Lu You. "Mountains and rivers are full of doubts and there is no way, and there is another village with dark willows and bright flowers." It comes from "Visiting Shanxi Village" by Lu You, a poet of the Song Dynasty. The original text of the whole poem is as follows:
Mo Xiao's farmer's wax wine is muddy, and the good years keep the guests away. Chicken dolphin.
There is no way out despite the mountains and rivers, and there is another village with dark flowers and bright flowers.
The flutes and drums follow the spring society, and the clothes and clothes are simple and ancient.
From now on, if I am allowed to take advantage of the moonlight, I will knock on the door all the time and night with my stick.
--------Translation of the work--------
Don’t laugh at the farmers who brew the wine in the twelfth lunar month, which is turbid and not mellow. Farmers are waiting for the harvest years. The dishes are very rich.
With overlapping mountains and twists and turns of water, I was worried that I would have no way to go. Suddenly, another mountain village appeared among the colorful willows and flowers.
As the communion day is approaching, the sound of flutes and drums to welcome the gods can be heard everywhere along the way. Commoners wear plain hats, and the simple ancient customs are still preserved.
If I can still take advantage of the beautiful moonlight to go out for a leisurely stroll in the future, I will knock on your door at any time with a cane.
--------Related notes--------
Lajiu: wine brewed in the twelfth lunar month.
Tún: It means preparing sumptuous dishes. Sufficient: sufficient, abundant. Pig, piglet, refers to pork in the poem.
Mountains and rivers overlap: mountains and rivers overlap one after another.
The willows are dark and the flowers are bright: the willows are dark green and the flowers are red.
Xiaogu: Play the flute and drum.
Spring Society: In ancient times, the fifth Wu day after the beginning of spring was regarded as the Spring Society Day. People worshiped She Gong (the God of the Earth) and the God of Grains to pray for a good harvest.
Ancient customs: retaining the simple ancient customs.
Ruoxu: If so.
Take advantage of the moonlight: Come by the moonlight when you have free time.
No time: There is no certain time, that is, anytime.
Knock (kòu): knock on the door.
--------Creative background--------
This poem was written in the early spring of the third year of Emperor Xiaozong's reign (1167), when Lu You was dismissed from office. Staying at home. Prior to this, Lu You served as the magistrate of Longxing Prefecture (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). Because he actively supported the anti-Jin general Zhang Jun's Northern Expedition in the second year of Longxing (1164), after Fuli's defeat, he was ostracized by the imperial court and the surrender faction. . In the second year of Qiandao (1166), he was dismissed from the Longxing Prefecture and returned to his hometown of Shanyin (today's Shaoxing, Zhejiang) for the crime of "making remonstrances with Taiwan, singing about right and wrong, and trying to persuade Zhang Jun to use troops."
Lu You's mood when he returned to his hometown was quite complicated, with depression and anger intertwined, but he was not disheartened. The patriotic sentiment of "Heart of generosity is strong" ("Hearing the Rain") made him feel hope and light in rural life, and he poured this feeling into his poetry creation. This poem was written in his hometown of Shanyin.
--------Appreciation of Works--------
This is a travel lyric poem, describing the daily life in rural areas of Jiangnan. The poet closely follows The title of the poem is "tour", but it does not describe the process of visiting the village in detail. Instead, it excerpts the experiences of visiting the village to reflect the endless excitement of traveling. The first part of the poem describes the poet's trip to a farmhouse, the second time he writes about the scenery outside the village, the second time he writes about the things in the village, and the last time he writes about his frequent night excursions. Although the writings have different emphases, they are based on village tours and harmoniously integrate the beautiful natural scenery of mountain villages and simple villagers' customs into a complete picture, forming a beautiful artistic conception and a tranquil and meaningful style. The subject matter of this poem is relatively common, but the idea is novel and ingenious, and the technique is drawn in plain lines without using words to describe it, making it naturally interesting.
The first couplet exaggerates the tranquility and joy of the countryside in the year of good harvest. The word "foot" expresses the farmer's hospitality to guests. The word "Don't laugh" expresses the poet's appreciation for the simple folk customs in the countryside.
