First, the main staple foods of Chang 'an residents in the Tang Dynasty were introduced, as well as some staple food practices. According to historical records, the main staple foods of Chang 'an people in the Tang Dynasty were rice, wheat, millet and millet. Even in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, ordinary people couldn't afford rice, but among bureaucratic gentry, rice became their staple food, and the staple food of ordinary people could only be wheat flour and millet.
Here I mainly introduce the wheat and millet that ordinary people generally eat and the rice that only bureaucrats and nobles generally eat:
1. At first, due to the shortage of rice supply, a large amount of rice was transported by water from the rich land in the south of the Yangtze River. During the Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty, people were encouraged to plant rice widely near Chang 'an, considering the long distance of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the problems of rice quality preservation. Due to the flat terrain of Guanzhong Plain and the introduction and popularization of rice planting technology in the south of the Yangtze River, a large area of rice planting area has been formed near Chang 'an, so that the rice planting stock in Chang 'an is enough to supply Tang Du-fu, an upper-level official in Chang 'an, with a poem "Remembrance" saying: Looking back at the heyday of Kaiyuan in those days, there were still thousands of families in the small town, with rice and fat, and public and private warehouses were rich. On the one hand, this poem describes the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, on the other hand, it describes the fullness of rice. The Tang government has expressly stipulated that Tang Yipin's official meter is 700 stones, and when it comes to Jiupin's official meter, it is 30 stones. These rice were continuously supplied to the upper bureaucratic aristocratic families in the Tang Dynasty. They cooked rice, and this is what we see now. Some people even add some other grains and cook them into nutrition porridge. Rice and nutrition porridge became the daily staple food of the upper-class bureaucrats and nobles.
2. Wheat flour and millet, because the cultivation of wheat and millet was very common in the Tang Dynasty, and wheat liked cold and drought, so the yield was extremely high. Therefore, wheat and millet are the staple foods that ordinary people can eat every day. People grind wheat into flour and make various cakes such as flour cakes, vegetable cakes and Hu cakes, which become the daily staple food on the table of the people. ? Twelve o'clock in Chang 'an? As can be seen in the TV series, Cui Qi, commander-in-chief of Tang Jun, has two iconic things, two small hammers and a big cake. In other words, bread has become the mainstream food for ordinary people.
Ordinary people not only take the flour ground from wheat as the staple food, but also make the wheat flour into noodles, even steamed bread and wonton. There is nothing to cook noodles at home, and it is also common to steam steamed bread as a meal. By the Tang Dynasty, the custom of eating longevity noodles on birthdays had appeared. According to Guess Miscellaneous Notes? Many people in the Tang Dynasty had soup cakes on their birthdays. What is the so-called longevity noodles? .
Secondly, it introduces the main non-staple food of Chang 'an residents in Tang Dynasty. After talking about the staple food eaten by ordinary families and official families, we can understand that people in the Tang Dynasty have been like us, and the staple food has always been rice, noodles, cakes and steamed bread. But many people have to ask again, so, what do Tang people take as non-staple food? Still with? Twelve o'clock in Chang 'an? Just like in the TV series, in the busy streets of Chang 'an, we roast mutton kebabs, drink and eat meat?
Actually, it's very close to TV series. It is common for Chang 'an residents to eat meat and vegetables in Tang Dynasty. Chang 'an market also has a special butcher shop, which mainly sells mutton, pork and beef. You should know that Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, is very close to the northwest, so there are many ethnic minorities in the northwest. Therefore, people generally prefer meat, especially mutton. Ordinary people like to eat mutton, so do officials and nobles. Like rice rationing, mutton is rationed in detail by bureaucrats and nobles here. For example, from the prince to the second-level officials, the third-level officials supply 20 sheep per month, the third-level officials supply 12 sheep per month, and the fourth-level to fifth-level officials supply 9 sheep per month? .
The non-staple food of Chang 'an people in Tang Dynasty was not only pork, mutton and beef, but also vegetables were very popular. As mentioned earlier, there are many vegetable shops in Chang 'an market, just like the early butcher shop, the supply of vegetables is very rich. As can be seen from this document, there are many varieties, such as lotus root, wax gourd, radish, lettuce, celery, Artemisia, lettuce and so on. Lettuce, called by the Tang Dynasty? Thousand yuan vegetables? , history? The envoys of the bone kingdom came to Han, and the Sui people had to grow vegetables with rich salaries. .
Third, was Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty really full of shops and snacks? There were three buildings in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty: Miyagi was in the north center, which was the residence of the emperor and the royal family; The imperial city is in the south of Miyagi, bigger than Miyagi, and it is the place where the government handles affairs; Outside Miyagi and Imperial City, design Guo Cheng, design business district and residential district. The business district is divided into two parts, one is called East Market and the other is called West Market. During the Tang dynasty, commercial activities were limited to the east and west cities, and there were also restrictions on time. They open at sunrise and close at sunset. With the continuous development of commerce in the Tang Dynasty, there were more and more shops, and gradually, the night market appeared in Chang 'an.
Since there was a night market, various delicious snacks have emerged in the night market. There are barbecue, meat pie, soup cake, roast mutton, fish fillets and other delicious foods in the market. There are two common foods here:
1. Bread, as mentioned above, wheat is the main staple food of ordinary people's families. Bread made of flour is very popular in Chang 'an. There are many kinds of bread, such as steamed bread, pancakes, Hu cakes and patties, which are deeply loved by the Tang people. According to legend, Zhang Heng, a four-character official in the Wu Zetian period, was hungry and cold after retiring from the DPRK. He saw someone selling steamed cakes by the roadside, and just came out of the cage, steaming hot, so he bought a piece to satisfy his hunger. Bai Juyi wrote it when he recalled Chang 'an's life in the imperial court in Poems of Retirement Ceremony of Assistant Minister Cui Hanlin and Qian Sheren Wei Cun? Send cake bait to the court and clothes in hot and cold weather? It means that after the end of the Wu Dynasty, the lunch prepared by the court for officials was bread, and how popular bread was at that time.
2. Roast mutton. Because Chang 'an is close to the northwest border and there are many ethnic minorities, Chang 'an people like mutton very much. There are many cooking methods for Tang people to eat mutton, such as frying, steaming and roasting, among which roast mutton has become their favorite. The left soul is thin, and the cheese bottle will burn the sheep? The popularity of roast mutton can be seen.
Conclusion: TV series? Twelve o'clock in Chang 'an? In the description of Chang 'an Street, you can enjoy Yuan Lantern, visit Chang 'an Night Market and eat various special snacks. As the Tang Dynasty was the only country with relatively open economy and culture, Chang 'an, as the capital and the center of economy, politics and culture, had a population of one million. It is possible that Chang 'an in the prosperous Tang Dynasty was bustling with shops, but this luxury was limited to the upper-class bureaucratic aristocrats, rich children and them. Drinking nutrition porridge and roasting mutton kebabs set off the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, but behind this prosperity, there are all kinds of sadness. Ordinary people, it is better to eat wheat bread and steamed bread. Almost people can't even eat three meals a day. Zhumen stinks of wine and meat, and the road has frozen bones? This is not groundless
Text: only love unknown map: source network