficient oxygen supply. After 8- 10 hour, it becomes a lantern larva (eggs and larvae are not separated, and then put into seawater at 28-30℃ to become nauplii. DIY shrimp egg incubator hatches and collects 1, incubating for 24 hours under ideal incubation conditions; 2. Stop pumping; 3. Cover the surface of the incubator (shading); 4. After standing for 10 minute, discharge or siphon out the shrimps that have sunk to the bottom, and then stand for 10 minute to collect the remaining shrimps in the tank. Storage method: 1, reduce the liquid level (about 1 ~ 2 cm), increase the air contact area (increase dissolved oxygen) 2, and store in a dry and dark place at 0℃-5℃ (such as a freezer).