The chin couplet describes the scenery of mountains and rivers. The description of the scenery contains philosophy and has been widely quoted for thousands of years. "There is no doubt that there is no road among mountains and rivers, and there is another village with dark willows and bright flowers." Such a smooth, gorgeous, cheerful and bright poem, it seems that you can see the poet walking among the verdant mountains, the clear mountain springs gurgling through the winding streams, and the vegetation is getting better and better. Seeing the dense vegetation, the winding mountain paths are becoming increasingly difficult to recognize. When he was confused, he suddenly saw the bright flowers and dark willows in front, and several farmhouses looming among the flowers and trees. The poet suddenly felt enlightened. You can imagine his joy and excitement. Of course, this kind of state has been described by predecessors, but these two sentences are particularly euphemistic and unique. After reading this couplet, people will feel that in a certain situation in life, it is surprisingly consistent with the poem, and therefore feels more intimate. What is described here is a scene in which the poet is walking in a mountain valley, doubtful as if there is no way out, and suddenly cheerful again. It not only reflects the poet's hope for the future, but also expresses the philosophy of the growth and change of things in the world. Therefore, these two poems go beyond the scope of describing natural scenery and have strong artistic vitality.
The neck couplets move from nature to human affairs, depicting rural customs in the early Southern Song Dynasty. It is not difficult for readers to appreciate the deep love for traditional culture that the poet wants to express. "She" is the god of land. Chunshe is on the fifth Wu day after the beginning of spring. Farmers hold festivals and pray for good harvest, full of expectations for a good harvest. The festival comes from "Zhou Li". Su Shi's "Die Lian Hua· Mizhou Shangyuan" also said: "I beat drums and blow flutes, but I joined the Nongsang Society." It can be seen that it was still popular in the Song Dynasty.
Here, Lu You even praised this ancient local custom with "simple clothing and ancient customs", showing his love for our land and people.
The poet changed his writing style in the last couplet, indicating that the poet has been "traveling" for a whole day. At this time, the bright moon was high, and the whole earth was shrouded in a faint moonlight, giving the village after the Spring Society a sense of wonder. It is dyed with a layer of quiet color and has a special interest. So these two sentences naturally flowed out of my heart: I hope that from now on, I can lean on a stick to ride on the moon, tap the firewood door lightly, and have a drink with the old farmer. This scene is very happy. The image of a poet who loves his hometown and is close to the farmers emerges vividly on the page.
After the poet was impeached and returned to his hometown, he would inevitably feel depressed and unfair. Compared with the hypocritical officialdom, the simple life in my hometown will naturally produce infinite comfort. In addition, although the poet seems to be at ease, he is still concerned about state affairs. The people who serve the country are short-sighted and have no long-term plans. However, the poet has not lost confidence and is convinced that one day he will be able to achieve peace and prosperity. This state of mind coincided with the scenery he was traveling to, so the two aspects negotiated, resulting in the couplets "Mountain Heavy" and "Willow Darkness" that have been passed down through the ages.
Lu You's seven-rhyme poem has a rigorous structure and a prominent main line. There is no word "you" in the eight lines of the poem, but the word "you" is cut everywhere, which is full of excitement and endless meaning. And clearly layered. Especially the two couplets in the middle have neat contrasts and are good at describing difficult scenes, like beads falling on a jade plate, flowing smoothly, reaching a high artistic level.
--------About the author--------
Lu You (November 13, 1125 - January 26, 1210), courtesy name Wu Guan, nicknamed Fang Weng, was of Han nationality and was a native of Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province). He was the grandson of Lu Dian, the minister Youcheng, and was a writer, historian and patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. Lu You was born when the Northern Song Dynasty was overthrown, and he was deeply influenced by his family's patriotism when he was young. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, he participated in the examination of the Ministry of Rites, but his official career was not smooth because he was rejected by Qin Hui, the prime minister. During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, he was granted a Jinshi background. He entered Shu in middle age and devoted himself to military life. In the second year of Jiatai (1202), Emperor Ningzong of the Song Dynasty ordered Lu You to go to Beijing and preside over the compilation of Xiaozong's and Guangzong's "Records of the Two Dynasties" and "History of the Three Dynasties". In his later years, he retired to his hometown. There are more than 9,000 poems in existence today, and they are extremely rich in content. He is the author of "Jiannan Poetry Manuscript", "Weinan Collected Works", "Southern Tang Book", "Laoxue'an Notes", etc.